EFFECT OF SOME PRO AND PREBIOTICS ON FATTY ACID AND ORGANIC ACID COMPOSITION OF SYMBIOTIC GOAT CHEESE

WOS: 000431926200011The effects of probiotic cultures including Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei and prebiotics including inulin, oligofructose and their blends on fatty acid and organic acid compositions of goat-milk white cheese were examined throughout 90-day storage period. Goat-milk cheeses were produced in an industrial plant following the standard production procedure for white cheeses, with some modifications. The highest value of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in experimental cheeses were found be palmitic acid (C16) and oleic acid (C18: 1) respectively. The most abundant organic acid among all experimental samples was lactic acid whereas the lowest one was acetic acid. The results indicated that the probiotic culture type and the percentage of prebiotic added to goat milk effected fatty and organic acid contents of goat-milk white cheeses at different levels.Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG 106O763]We would like to express our gratitude for the financial support of this work to The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey Project Number: TOVAG 106O763

Sustainable Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes to Anilines with Highly Active In-Situ Generated Copper Nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are usually stabilized by a capping agent, a surfactant, or a support material, to maintain their integrity. However, these strategies can impact their intrinsic catalytic activity. Here, we demonstrate that the in-situ formation of copper NPs (Cu0NPs) upon the reduction of the earth-abundant Jacquesdietrichite mineral with ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) can provide an alternative solution for stability issues. During the formation of Cu0NPs, hydrogen gas is released from AB, and utilized for the reduction of nitroarenes to their corresponding anilines, at room temperature and under ambient pressure. After the nitroarene-to-aniline conversion is completed, regeneration of the mineral occurs upon the exposure of Cu0NPs to air. Thus, the hydrogenation reaction can be performed multiple times without the loss of the Cu0NPs’ activity. As a proof-of-concept, the hydrogenation of drug molecules “flutamide” and “nimesulide” was also performed and isolated their corresponding amino-compounds in high selectivity and yield. </div

Sustainable Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes to Anilines with Highly Active in-situ Generated Copper Nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are usually stabilized by a capping agent, a surfactant, or a support material, to maintain their integrity. However, these strategies can impact their intrinsic catalytic activity. Here, we demonstrate that the in-situ formation of copper NPs (Cu(0)NPs) upon the reduction of the earth-abundant Jacquesdietrichite mineral with ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) can provide an alternative solution for stability issues. During the formation of Cu(0)NPs, hydrogen gas is released from AB, and utilized for the reduction of nitroarenes to their corresponding anilines, at room temperature and under ambient pressure. After the nitroarene-to-aniline conversion is completed, regeneration of the mineral occurs upon the exposure of Cu(0)NPs to air. Thus, the hydrogenation reaction can be performed multiple times without the loss of the Cu(0)NPs' activity. As a proof-of-concept, the hydrogenation of drug molecules "flutamide" and "nimesulide" was also performed and their corresponding amino-compounds were isolated in high selectivity and yield

Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of Soymilk Kefir

WOS: 000298926000022The physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characterization of kefir samples produced from cow/soy milk mixtures was carried out during storage at refrigerated conditions. Gross composition of samples was very closely related except lactose contents. Tyrosine levels of kefirs were also very similar. Leucine contents were increased with the raised soymilk ratio. Serum separation increased during storage for all samples. The lowest viscosity value was obtained when the soymilk were mixed to cow milk in a ratio of 50:50. Lactic acid was the highest one among the other organic acids. Microbiological population was not affected with addition of soymilk significantly. Generally sensory scores decreased with increasing soymilk ratio

Improving Gas Separation Performance of ZIF‑8 by [BMIM][BF₄] Incorporation: Interactions and Their Consequences on Performance

Gas separation performance of the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) was improved by incorporating an ionic liquid (IL), 1-<i>n</i>-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]­[BF₄]). Detailed characterization based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the morphology of ZIF-8 remains intact upon IL incorporation up to 28 wt %. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the presence of direct interactions between the IL and metal organic framework (MOF). FTIR spectroscopy illustrated that the anion of the IL was shared between the imidazolate framework and [BMIM]⁺ cation. Adsorption isotherms of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ measured for pristine ZIF-8 and IL-loaded ZIF-8 samples, complemented by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations, showed that these interactions influence the gas uptake performance of ZIF-8. CH₄ and N₂ uptakes decreased in the whole pressure range, while CO₂ uptake first increased by approximately 9% at 0.1 bar in 20 wt % IL-loaded sample and then decreased as in the case of other gases. As a result of these changes in gas uptakes occurring at different extents, the corresponding CO₂/CH₄, CO₂/N₂, and CH₄/N₂ selectivities were enhanced especially at the low-pressure regime upon IL incorporation. Results showed that CO₂/CH₄ selectivity increased from 2.2 to 4; while CO₂/N₂ selectivity more than doubled from 6.5 to 13.3, and CH₄/N₂ selectivity improved from 3 to 3.4 at 0.1 bar at an IL loading of 28 wt %. The heat of adsorption values (<i>Q</i>_st) measured and simulated for each gas on each sample indicated that interactions between the IL and ZIF-8 strongly influence the gas adsorption behaviors. The change in <i>Q</i>_st of CO₂ upon IL incorporation was more significant than that of other gases, leading to an almost doubling of CO₂ selectivity over CH₄ and N₂, specifically at low pressures. On the other hand, the selectivity improvement was lost at high pressures because of a strong decrease in the available pore space due to the presence of IL in ZIF-8. These results suggest that such IL/MOF combinations with tunable structures have huge potential toward high performance gas separation applications

Toward Optimal Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Water Using Pyrene-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for the photocatalytic H-2 evolution reaction (HER) from water. To find the optimal MOF for a photocatalytic HER, one has to consider many different factors. For example, studies have emphasized the importance of light absorption capability, optical band gap, and band alignment. However, most of these studies have been carried out on very different materials. In this work, we present a combined experimental and computation study of the photocatalytic HER performance of a set of isostructural pyrene-based MOFs (M-TBAPy, where M = Sc, Al, Ti, and In). We systematically studied the effects of changing the metal in the node on the different factors that contribute to the HER rate (e.g., optical properties, the band structure, and water adsorption). In addition, for Sc-TBAPy, we also studied the effect of changes in the crystal morphology on the photocatalytic HER rate. We used this understanding to improve the photocatalytic HER efficiency of Sc-TBAPy, to exceed the one reported for Ti-TBAPy, in the presence of a co-catalyst

Discovery of a self-healing catalyst for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane

Sustainable catalysts based on earth-abundant elements are considered as economical alternatives to precious-metal-bearing catalysts and could be impactful for many applications. Self-healing sustainable catalysts, which in addition to their 'green' characteristic can spontaneously repair themselves without the need of applying heat, pressure or electrochemical bias, are particularly desirable for numerous large-scale chemical processes. Herein, we present the discovery of such a catalyst, named SION-X, for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3). SION-X, with the chemical formula of CuII2[(BO)(OH)(2)](OH)(3), is the synthetic form of the mineral Jacquesdietrichite and, following in situ reduction, catalyzes the release of almost all 3 equivalents of hydrogen (H-2) from 1 equivalent of AB. During the reaction, the Cu-II ions in SION-X are reduced to Cu-0 nanoparticles, and after the reaction, following exposure to air, they are oxidized re-forming SION-X. As a consequence, the catalytic activity of SION-X toward the production of H-2 from AB remains unchanged over many cycles. The self-healing catalysis of SION-X in the absence of any extra energy input gives a new perspective in heterogeneous catalysis for energy-related applications

Towards optimal photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water using pyrene-based metal-organic frameworks

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (HER) from water. To find the optimal MOF for a photocatalytic HER one has to consider many different factors. For example, studies have emphasized the importance of light absorption capability, optical band gap and band alignment. However, most of these studies have been carried on very different materials. In this work, we present a combined experimental and computation study of the photocatalytic HER performance, of a set of isostructural pyrene-based MOFs (M-TBAPy, where M = Sc, Al, Ti, and In). We systematically studied the effects of changing the metal in the node on the different factors that contribute to the HER rate (e.g., optical properties, the band structure, water adsorption). In addition, for Sc-TBAPy we also studied the effect of changes in crystal morphology on the photocatalytic HER rate. We used this understanding to improve photocatalytic HER efficiency of Sc-TBAPy, to exceed the one reported for Ti-TBAPy, in the presence of co-catalyst

[BMIM][PF₆] Incorporation Doubles CO₂ Selectivity of ZIF-8: Elucidation of Interactions and Their Consequences on Performance

Experiments were combined with atomically detailed simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the effect of incorporation of an ionic liquid (IL), 1-<i>n</i>-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]­[PF₆]), into a metal organic framework (MOF with a zeolitic imidazolate framework), ZIF-8, on the CO₂ separation performance. The interactions between [BMIM]­[PF₆] and ZIF-8 were examined in deep detail, and their consequences on CO₂/CH₄, CO₂/N₂, and CH₄/N₂ separation have been elucidated by using experimental measurements complemented by DFT calculations and atomically detailed simulations. Results suggest that IL-MOF interactions strongly affect the gas affinity of materials at low pressure, whereas available pore volume plays a key role for gas adsorption at high pressures. Direct interactions between IL and MOF lead to at least a doubling of CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ selectivities of ZIF-8. These results provide opportunities for rational design and development of IL-incorporated MOFs with exceptional selectivity for target gas separation applications