Beware my spines: a new spiny fern (Dennstaedtia, Dennstaedtiaceae) from central and western Amazonia

A new spiny fern belonging to the genus Dennstaedtia is described from Brazilian and Peruvian Amazonia. Dennstaedtia aculeata (sp. nov.) is the third spiny species known for the genus, and the first in South America. It is compared with another Neotropical spiny Dennstaedtia, D. spinosa. We also present images, illustrations and a distribution map of the specimens, and discuss the habitat preference of the species towards nutrient-richer soils and spinescence in the family

Taxonomic review and phylogeny of Dennstaedtia (Patania group) for South America

No presente trabalho, 13 espécies de Dennstaedtia, seis de Mucura e duas de Microlepia são reconhecidas para a América do Sul, totalizando um total de 20 espécies revisadas na tese. Destas, três táxons são propostos como novos para à ciência, e cinco novas combinações foram realizadas, principalmente relacionadas aos complexos de espécies Dennstaedtia dissecta/D. cornuta e Mucura bipinnata/M. globulifera. Foram propostas três novas espécies, a saber: Dennstaedtia aculetata sp. nov., D. andina sp. nov. e Mucura alata sp. nov. Cinco combinações novas também são propostas, a saber: Dennstaedtia concinna comb. nov., D. fluminensis comb. nov., Mucura baccifera comb.nov., M. tamandarei comb. nov. e M. tenera comb. nov. Os estudos moleculares apresentam uma nova proposta filogenética para a família Dennstaedtiaceae, com foco nas espécies brasileiras da subfamília Dennstaedtioideae. Os marcadores utilizados foram rbcL, trnL-trnF e rps4-trnS. As reconstruções filogenéticas se basearam em análises de Máxima Verossimilhança e Bayesiana. A topologia resgatou as subfamílias Dennstaedtioideae, Hypolepidoideae e Monachosoroideae como monofiléticas, apresentando elevado valor de bootstrap para os clados em nível de gênero. Os complexos de espécies, principalmente envolvendo espécies brasileiras, foram melhor compreendidos e resolvidos taxonomicamente. As espécies resgatadas da sinonímia, Dennstaedtia concinna, D. fluminensis, Mucura tamandarei e M. tenera, foram sustentadas como espécies válidas no estudo filogenético aqui apresentado. Palavras-chave: Neotropical. Polypodiales. Samambaias.In the present work, 13 species of Dennstaedtia, six of Mucura and two of Microlepia are recognized for South America, totaling 20 species reviewed in the thesis. Of these, three taxa are proposed as new to science, and five new combinations were performed, mainly related to the complexes of Dennstaedtia dissecta/ D. cornuta and Mucura bipinnata/ M. globulifera species. Three new species were proposed, namely Dennstaedtia aculetata sp. nov., D. andina sp. nov. and Mucura alata sp. nov. Five new combinations are also proposed, namely: Dennstaedtia concinna comb. nov., D. fluminensis comb. nov., Mucura baccifera comb. nov., M. tamandarei comb. nov. and M. tenera comb. nov. Molecular studies present a new phylogenetic proposal for the family Dennstaedtiaceae, focusing on the Brazilian species of the subfamily Dennstaedtioideae. The markers used were rbcL, trnL-trnF and rps4-trnS. The phylogenetic reconstructions were based on Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The topology rescued the subfamilies Dennstaedtioideae, Hypolepidoideae and Monachosoroideae as monophyletic, presenting a high bootstrap value for the clades at the genus level. Species complexes, mainly involving Brazilian species, were better understood and resolved taxonomically. The species rescued from synonymy, Dennstaedtia concinna, D. fluminensis, Mucura tamandarei and M. tenera, were sustained as valid species in the phylogenetic study presented here. Keywords: Neotropical. Polypodiales. Ferns.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai

Ferns and lycophytes from a forest associated with quartzite fragments in southern Espí­rito Santo state, Brazil

This study presents a checklist of ferns and lycophytes from a forest associated with quartzitic rocky outcrops in southern Espí­rito Santo state, Brazil. We recorded 52 species and one hybrid (six lycophytes and 47 ferns) belonging to 15 families and 30 genera. Polypodiaceae, Blechnaceae, Cyatheaceae, and Selaginellaceae are the main representative families. Selaginella, Cyathea, Serpocaulon, and Trichomanes are the main representative genera. Most species are terrestrial (34.6%) and lithophytes (32.6%); epiphytes (14.4%) and species with more than one habit (19%) are scarce. We did not record any hemiepiphytic or scandent species. The region is subject to an intense quartzite mining activity, which poses serious threats to the local biodiversity. Morro Branco (Morro de Sal) was recently the site of new taxonomic discoveries in ferns (Oleandra quartziticola) and angiosperms (Paepalanthus capixaba), demonstrating the biological relevance of forest fragments associated with quartzitic rocky outcrops in Espí­rito Santo, and reinforcing the need for the effective protection of these areas

Flora de samambaias de Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil: Dennstaedtiaceae, Lindsaeaceae and Saccolomataceae

As part of an ongoing project treating the ferns and lycophytes from the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, we here present the taxonomic treatment of the early divergent lineages of the leptosporangiate ferns: the families Dennstaedtiaceae, Lindsaeaceae and Saccolomataceae. We have been sampling the remnant forest patches since 2012; we also fully reviewed the collection of herbarium VIC and other online collections: F, IAN, NY, PH, RB, U, UC, UPCB, US, and WTU. In the region of Viçosa, six taxa belonging to those families occur Dennstaedtia cicutaria and Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (Dennstaedtiaceae); Lindsaea lancea var. lancea, L. quadrangularis subsp. quadrangularis, and L. stricta var. stricta (Lindsaeaceae); and Saccoloma elegans (Saccolomataceae). Among these taxa, only L. quadrangularis subsp. quadrangularis and S. elegans are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest; the remaining are widespread in the Neotropics. We present keys, descriptions, illustrations, examined specimens, and comments.Como parte de um projeto em andamento sobre samambaias e licófitas da região de Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, o tratamento taxonômico das primeiras linhagens divergentes de samambaias leptosporangiadas: as famílias Dennstaedtiaceae, Lindsaeaceae e Saccolomataceae são apresentadas. Expedições de campo foram realizadas desde 2012 em remanescentes florestais da região. Também foi realizada uma revisão completa da coleção do herbário VIC, cuja data de início é 1930, bem como de outras coleções online de herbários: F, IAN, NY, PH, RB, U, UC, UPCB, US, and WTU. Na região de Viçosa, existem seis táxons pertencentes a essas famílias: Dennstaedtia cicutaria e Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (Dennstaedtiaceae); Lindsaea lancea var. lancea, L. quadrangularis subsp. quadrangularis e L. stricta var. stricta (Lindsaeaceae); e Saccoloma elegans (Saccolomataceae). Dentre esses táxons, apenas L. quadrangularis subsp. quadrangularis e S. elegans são endêmicos da Mata Atlântica brasileira; as demais estão amplamente distribuídas na região Neotropical. São apresentadas chaves, descrições, ilustrações, materiais examinados e comentários

Ferns and lycophytes from a forest associated with quartzite fragments in southern Espí­rito Santo state, Brazil

This study presents a checklist of ferns and lycophytes from a forest associated with quartzitic rocky outcrops in southern Espí­rito Santo state, Brazil. We recorded 52 species and one hybrid (six lycophytes and 47 ferns) belonging to 15 families and 30 genera. Polypodiaceae, Blechnaceae, Cyatheaceae, and Selaginellaceae are the main representative families. Selaginella, Cyathea, Serpocaulon, and Trichomanes are the main representative genera. Most species are terrestrial (34.6%) and lithophytes (32.6%); epiphytes (14.4%) and species with more than one habit (19%) are scarce. We did not record any hemiepiphytic or scandent species. The region is subject to an intense quartzite mining activity, which poses serious threats to the local biodiversity. Morro Branco (Morro de Sal) was recently the site of new taxonomic discoveries in ferns (Oleandra quartziticola) and angiosperms (Paepalanthus capixaba), demonstrating the biological relevance of forest fragments associated with quartzitic rocky outcrops in Espí­rito Santo, and reinforcing the need for the effective protection of these areas

Fern flora of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: Dennstaedtiaceae, Lindsaeaceae and Saccolomataceae

ABSTRACT As part of an ongoing project treating the ferns and lycophytes from the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, we here present the taxonomic treatment of the early divergent lineages of the leptosporangiate ferns: the families Dennstaedtiaceae, Lindsaeaceae and Saccolomataceae. We have been sampling the remnant forest patches since 2012; we also fully reviewed the collection of herbarium VIC and other online collections: F, IAN, NY, PH, RB, U, UC, UPCB, US, and WTU. In the region of Viçosa, six taxa belonging to those families occur: Dennstaedtia cicutaria and Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (Dennstaedtiaceae); Lindsaea lancea var. lancea, L. quadrangularis subsp. quadrangularis, and L. stricta var. stricta (Lindsaeaceae); and Saccoloma elegans (Saccolomataceae). Among these taxa, only L. quadrangularis subsp. quadrangularis and S. elegans are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest; the remaining are widespread in the Neotropics. We present keys, descriptions, illustrations, examined specimens, and comments

Angiosperms from rocky outcrops of Pedra do Elefante, Nova Venécia, Espírito Santo, Brazil

Abstract We provide a floristic inventory of Angiosperms from rocky outcrops of the Área de Proteção Ambiental Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Fieldwork was performed monthly from March/2015 to July/2016. A checklist with 302 species belonging to 219 genera and 74 families is provided. Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Convolvulaceae, Rubiaceae, Bignoniaceae and Cyperaceae are the richest families with around 50% of the listed species. One hundred forty seven species are exclusively rupicolous, 125 spp. exclusively terricolous, 26 spp. are epiphytes, and six species are found as both rupicolous and terricolous. Phanerophytes and chamaephytes were predominant life forms. Our results added 18 new records to the Espírito Santo state, indicated the occurrence of nine endemic species for the state and noticed that only 55 taxa of the total of species have threat assessments according to IUCN

Angiosperms from rocky outcrops of Pedra do Elefante, Nova Venécia, Espírito Santo, Brazil

<div><p>Abstract We provide a floristic inventory of Angiosperms from rocky outcrops of the Área de Proteção Ambiental Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Fieldwork was performed monthly from March/2015 to July/2016. A checklist with 302 species belonging to 219 genera and 74 families is provided. Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Convolvulaceae, Rubiaceae, Bignoniaceae and Cyperaceae are the richest families with around 50% of the listed species. One hundred forty seven species are exclusively rupicolous, 125 spp. exclusively terricolous, 26 spp. are epiphytes, and six species are found as both rupicolous and terricolous. Phanerophytes and chamaephytes were predominant life forms. Our results added 18 new records to the Espírito Santo state, indicated the occurrence of nine endemic species for the state and noticed that only 55 taxa of the total of species have threat assessments according to IUCN.</p></div

Anemiaceae from Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, with notes on a new hybrid

As part of a floristic survey of the vascular flora of Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, a taxonomic treatment of the Anemiaceae is here presented. Fieldwork was conducted monthly from March 2015 to July 2016. Samples were collected and dried according to the usual methodology and incorporated into the VIC and VIES herbaria. In addition to VIC and VIES, we also studied the specimens form MBML herbarium. Eight species, one variety, and a new hybrid were recorded: Anemia collina, A. ×elephantensis nothosp. nov., A. ferruginea var. ferruginea, A. hirsuta, A. luetzelburgii, A. organensis, A. patens, A. phyllitidis, A. tomentosa var. tomentosa, and A. tomentosa var. anthriscifolia. Besides the new hybrid, A. tomentosa var. tomentosa is also a new record for the state. Identification key, descriptions, comments, geographical distribution and illustrations are provided for all taxa.Como parte do levantamento florístico da flora vascular da Pedra do Elefante, Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, é apresentado um tratamento taxonômico da família Anemiaceae. O trabalho de campo foi realizado mensalmente de março de 2015 a julho de 2016. As amostras foram coletadas e secas de acordo com os métodos usuais de coleta botânica e incorporadas aos herbários VIC e VIES. Além dos herbários VIC e VIES, também estudamos os espécimes do herbário MBML. Os herbários MBML, VIC e VIES foram visitados. Oito espécies, uma variedade e um novo híbrido ocorrem na área: Anemia colina, A. ×elephantensis nothosp. nov., A. ferruginea var. ferruginea, A. hirsuta, A. luetzelburgii, A. organensis, A. patens, A. phyllitidis, A. tomentosa var. tomentosa e A. tomentosa var. anthriscifolia. Além do novo híbrido, A. tomentosa var. tomentosa é um novo registro para o Estado. Chave de identificação, descrições, comentários, distribuição geográfica e ilustrações são fornecidas para todos os táxons

Anemiaceae from Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, with notes on a new hybrid

ABSTRACT As part of a floristic survey of the vascular flora of Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, a taxonomic treatment of the Anemiaceae is here presented. Fieldwork was conducted monthly from March 2015 to July 2016. Samples were collected and dried according to the usual methodology and incorporated into the VIC and VIES herbaria. In addition to VIC and VIES, we also studied the specimens form MBML herbarium. Eight species, one variety, and a new hybrid were recorded: Anemia collina, A. ×elephantensis nothosp. nov., A. ferruginea var. ferruginea, A. hirsuta, A. luetzelburgii, A. organensis, A. patens, A. phyllitidis, A. tomentosa var. tomentosa, and A. tomentosa var. anthriscifolia. Besides the new hybrid, A. tomentosa var. tomentosa is also a new record for the state. Identification key, descriptions, comments, geographical distribution and illustrations are provided for all taxa