Research on bionic composite guidance law considering field of view angle

Due to the use of strapdown seeker in small missiles, a small field of view angle is required to ensure effective tracking and strike of the target during the final interception. Based on the tracking strategy of dragonfly chasing targets, a composite guidance law is studied. In the initial guidance section, the parallax angle is controlled by the sliding mode control law to adjust the missile to the tail following attitude. The final guidance section used the motion camouflage guidance law with the focus at infinity for target tracking,and between the initial guidance and the final guidance. The second-order smooth interface law is used for the transition. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional proportional guidance law, the required overload of the missile in the final guidance is small,and the target is closer to the center of the field of view, which can reduce the missile in the final guidance. The overload and the field of view of the seeker can be used to effectively improve the attack accuracy

Clinical evaluation and management of badminton-related eye injuries: a retrospective case series

Abstract Background To describe the clinical features, visual outcomes, management, and complications of ocular injury in badminton and investigate risk factors associated with visual impairment. Methods Data on patients injured while playing badminton admitted to Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University between January 2018 to December 2020.The relationship between visual acuity (VA) and demographic and clinical variables was also analyzed. Patients were managed medically or surgically as per their needs, followed up for at least 18 months. The visual outcomes were predicted using ocular trauma score (OTS), predicted outcomes were compared with actual outcomes using statistical tests. Results This study involved 102 patients (78 men, 24 women) with a mean age of 43.8 ± 16.1 years (7–71 years). Of these, 93 patients had closed-globe injuries and 9 had open-globe injuries. Vision-threatening findings included lens subluxation(31.4%),retinal detachment(13.7%),hyphema(12.7%). Open-globe injury had significantly lower presenting VA and final VA (P= 0.0164, 0.0053).Final VA was found to be correlated with presenting VA, maculopathy, retinal detachment, and OTS (P=0.0000, 0.0494, 0.0001, 0.0000 respectively), it was worse in patients who were under 20 years of age and were female. OTS prediction was not significantly different when compared with actual visual outcomes postoperatively in OTS3, OTS4, and OTS5 (P > 0.05),while the prognosis of patients with OTS1 and OTS2 was better than OTS study (P=0.001, 0.007, respectively). Conclusion Badminton-related closed-globe injuries were more frequent; open-globe injuries were usually more serious. Younger and female patients have poorer visual recovery prognoses. OTS was found to be a reliable tool for predicting visual outcomes

Carbon-Based Composites for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts: Design, Fabrication, and Application

The four-electron oxidation process of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) highly influences the performance of many green energy storage and conversion devices due to its sluggish kinetics. The fabrication of cost-effective OER electrocatalysts via a facile and green method is, hence, highly desirable. This review summarizes and discusses the recent progress in creating carbon-based materials for alkaline OER. The contents mainly focus on the design, fabrication, and application of carbon-based materials for alkaline OER, including metal-free carbon materials, carbon-based supported composites, and carbon-based material core–shell hybrids. The work presents references and suggestions for the rational design of highly efficient carbon-based OER materials

Natural Dissociation Ratio of Carboxyl Group Controlled Highly Dispersed Silver Nanoparticles on PSA Microspheres and Their Catalytic Performance

Abstract The highly dispersed silver nanoparticle-loaded poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) nanocomposites (nAg@PSA) were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. The amount and distribution of colloidal silver per particle were related to the dissociation ratio of carboxyl groups in the PSA sphere. The amount of carboxyl groups was evaluated by a conductivity titration curve. However, the dissociation of carboxyl groups on PSA is difficult to determine accurately via existing methods because the dissociation ratio will increase with increasing impurity ions during titration. We developed a technique to determine the dissociation ratio of PSA without impurity ions. This employs a novel distance-variable parallel electrode system. Thus, the relationship between nano silver distribution and natural dissociation of carboxyl groups on the surface of the PSA spheres was investigated for the first time. Accurately measuring and controlling the dissociation facilitated the production of PSA spheres containing highly dispersed silver nanoparticles. The catalytic performance of as-prepared nAg@PSA catalysts was studied by reduction of 4-nitrophenol. By controlling the amount of natural dissociation ratio of carboxyl group on PSA sphere, dispersion of silver nanoparticles can be designed and attained controllably. They offer easy synthesis, high catalytic performance, and good recyclability

Efficacy of TIPS plus extrahepatic collateral embolisation in real-world data: a validation study

Objectives The efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) plus extrahepatic collateral embolisation (TIPS+E) in reducing rebleeding and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) post-TIPS was recently reported in a meta-analysis, but further validation is essential. This study aims to confirm the effectiveness of TIPS+E using real-world data.Methods The multicentre retrospective cohort included 2077 patients with cirrhosis who underwent TIPS±E (TIPS: 631, TIPS+E: 1446) between January 2010 and December 2022. Regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to adjust for baseline characteristic differences. After PSM, clinical outcomes, including rebleeding, HE, survival and further decompensation (FDC), were analysed. Baseline data from all patients contributed to the construction of prognostic models.Results After PSM, 1136 matched patients (TIPS+E: TIPS=568:568) were included. TIPS+E demonstrated a significant reduction in rebleeding (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.99; p=0.04), HE (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99; p=0.04) and FDC (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.99; p=0.04), comparing to TIPS. Significantly, TIPS+E also reduced rebleeding, HE and FDC in subgroup of using 8 mm diameter stents and embolising of gastric varices+spontaneous portosystemic shunts (GV+SPSS). However, there were no differences in overall or subgroup survival analysis. Additionally, the random forest models showed higher accuracy and AUROC comparing to other models. Controlling post-TIPS portal pressure gradient (pPPG) within 7 mm Hg<pPPG<8.5 mm Hg improved prognosis, especially in TIPS+E group.Conclusion Our real-world data validation confirms the high efficacy of TIPS+E in reducing rebleeding and HE, particularly when using 8 mm diameter stents, embolising GV+SPSS and maintaining an optimal pPPG