207 research outputs found

    Zones humides et marais d'eau douce

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    National audienceCet article d'ouvrage de deux pages développe des notions de base sur le fonctionnement, la dynamique et le devenir des zones humides et marais d'eau douce, dans le contexte du changement global et de l'anthropocène

    Caractérisation géomorphologique du chenal court-circuité de Poutès, haut Allier (France) : résultats préliminaires avant le démantèlement du barrage

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    International audienceIn the context of impact assessment related to the removal of the Poutès dam (upper Allier river, France), the geomorphology of the bypass channel was studied on the basis of geomorphological mapping and LIDAR Digital Elevation Modelling. Three major geomorphic units were identified: rapids/riffles, pools and bars. Morphometric variables were derived from the geomorphological study and were subject to a spatial analysis to identify upstream-downstream changes of the bypass channel characteristics. The study gives special attention to the size and position of rapids/riffles and pools in order to identify the impact of external controls on the spatial pattern of forms and fluvial geomorphology.Dans le cadre de l'étude d'impact liée au démantèlement du barrage de Poutès, la géomorphologie du tronçon court-circuité (TCC) a été étudiée sur la base d'une cartographie géomorphologique et de l'exploitation d'imagerie LIDAR. Trois principales unités géomorphologiques ont été identifiées : seuils/rapides, mouilles et bancs. Des variables morphométriques ont été dérivées de l'étude géomorphologique et ont fait l'objet d'une analyse spatiale afin d'identifier l'évolution amont-aval des caractéristiques du TCC. L’étude accorde une attention toute particulière aux dimensions et à la position des seuils/rapides et mouilles de manière à identifier l’incidence des contrôles externes sur l’agencement des formes et la géomorphologie fluviale

    Geomorphic and vegetation changes in a meandering dryland river regulated by alarge dam, Sauce Grande River, Argentina

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    International audienceThis paper investigates post-dam geomorphic and vegetation changes in the Sauce Grande River, a meandering dryland river impounded by a large water-conservation dam. As the dam impounds a river section with scarce influence of tributaries , sources for fresh water and sediment downstream are limited. Changes were inspected based on (i) analysis of historical photographs/imagery spanning pre-(1961) and post-dam (1981, 2004) channel conditions for two river segments located above and below the dam, and (ii) field survey of present channel conditions for a set of eight reference reaches along the river segments. Whilst the unregulated river exhibited active lateral migration with consequent adjustments of the channel shape and size, the river section below the dam was characterized by (i) marked planform stability (93 to 97%), and by (ii) vegetation encroachment leading to alternating yet localized contraction of the channel width (up to 30%). The present river displays a moribund, stable channel where (i) redistribution of sediment along the river course no longer occurs and (ii) channel forms constitute a remnant of a fluvial environment created before closing the dam, under conditions of higher energy. In addition to providing new information on the complex geomorphic response of dry-land rivers to impoundment, this paper represents the very first geomorphic assessment of the regulated Sauce Grande and therefore provides an important platform to underpin further research assessing the geomorphic state of this highly regulated dryland river

    Analyse de la Structure Morphologique des Cernes de Croissance et Détermination Des Âges de Deux Espèces Sahéliennes : Acacia Tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne Ssp. Raddiana (Savi) Brenan, Acacia Senegal (L.)Willd

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    La connaissance de la dendrochronologie des espèces sahĂ©liennes est très limitĂ©e. NĂ©anmoins, elle peut constituer une voie pour mieux amĂ©liorer la connaissance de la dynamique de croissances des espèces en zone sèche africaine. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  mieux connaitre la structure anatomique des cernes de croissances d’espèces sahĂ©liennes comme moyen de datation et d’estimation de l’âge des arbres et arbustes. Elle a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans la zone du Ferlo situĂ© au Nord du SĂ©nĂ©gal sur 14 et 12 rondelles de bois de Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne ssp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan, et de Acacia senegal (L.)Willd. Des mĂ©thodes d’identification et de datation des cernes ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es en vue d’étudier leur structure morpho-anatomiques des cernes et de dĂ©terminer l’âge des individus. Les cernes ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s et des photos Ă  très haute rĂ©solution (1200 dpi) ont Ă©tĂ© prises Ă  l'aide d'une loupe binoculaire Leica (M80) Ă©quipĂ©e d’une camĂ©ra digitale. Les photos prises ont Ă©tĂ© assemblĂ©es avec le logiciel Adobe Photoshop. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les deux espèces prĂ©sentent des cernes de croissances distinctes marquĂ©es par des cellules de parenchymes. Des corrĂ©lations statistiquement significatives comprises entre 0,33 Ă  0,82 ont ainsi Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©es entre les rayons d’un mĂŞme individu. Les âges estimĂ©s chez les Acacia raddiana sont compris entre 10 Ă  27 ans alors que les Acacia senegal paraissent plus âgĂ©s entre 13 Ă  35 ans. La lecture des cernes plus ou moins difficile chez les Acacias est liĂ©e Ă  la structure anatomique du bois dont les limites entre les cernes sont souvent cachĂ©es par des groupes de parenchymes. Cette Ă©tude contribue Ă  mettre en place des stratĂ©gies et des mĂ©thodes permettant de maitriser la dynamique de croissance de ces espèces afin de les valoriser. Knowledge of the dendrochonology of Sahelian species is very limited. However, dendrochronology may be a way of furthering the knowledge of the growth dynamics the African dry area species. The purpose of the study was to better understand the anatomical structure of the tress rings of the Sahelian species in order to determine the age and estimation of trees and shrubs. It was conducted out in the Ferlo, an area located in the north of Senegal, and focused on 14 and 12 wood slices of Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne ssp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan and from Acacia senegal (L.) Willd respectively. Identification and dating methods were used to study the morpho-anatomical structure of the ring and determine the age of individuals. The rings were identified and very high-resolution (1200 dpi) pictures taken with a Leica (M80) binocular magnifier equipped with a digital camera. Then the pictures were assembled with the Adobe Photoshop software.The results showed that both species had distinct growth rings with parenchymal cells. Significant correlations between 0.33 and 0.82 was then calculated between the radii of the same individual. Estimated ages of the Acacia raddiana ranged from 10 to 27 years, whereas the Acacia senegal seemed older white 13 to 35 years of age. The difficulty to read the rings of the Acacias is related to the anatomical structure of the wood because boundaries between dark circles are often hidden by parenchyma clusters. The study helps put in place strategies and methods which enable to control the growth dynamics of the species in order to valorize them. &nbsp
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