The Continuing Quest for Missile Defense: When Lofty Goals Confront Reality

For almost three quarters of a century, the United States has spent billions of dollars and countless person-hours in the pursuit of a national missile defense system that would protect the country from intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) carrying nuclear warheads. The system currently in place consists of 44 long-range antiballistic missiles stationed in Alaska and California to protect the United States from a possible nuclear weapon carrying ICBM attack from North Korea. After all this effort, this system is still imperfect, being successful only 10 out of 18 tests. This book will provide an historical description of past efforts in national missile defenses to understand the technical difficulties involved. It will also explain how national security concerns, the evolving international environment, and the complexities of US politics have all affected the story. The book will also describe the current systems in place to protect allies and troops in the field from the threat of shorter range missiles. Finally, the book will describe the current US vision for the future of missile defenses and provide some suggestions for alternative paths.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/1142/thumbnail.jp

Measures of tuna abundance from purse-seine operations in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, adjusted for fleet-wide evolution of increased fishing power, 1960-1971

ENGLISH: The fishing power of the tuna purse-seine fleet of the eastern Pacific Ocean has increased since the early 1960's. Because the entire fleet seems to have adopted equipment and techniques to increase its efficiency in capturing tunas, traditional methods of adjusting catch rates to a reference vessel type of fixed efficiency to index tuna abundance from fishing success are inapplicable. Instead, a methodology for such adjustment based on a mathematical representation of purse seining activities is developed. Observed changes in efficiency in subprocesses of purse seining are then used to adjust catch rates when computing abundance histories for yellowfin and skipjack in large regions of the eastern Pacific Ocean. SPANISH: La eficacia de pesca de la flota de cerco atunera en el Océano Pacífico oriental ha aumentado desde el comienzo del decenio de 1960. Como toda la flota parece haber adoptado equipo y métodos para incrementar su eficaciaen capturar atunes, no se pueden aplicar los métodos tradicionales de ajustar los índices de captura a un tipo normalizado de barco (es decir de eficacia fija) para indicar la abundancia del atún según los resultados de pesca. En su lugar se ha desarrollado un método para realizar tal ajuste basado en una representación matemática de las actividades de las embarcaciones de cerco. Cuando se calcula la abundancia histórica del atún aleta amarilla y barrilete en grandes regiones del Océano Pacífico oriental, se usan entonces los cambios observados en la eficacia de los subprocesos cerqueros para ajustar los índices de captura. (PDF contains 120 pages.

IMPLEMENTASI CHALLENGE RESPONSE AUTHENTICATION MECHANISM (CRAM) UNTUK KEAMANAN TRANSAKSI PERANGKAT IoT

This research aims to secure data transaction in Internet of Things (IoT)devices using the challenge-response authentication mechanism (CRAM). The research choose uses ESP 8266 and ESP 32 to develop the system for their ability to run micropython programming language. Using a random challenge to grant authentication protects the system from replay attack from intruders. In each authentication process, the client receives a 10 digit random number to be encrypted using a shared key and sent back to the server. The server then checks if the client posses the correct key by decrypting the encrypted challenge using the same shared key. Access is granted if the decryption result is equal to the original challenge

KUALITAS SINYAL DAN KINERJA JARINGAN DATA ANTAR LORA GATEWAY RFM95

Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis kualitas sinyal dan kinerja jaringan data antar LoRa gateway RFM95 dalam kondisi Line Of Sight. Posisi antar pemancar dan penerima saat pengukuran berada pada jarak 100 m, 200 m, 500 m dan 700 m menggunakan antenna gain 2 dB dan daya pancar 10 dbm. Perubahan Spreading Factor diterapkan untuk mendapatkan parameter-parameter yang mempengaruhi kinerja sistem LoRa yaitu antara lain RSSI terhadap jarak, SNR terhadap jarak, Packet Delivery Ratio terhadap jarak, Delay terhadap jarak, Delay terhadap panjang paket dan perbandingan perhitungan transmission delay terhadap hasil pengukuran delay. Hasil pengujian memberikan informasi bahwa RSSI menurun terhadap jarak sedangkan Spreading Factor tidak terlalu mempengaruhi RSSI. Parameter lainnya yaitu SNR dipengaruhi oleh jarak, kondisi noise pada kanal area pengukuran dan Spreading Factor. Packet Delivery Ratio menurun ketika jarak bertambah tetapi dengan menggunakan SF 9 menunjukan hasil yang lebih bagus dibandingkan dengan menggunakan SF 7, terlihat pada jarak 700m dengan SF 9 mempunyai PDR 76% sedangkan dengan SF 7 mempunyai PDR 44%. Delay dipengaruhi oleh panjang paket dan penggunaan SF9 menghasilkan delay yang lebih besar daripada SF 7 terlihat pada jarak 700m dengan SF9 menghasilkan delay 0.996678 s dan SF 7 menghasilkan delay 0.060945s&nbsp

A generalized stock production model

(PDF contains 83 pages.

Penggunaan Microsoft Excel untuk Kemudahan Pengolahan Data Nilai Hasil Belajar Siswa

Abstrak   Penggunaan sistem komputerisasi sangat dibutuhkan karena dapat mempermudah dan mempercepat pekerjaan manusia. Tetapi tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa ketrampilan menggunakan teknologi tidak serta merta meningkat, hal ini dialami oleh guru di SDK St. Arnoldus Penfui dimana masih minimnya ketrampilan dalam mengoperasikan dan memanfaatkan aplikasi Microsoft Excel, sementara aplikasi tersebut dapat membantu memudahkan pekerjaan mengolah angka, maupun teks untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar siswa yang sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut, dibuatlah kegiatan pengabdian “PKM Pemanfaatan Microsoft Excel untuk Menunjang Proses Belajar Mengajar pada SDK St. Arnoldus Penfui Kupang”. Adapun metodologi pelaksanaan kegiatan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat adalah sebagai berikut tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan kegiatan dengan metode pelatihan dan pendampingan serta dilakukan evaluasi sebagai tolak ukur keberhasilan program. Kegiatan PKM dapat terlaksana dengan baik dengan pemberian materi (30%) dan praktek atau tutorial (70%) adapun materi yang diberikan adalah Pengenalan Microsoft Excel, Workbooks & Worksheets di Excel, Formula & Function di Excel, Conditional Formatting di Excel, Logical & Mathematical Function di Excel, Charts di Excel. Sementara luaran yang dicapai pada kegiatan ini adalah guru-guru SDK St. Arnoldus Penfui menjadi terampil dalam menggunakan microsoft excel untuk membuat rekapan absensi dan daftar nilai hasil belajar siswa. Abstract  A computerized system is needed because it can simplify and speed up human work. However, it is undeniable that the skills to use technology do not increase immediately. Teachers experience this at SDK St. Arnold Penfui, where there is still a lack of skills in operating and utilizing Microsoft Excel applications, while these applications can help facilitate the work of processing numbers, as well as texts to describe student learning outcomes by the 2013 curriculum—supporting the Teaching and Learning Process at SDK St. Arnold Penfui Kupang". The methodology for implementing Community Partnership Program activities is as follows: preparation stage, implementation of activities using training and mentoring methods, and evaluation as a measure of program success. PKM activities can be carried out well by providing materials (30%) and practice or tutorials (70%) while the material provided is Introduction to Microsoft Excel, Workbooks & Worksheets in Excel, Formulas & Functions in Excel, Conditional Formatting in Excel, Logical & Mathematical Functions in Excel, Charts in Excel. While the outcomes achieved in this activity are the SDK St. Arnoldus Penfui became skilled in using Microsoft Excel to make attendance records and lists of student learning outcome

PENGGUNAAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM UNTUK PENINGKATAN PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE BAGI GURU-GURU UPTD SMPN 11 KUPANG

ABSTRAKKompetensi dan keahlian dalam menggunakan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) sangat penting terutama bagi tenaga pendidik seperti guru maupun dosen yang tugasnya sangat mulia yaitu untuk mencerdaskan kehidupan anak bangsa. Persoalan yang dihadapi oleh guru-guru pada UPTD SMP Negeri 11 Kota Kupang adalah belum memanfaatkan aplikasi google classroom dalam melakukan Pendidikan Jarak Jauh (PJJ) selama masa pandemic dengan efektif agar proses Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar (KBM) dapat tetap dilaksanakan, dengan memanfaatkan fitur-fitur yang tersedia seperti memudahkan pengajar dan murid untuk berinteraksi baik di dalam sekolah maupun di luar sekolah, penghematan kertas (paperless) dan waktu. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut, maka dibuatlah kegiatan pengabdian dengan judul “Pelatihan Google Classroom bagi Guru-Guru UPTD SMP Negeri 11 Kota Kupang”. Adapun tahapan yang digunakan adalah melalui tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan kegiatan dengan metode pelatihan dan pendampingan. Kegiatan dapat berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien hal ini dibuktikan dengan antusias peserta yang mengikuti pelatihan dengan mendapatkan semua materi yang sudah dipersiapkan dan sesuai dengan jadwal yang sudah ditetapkan. Pendampingan secara online melalui grup whatsapp yang telah dibentuk, dengan tujuan untuk kedalaman pemahaman materi melalui pemberian tugas serta diskusi dan sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab moril. Kegiatan PKM ini sangat diapresiasi oleh para peserta dengan mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan dari awal sampai akhir..Kata kunci: google classroom; pembelajaran; online; guru-guru. ABSTRACTCompetence and expertise in using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are very important, especially for educators such as teachers and lecturers whose very noble task is to educate the lives of the nation's children. The problem faced by teachers at UPTD SMP Negeri 11 Kupang City is that they have not used the google classroom application in conducting Distance Education (PJJ) during the pandemic effectively so that the Teaching and Learning Activities (KBM) process can continue to be implemented, by utilizing the features such as making it easier for teachers and students to interact both inside and outside school, saving paper (paperless) and time. Based on these reasons, a service activity was made with the title "Google Classroom Training for UPTD Teachers at SMP Negeri 11 Kupang City". The stages used are through the preparation stage, implementation of activities with training and mentoring methods. Activities can run effectively and efficiently, this is evidenced by the enthusiasm of the participants who participated in the training by getting all the materials that had been prepared and according to the schedule that had been set. Online assistance through WhatsApp groups has been formed, with the aim of deepening understanding of the material through assignments and discussions and as a form of moral responsibility. This PKM activity was highly appreciated by the participants by participating in training activities from beginning to end. Keywords: google classroom; learning; online; teachers.

IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA RIVEST CODE 6 (RC6) DAN STEGANOGRAFI LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT (LSB) UNTUK KEAMANAN DATA CITRA DIGITAL

Penelitian ini menggabungkan algoritma Rivest Code 6 (RC6) dan metode Least Significant Bit (LSB). RC6 merupakan algoritma kriptografi asimetris dimana kunci pada sisi pengirim maupun penerima sama. LSB merupakan metode yang menyisipkan setiap bit informasi ke dalam 1 byte gambar. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem berjalan baik dengan menghasilkan waktu komputasi yang dipengaruhi oleh ukuran citra. Semakin besar ukuran citra maka semakin lama waktu komputasinya. Citra asli dan citra keluaran yang didapatkan sama (MSE=0). Citra wadah sebelum dan sesudah penyisipan mendapat MSE terbesar 0.0488 dan PSNR terkecil 141.021 dB. Kombinasi algoritma RC6 dan metode LSB dapat bertahan terhadap noise salt and pepper pada rentang density 0.01-0.1 dengan MSE 7.904,28-24.614,1 dan PSNR 9,89dB- 21,50dB. Persentase keberhasilan proses ekstraksi dan dekripsi berada pada rentang 24%-96%.  Perbedaan nilai MSE, PSNR dan persentase keberhasilan proses ekstraksi ditentukan oleh karakteristik citra data. Kerapatan piksel berbanding lurus dengan tingkat ketahanannya terhadap noise

Stock Composition of Some Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, Catches in Southeast Alaska, Based on Incidence of Allozyme Variants, Freshwater Ages, and a Brain-Tissue Parasite

The incidence of four discrete characters of individual sockeye salmon -two genetically inherited proteins (PGM-1*and PGM-2*), freshwater age at migration, and the presence of the brain-tissue parasite Myxobolus arcticus-in weekly samples from two Alaskan fisheries (Noyes Island in 1986 and Sumner Strait in 1987) were used to infer stock composition of the catches based on corresponding character samples from 73 Alaskan and Canadian stocks. Estimated contributions of 13 stock groups, formed on the basis of character similarity of their members, were roughly consistent with expectations from tagging experiments, knowledge of stock magnitudes, and similar assessments from scales. Imprecision of the estimated contributions by the 13 stock groups limited their practical value; but variability was much reduced for combined estimated contributions by two inclusive categories, namely stock groups whose members had either high or low brainparasite prevalence. Noyes Island catches consisted predominantly of unparasitized fish, most of which were probably of Canadian origin. The majority of Sumner Strait catches consisted of parasitized fish, whose freshwater origins may have been in Alaska or Canada. (PDF file contains 27 pages.