Utjecaj parodontološke terapije na C-reaktivni protein i parodontne patogene kod pacijenata s parodontopatijom

Objective: Recent epidemiological studies have shown that individuals with periodontitis have significantly increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Although the mechanism responsible for the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular events is not fully understood, it is hypothesized that the removal of infection and inflammatory burden of periodontitis by therapy would be accompanied by a decrease in levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein and a decreased risk of coronary heart disease. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the presence of chronic periodontitis and periodontal pathogens and subsequent periodontal treatment could influence the serum levels of C-reactive protein in a Serbian cohort. Material and Methods: Fifty adults with moderate to severe periodontitis who underwent complete mouth disinfection were evaluated to determine if periodontal therapy would result in decreased periodontal infammation and lower serum levels of an inflammatory marker. Subjects underwent measuring of periodontal disease severity and serum C-reactive protein, and periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) at the time of the baseline visit and again 6 and 12 months after treatment. Serum levels CRP were also obtained from 25 subjects without periodontitis in a control group. Results: The levels of CRP in the serum seemed not to be lower than those reported in other population in Western European countries. There were significant changes in clinical periodontal values, CRP levels and presence of periodontal pathogens when baseline values were compared to those taken after periodontal treatment completion. Conclusion: The obtained results confirm the hypothesis that periodontal therapy may contribute to elimination of periodontal inflammation and periodontal pathogens, and reduce serum level of CRP. Periodontitis may contribute to the systemic inflammatory burden of affected individuals since it was shown that periodontal therapy may decrease presence of periodontal pathogens and inflammatory markers

The Mechanisms of Morphological-Motor Functioning in Elementary School Female First- to Fourth-Graders

Four morphological and 7 motor variables were assessed in a sample of 2,235 female children (subdivided into 4 groups) aged 7–11 years, elementary school first- to fourthgraders from the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Republic of Croatia. The study objective was to analyze the morphological-motor structures according to age. Factor analysis was done for each of the four subject groups. Results clearly showed the morphological-motor functioning of the girls to change with age. Developmental processes lead to the formation of a general morphological factor defined as ectomesomorph and two general mechanisms responsible for motor efficiency in the form of strength regulation and speed regulation. The results obtained were found to be consistent with the existing relevant models related to the morphological, motor, functional and cognitive systems. The more so, these results allow for a supramodel to design, which will integrate relevant elements of all these models to define the function of the body as a whole

Effects of the platelet rich plasma on apexogenesis in young monkeys: Radiological and hystologycal evaluation

Platelet-reach plasma (PRP) is an attractive tool in regenerative medicine due to its ability to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Since dental pulp derived stem cells are recognized as central in apexogenesis, the aim of the study was to evaluate radiologically and histologically effects of PRP on apexogenesis in teeth with immature roots. The study included eight monkeys (Cercopithecus Aethiops) divided in two equal groups for evaluation 3 and 12 months after treatment. All participants obtained the same treatment including pulpotomy and after-treatment with: hydroxiapatite (HA)-incisor and HA+canine PRP. Radiological evaluation was performed using the long cone paralleling technique for recording of defined parameters and histological evaluation was performed using tissue removed en block for the observation of parameters related to apexogenesis. The results obtained radiologically and histologically have shown increase in bridge formation in HA+PRP (75%) group after 3 months comparing to HA group (50%). Contrary to that, after 12 months there were no significant differences between groups. The root delay was not registered in the HA+PRP group contrary to HA group where it was registered in 25% after 12 months. Results of the study suggest that PRP is a powerful tool for intensive and rapid apexogenesis since it offers clear and comprehensive results (mostly in the first three months) which are early radiologically visible without any failure in the proposed requests

Evaluation of ergonomic risks during dental work

Aim: The purpose was to assess ergonomic risk level in dentistry, which may contribute to manifestation of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Methods and Materials: The study included ten dentists, postgraduate students, mean age (33 ± 3.4). Participants were asked to perform typical dental examination in standing and sitting positions. The surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded during dental work from both left and right shoulder muscles: descendent trapezius muscle (T); back muscles: erector spinae muscle (ES); and neck muscles: sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and splenius capitis muscle (SC). Results: High muscles forces, greater than 21% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), which could be indicative of high risk, particularly occurred in muscles SC on both sides of the body in the sitting position. The medium risk level occurred in the same muscles on both sides in standing position. Left and right T muscles were under medium ergonomic risk level in both, sitting and standing working positions. SCM muscles on the left and right side of the body in both working positions were under low risk level, lower than 10% of the MVC. In sitting position, medium risk level occurred in ES muscles on both body sides, while in standing position the risk was low. Conclusion: Dentists are exposed to ergonomic risk. By combining both sitting and standing position the risk can be reduced

Assessment of risk factors and preventive measures and their relations to work-related musculoskeletal pain among dentists

BACKGROUND: Dentists have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal (MS) pain, which is the most common symptom associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). To overcome this problem, identification of the risk factors and preventive measures for MS pain are of paramount importance to dentists in order to improve their quality of life and work. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to recognize the risk factors for MS pain and their impact on dental work, as well as to identify preventive measures of MS pain among dentists. METHODS: Self-reporting questionnaire consisting of 78 questions was exclusively developed for the study and sent to 500 working active dentists in Serbia. RESULTS: Response rate was 71.2% (356 dentists). The prevalence of MS pain was 82.6% among dentists. The main risk factors for MS pain were advanced age, female dentists, presence of chronic diseases, long working hours, and high frequency of treated patients. The most effective preventive measures in preventing MS pain were massage treatments and physical activities. Followed by use of ergonomically designed equipment, correct and dynamic working positions, and an adequate workflow organization. CONCLUSION: The risk factors for MS pain and their impact on dental work should widely be disseminated among dentists. Importantly, proper implementation in everyday life of adequate preventive measures is essential for preventing MS pain and development of WMSDs

Ergonomics problems in dental profession-dentists working position

Background/Aim: Dental professionals are under higher risk of development musculoskeletal disorders. Working in unnatural position is one of the main risk factor for the development of MSDs. The aim of study was to record inclinations of the back in dentists during typically dental work. Material and Methods: In order to monitor the inclination of the body, high-performance sensor systems, triaxial digital 12-bit accelerometers LIS3LV02 (SGS-Thomson Microelectronics, USA) were installed. The inclination of the body was measured in ten dentists, while performing dental work. Results: During dental work in a sitting position, sloping back more than 20 ̊ was during 74% of the time, while during standing 62% of the time. The participants performed the dental examination sloping to the left side. During sitting, the inclination to the left side was greater than 20 ̊ during 65% of the time, while during work in the standing position it was 50%. Conclusions: An inclination of the back, more than 20 degrees is state as one of the main risk factor for the development of MSD. Inclination of the dentist's body in antero-posterior and medio-lateral direction during daily work in standing as well in sitting position was greater than 20 degrees. According to those facts dentists are under risk of developing musculoskeletal diseases during their daily working procedure. According to that ergonomics in dentistry is an area of research that needs more attention. The implementation of ergonomic principles in usual dental work leads to increased work performance, greater satisfaction, efficiency and productivit

Uloga biohemijskih markera u predviđanju ishoda teško obolelih covid-19 pacijenata primljenih na jedinicu intenzivnog lečenja

Background: The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a multi-system disease caused by a diffuse systemic process involving a complex interaction of the inflammatory, immunological and coagulative cascades. This study aims to identify the most effective biomarkers to predict poor outcome in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Methods: A single-centre retrospective observational study enrolled 69 deceased and 20 recovered patients treated in the ICU of the General Hospital Gradiska in the period from March 1, 2021. until April 1, 2022. We evaluated the leukocytes (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), neutrophils (NEU), platelets (PLT), haemoglobin, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). In addition, we evaluated the IL-6, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer, magnesium, bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase. Results: Between deceased and recovered patients on admission to the ICU, there was a significant differencebetween the following parameters: WBC x10 9/L 11.50 (8.86–14.75) vs. 9.40 (5.90–11.90), p =0.026 ; NEU x10 9 /L 10.15 (7.81–12.74) vs. 8.60 (4.80–10.30) p=0.022 ; NLR 15.01 (10.60–24.33) vs. 9.45 (5.10– 14.90) p=0.02 ; SII 3712 (2240–6543) vs. 1949 (993–3720) p=0.003 . The magnesium level increased significantly over time in the patients who died, while the haemoglobin level and platelet count decreased. ROC analysis showed the following AUC values: WBC 0.774; NEU 0.781; NLR 0.786; SII 0.776; D-dimer 0.741, and bilirubin 0.713. Conclusion: In this retrospective study WBC, NEU, NLR, SII, D-dimer, and bilirubin determined at hospital admission had a high value in predicting death among patients with severe COVID-19.Uvod: Pandemija teškog akutnog respiratornog sindroma koronavirusa 2 (SARS-CoV-2) je multisistemska bolest izazvana difuznim sistemskim procesom koji uključuje kompleksne interakcije inflamatornih, imunoloških i koagulacionih kaskadnih procesa. Cilj ove studije je da utvrdi najefikasnije biomarkere u proceni lošeg ishoda pacijenata u jedinici intenzivne nege (ICU) obolelih od teškog oblika bolesti COVID-19. Metode: Retrospektivna opservaciona studija je uključivala 69 preminulih i 20 preživelih pacijenata lečenih u ICU u Opštoj bolnici Gradiška u periodu od 01.03.2021. do 01.04.2022. godine. Procenjivane su vrednosti leukocita (WBC), limfocita (LYM), neutrofila (NEU), trombocita (PLT), hemoglobina, odnosa neutrofila i limfocita (NLR), odnosa trom bocita i limfocita (PLR), sistemskog inflama tornog indeksa (SII). Takođe, procenjivane su vrednosti inter leukina6, feritina, CRP, D-dimera, magnezijuma, bilirubina i aktivnost laktat dehidrogenaze. Rezultati: Prilikom prijema pacijenata u ICU postojala je značajna razlika u vrednostima sledećih parametara između preminulih i preživelih pacijenata: WBC x 109/L 11,50 (8,86-14,75) prema (vs.) 9,40 (5,90-11,90), p=0,026; NEU x109/L 10,15 (7,81-12,74) vs. 8,60 (4,80-10,30) p=0,022; NLR 15,01 (10,60-24,33) vs. 9,45 (5,10-14,90) p=0,02; SII 3712 (2240-6543) vs. 1949 (993-3720) p=0,003. Takođe, tokom vremena koncentracija magnezijuma je značajno rasla u grupi preminulih pacijenata, dok je koncentracija hemoglobina i broj trombocita opadao. ROC analiza je pokazala sledeće AUC vrednosti: WBC 0,774; NEU 0,781; NLR 0,786; SII 0,776; D-dimer 0,741 i bilirubin 0,713. Zaključak: U ovoj retrospektivnoj studiji WBC, NEU, NLR, SII, D-dimer i bilirubin, određeni pri prijemu u ICU, su imali visoku vrednost u predviđanju smrti između pacijenata s teškim COVID-19.

Evaluacija ergonomskih faktora u stomatološkom radu i procena faktora rizika

Introduction. A large numbers of studies indicate that work related diseases; mostly musculo-skeletal disorders are very frequent among dental professionals. That can be explained by the fact that dental profession is very demanding, involves providing assistance to the patients in a specific work environment. During daily work dentist are fully committed to their patients, in order to offer them professional and quality service and support. At the same time they often neglect themselves, or body position, attitude, habits during the work. It all could have implications on their health. It is very hard for the dentist to find the optimal body posture during their work. Inadequate dentist's working posture is the highest risk factor for development of muskuloskeletal disorders. Suggestions regarding the preferred position for dental work are changing together with the development of dentistry and dental equipment. Development of the sitting position in dentistry was an attempt to eliminate discomfort and fatigue. Unfortunately, the seated working position has not reduced muskuloskeletal disorders in dentistry, and optimal working positions are still topic of discussion. Those facts indicate that dental ergonomics as very young science presents the focus of interests of many professionals. Dental ergonomics is an adaptation of the work environment and working methods of dentist and other members of the team, with full respect of their physical and mental capacities, in order to perform professional activities in healthy, safe and comfortable way. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the muscle activity of the neck, shoulders and back muscles, during dental examination in sitting and standing dentist's work position, to determine when occurrence of pain begin among dentists during their career, investigate the prevalence of pain during dental work among population of dentists, as well as to identify preventive measures. Material and methods. In order to solve the objectives, the research was realized in two segments. Specially designed questionnaires by the researchers were used in the study...Uvod.Veliki broj studija u svetu govori u prilog tome da su bolesti u vezi sa radom, u prvom redu mišićno-skeletna oboljenja, veoma česta u populaciji stomatologa. Uzrok tome može se naći u činjenici da je stomatološka profesija veoma zahtevna, podrazumeva pružanje pomoći pacijentima u specifičnom radnom okruženju. Stomatolozi inkorporiraju svoje stavove, vrednosti, ponašanje da bi radili u najboljem interesu pacijenta, i postavljaju pacijenta na prvo mesto. Istovremeno često zanemaruju sebe, odnosno položaj tela, stav, navike tokom rada. To sve može imati posledice na opšte zdravlje samih stomatologa. Uvođenjem sedeće radne pozicije, kao i naprednim razvojem opreme, nije se doprinelo redukciji učestalosti mišićno-skeletnog bola kod stomatologa. Optimalna radna pozicija u stomatologiji je i dalje tema istraživanja. Navedene činjenice govore u prilog tome da se dentalna ergonomija kao mlada nauka sve više razvija, i biva predmet sve većeg interesovanja profesionalaca širom sveta. Dentalna ergonomija kroz adaptaciju radnog okruženja i metoda rada omogućava stomatologu i ostalim članovima tima, zdravo, bezbedno i komforno obavljanje njihove profesionalne aktivnosti, uz poštovanje njihovih fizičkih i psihičkih kapaciteta. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se odredi mišićna aktivnost mišića vrata, ramena i leđa tokom stomatološkog pregleda u sedećoj i stajaćoj radnoj poziciji, da se odredi kada tokom radnog veka počinje da se javlja MS bol tokom stomatološkog rada, kao jedan od prvih simptoma bolesti u vezi sa radom, da se ispita učestalost MS bola koji se javlja u različitim regijama tela, kao simptoma bolesti u vezi sa radom, tokom rada kod stomatologa, kao i da se da se odrede preventivne mere. Materijal i metode. Za rešavanje postavljenih ciljeva, istraživanje se realizovalo u dva pravca. Studijom u kojoj su korišćeni specijalno dizajnirani upitnici, su obuhvaćeni radno aktivni stomatolozi i privatnog i državnog sektora, koji žive i rade na teritoriji Srbije, kao i studenti završne godine Stomatološkog fakulteta. Dizajnirani upitnici su obuhvatili 78 pitanja koja su definisala: individualne karakteristike, socio-ekonomske faktore, metod i organizaciju rada, zadovoljstvo poslom, zdravstveno stanje stomatologa, prisustvo i lokalizaciju mišićno-skeletnih oboljenja, primenjen tretman i profilaktičke aktivnosti..

Evaluation of ergonomic factors in dental practice and assessment of risk factors

Uvod.Veliki broj studija u svetu govori u prilog tome da su bolesti u vezi sa radom, u prvom redu mišićno-skeletna oboljenja, veoma česta u populaciji stomatologa. Uzrok tome može se naći u činjenici da je stomatološka profesija veoma zahtevna, podrazumeva pružanje pomoći pacijentima u specifičnom radnom okruženju. Stomatolozi inkorporiraju svoje stavove, vrednosti, ponašanje da bi radili u najboljem interesu pacijenta, i postavljaju pacijenta na prvo mesto. Istovremeno često zanemaruju sebe, odnosno položaj tela, stav, navike tokom rada. To sve može imati posledice na opšte zdravlje samih stomatologa. Uvođenjem sedeće radne pozicije, kao i naprednim razvojem opreme, nije se doprinelo redukciji učestalosti mišićno-skeletnog bola kod stomatologa. Optimalna radna pozicija u stomatologiji je i dalje tema istraživanja. Navedene činjenice govore u prilog tome da se dentalna ergonomija kao mlada nauka sve više razvija, i biva predmet sve većeg interesovanja profesionalaca širom sveta. Dentalna ergonomija kroz adaptaciju radnog okruženja i metoda rada omogućava stomatologu i ostalim članovima tima, zdravo, bezbedno i komforno obavljanje njihove profesionalne aktivnosti, uz poštovanje njihovih fizičkih i psihičkih kapaciteta. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se odredi mišićna aktivnost mišića vrata, ramena i leđa tokom stomatološkog pregleda u sedećoj i stajaćoj radnoj poziciji, da se odredi kada tokom radnog veka počinje da se javlja MS bol tokom stomatološkog rada, kao jedan od prvih simptoma bolesti u vezi sa radom, da se ispita učestalost MS bola koji se javlja u različitim regijama tela, kao simptoma bolesti u vezi sa radom, tokom rada kod stomatologa, kao i da se da se odrede preventivne mere. Materijal i metode. Za rešavanje postavljenih ciljeva, istraživanje se realizovalo u dva pravca. Studijom u kojoj su korišćeni specijalno dizajnirani upitnici, su obuhvaćeni radno aktivni stomatolozi i privatnog i državnog sektora, koji žive i rade na teritoriji Srbije, kao i studenti završne godine Stomatološkog fakulteta. Dizajnirani upitnici su obuhvatili 78 pitanja koja su definisala: individualne karakteristike, socio-ekonomske faktore, metod i organizaciju rada, zadovoljstvo poslom, zdravstveno stanje stomatologa, prisustvo i lokalizaciju mišićno-skeletnih oboljenja, primenjen tretman i profilaktičke aktivnosti...Introduction. A large numbers of studies indicate that work related diseases; mostly musculo-skeletal disorders are very frequent among dental professionals. That can be explained by the fact that dental profession is very demanding, involves providing assistance to the patients in a specific work environment. During daily work dentist are fully committed to their patients, in order to offer them professional and quality service and support. At the same time they often neglect themselves, or body position, attitude, habits during the work. It all could have implications on their health. It is very hard for the dentist to find the optimal body posture during their work. Inadequate dentist's working posture is the highest risk factor for development of muskuloskeletal disorders. Suggestions regarding the preferred position for dental work are changing together with the development of dentistry and dental equipment. Development of the sitting position in dentistry was an attempt to eliminate discomfort and fatigue. Unfortunately, the seated working position has not reduced muskuloskeletal disorders in dentistry, and optimal working positions are still topic of discussion. Those facts indicate that dental ergonomics as very young science presents the focus of interests of many professionals. Dental ergonomics is an adaptation of the work environment and working methods of dentist and other members of the team, with full respect of their physical and mental capacities, in order to perform professional activities in healthy, safe and comfortable way. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the muscle activity of the neck, shoulders and back muscles, during dental examination in sitting and standing dentist's work position, to determine when occurrence of pain begin among dentists during their career, investigate the prevalence of pain during dental work among population of dentists, as well as to identify preventive measures. Material and methods. In order to solve the objectives, the research was realized in two segments. Specially designed questionnaires by the researchers were used in the study..

Evaluation of ergonomic factors in dental practice and assessment of risk factors

Uvod.Veliki broj studija u svetu govori u prilog tome da su bolesti u vezi sa radom, u prvom redu mišićno-skeletna oboljenja, veoma česta u populaciji stomatologa. Uzrok tome može se naći u činjenici da je stomatološka profesija veoma zahtevna, podrazumeva pružanje pomoći pacijentima u specifičnom radnom okruženju. Stomatolozi inkorporiraju svoje stavove, vrednosti, ponašanje da bi radili u najboljem interesu pacijenta, i postavljaju pacijenta na prvo mesto. Istovremeno često zanemaruju sebe, odnosno položaj tela, stav, navike tokom rada. To sve može imati posledice na opšte zdravlje samih stomatologa. Uvođenjem sedeće radne pozicije, kao i naprednim razvojem opreme, nije se doprinelo redukciji učestalosti mišićno-skeletnog bola kod stomatologa. Optimalna radna pozicija u stomatologiji je i dalje tema istraživanja. Navedene činjenice govore u prilog tome da se dentalna ergonomija kao mlada nauka sve više razvija, i biva predmet sve većeg interesovanja profesionalaca širom sveta. Dentalna ergonomija kroz adaptaciju radnog okruženja i metoda rada omogućava stomatologu i ostalim članovima tima, zdravo, bezbedno i komforno obavljanje njihove profesionalne aktivnosti, uz poštovanje njihovih fizičkih i psihičkih kapaciteta. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se odredi mišićna aktivnost mišića vrata, ramena i leđa tokom stomatološkog pregleda u sedećoj i stajaćoj radnoj poziciji, da se odredi kada tokom radnog veka počinje da se javlja MS bol tokom stomatološkog rada, kao jedan od prvih simptoma bolesti u vezi sa radom, da se ispita učestalost MS bola koji se javlja u različitim regijama tela, kao simptoma bolesti u vezi sa radom, tokom rada kod stomatologa, kao i da se da se odrede preventivne mere. Materijal i metode. Za rešavanje postavljenih ciljeva, istraživanje se realizovalo u dva pravca. Studijom u kojoj su korišćeni specijalno dizajnirani upitnici, su obuhvaćeni radno aktivni stomatolozi i privatnog i državnog sektora, koji žive i rade na teritoriji Srbije, kao i studenti završne godine Stomatološkog fakulteta. Dizajnirani upitnici su obuhvatili 78 pitanja koja su definisala: individualne karakteristike, socio-ekonomske faktore, metod i organizaciju rada, zadovoljstvo poslom, zdravstveno stanje stomatologa, prisustvo i lokalizaciju mišićno-skeletnih oboljenja, primenjen tretman i profilaktičke aktivnosti...Introduction. A large numbers of studies indicate that work related diseases; mostly musculo-skeletal disorders are very frequent among dental professionals. That can be explained by the fact that dental profession is very demanding, involves providing assistance to the patients in a specific work environment. During daily work dentist are fully committed to their patients, in order to offer them professional and quality service and support. At the same time they often neglect themselves, or body position, attitude, habits during the work. It all could have implications on their health. It is very hard for the dentist to find the optimal body posture during their work. Inadequate dentist's working posture is the highest risk factor for development of muskuloskeletal disorders. Suggestions regarding the preferred position for dental work are changing together with the development of dentistry and dental equipment. Development of the sitting position in dentistry was an attempt to eliminate discomfort and fatigue. Unfortunately, the seated working position has not reduced muskuloskeletal disorders in dentistry, and optimal working positions are still topic of discussion. Those facts indicate that dental ergonomics as very young science presents the focus of interests of many professionals. Dental ergonomics is an adaptation of the work environment and working methods of dentist and other members of the team, with full respect of their physical and mental capacities, in order to perform professional activities in healthy, safe and comfortable way. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the muscle activity of the neck, shoulders and back muscles, during dental examination in sitting and standing dentist's work position, to determine when occurrence of pain begin among dentists during their career, investigate the prevalence of pain during dental work among population of dentists, as well as to identify preventive measures. Material and methods. In order to solve the objectives, the research was realized in two segments. Specially designed questionnaires by the researchers were used in the study..