Vocalizations, morphological variation, and morphometry of Pristimantis gutturalis (Anura: Strabomantidae)

Pristimantis gutturalis é uma espécie do grupo de P. conspicillatus descrita da Guiana Francesa, com distribuição restrita ao Escudo da Guiana oriental. Alguns aspectos dessa espécie são ainda pouco estudados, incluindo seu repertório vocal que é desconhecido até o momento. Embora na sua descrição original ela tenha sido devidamente caracterizada no que diz respeito à morfologia, a descrição de sua coloração em vida consistiu de breves observações baseadas em notas de campo sobre duas fêmeas apenas. Além disso, poucos dados morfométricos foram apresentados na sua descrição, com medidas detalhadas fornecidas apenas para o holótipo (uma fêmea). Estudos subsequentes apenas abordaram brevemente essa espécie e não apresentaram novos dados significativos sobre ela. A fim de melhorar o conhecimento sobre P. gutturalis, com base em dados provenientes do estado do Amapá, norte do Brasil, no presente estudo nós descrevemos pela primeira vez os cantos de anúncio e territorial dessa espécie, avaliamos sua variação morfológica e cromática, fornecemos dados morfométricos detalhados sobre machos e uma fêmea, e brevemente comentamos sobre sua história natural. Além disso, nós comparamos o canto de anúncio de P. gutturalis com os cantos de outras espécies do grupo de P. conspicillatus e fazemos algumas observações sobre a acústica desse grupo.Pristimantis gutturalis is a species of the P. conspicillatus group described from French Guiana, with distribution so far restricted to the eastern Guiana Shield. Some aspects of this species are yet understudied, including its vocal repertoire which is unknown to date. Although in its original description it was properly characterized with regard to morphology, the description of its coloration in life consisted of brief remarks based on field notes on two females only. Moreover, little morphometric data were presented in its description, with detailed measurements provided for the holotype (a female) only. Subsequent studies have only briefly addressed this species and have not presented significant new data on it. In order to improve the knowledge on P. gutturalis, based on data from the state of Amapá, northern Brazil, in the present study we describe for the first time the advertisement and territorial calls of this species, assess its morphological and chromatic variation, provide detailed morphometric data on males and one female, and briefly comment on its natural history. Additionally, we compare the advertisement call of P. gutturalis with calls of other species of the P. conspicillatus group, and make some remarks on the acoustics of this group

NOTAS SOBRE OBSERVAÇÕES DE CAMPO DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE REPRODUÇÃO EM Rhinella marina (LINNAEUS, 1758) (ANURA: BUFONIDAE) NA REGIÃO LESTE DA AMAZÔNIA

The reproductive strategies have been well documented in toads of the Bufonidae family. Herein, we documented details of field observations of amplexi displacement and multiple amplexi in Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) in an urban area of the municipality of Serra do Navio, Amapá State, Brazil. Thus, this paper will increase knowledge about reproductive strategies in this species.Keywords: Amplexi displacement; multiple amplexi; explosive breeders; Cane Toad.As estratégias reprodutivas são bem documentadas em sapos da família Bufonidae. Nesta nota, documentamos detalhes das observações de campo do deslocamento em amplexo e múltiplos amplexos em Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) em uma área urbana do município de Serra do Navio, Estado do Amapá, Brasil. Desse modo, esta nota aumentará o conhecimento sobre estratégias reprodutivas dessa espécie.Palavras-chave: Deslocamento em amplexo, múltiplos amplexos, criadores explosivos, sapo-cão

Breeding activity of Dendropsophus counani (Anura: Hylidae) in eastern Brazilian Amazonia

The current knowledge on the natural history are still scarce for most species of Amazonian anurans. Among these, the hylid Dendropsophus counani has incipient data on its breeding biology. Herein, we studied the breeding biology of D. counani in the breeding seasons at Cancão Municipal Natural Park, municipality of Serra do Navio, Amapá state. Males of D. counani often start calling in the late afternoon (17:45 pm) and continue at night. All clutches had been deposited on tree leaves (n = 8) and branches (n = 9) above the water, and after a few days the eggs hatching into exotrophic tadpoles that dropped from the gelatinous clutch in lentic waters. The number of eggs per egg clutch ranged from 40 to 153 eggs. Our study adds necessary data about the natural history of this species, in addition to increasing the knowledge of the breeding biology of Dendropsophus species.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Defensive behaviors of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from northern Brazil

The study of defensive behaviors in anurans can lead to new hypotheses for a better understanding of prey-predator interactions. Herein, based on field observations, we described for the first time defensive behaviors of Leptodactylus rhodomystax. The studied individual displayed stretching limbs posture and evidenced hidden aposematism. Hidden aposematism was occasionally described to occur with stretching limbs posture. Our observations suggest that synergistic defense mechanisms in anurans may be more common than currently known.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

New additions to the anuran fauna of the Cancão Municipal Natural Park, Serra do Navio, state of Amapá, Brazil

Twelve species of anurans (Amazophrynella teko, Rhinella castaneotica, Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii, H. tricolor, Pristimantis gutturalis, P. inguinalis, Ranitomeya variabilis, Osteocephalus leprieurii, Scinax proboscideus, Leptodactylus petersii, Chiasmocleis hudsoni, Synapturanus mirandaribeiroi), into the seven families (Bufonidae, Centrolenidae, Craugastoridae, Dendrobatidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, Microhylidae) are reported for the first time from Cancão Municipal Natural Park, state of Amapá, North Brazil. The total number of species of anurans known from the park now stands at 61 species. Our results contribute to an increase in the knowledge of the anuran fauna of Eastern Amazonia and Guiana Shield.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Anti-predator behaviour of Rhinella major (Müller and Hellmich 1936), with insights into the Rhinella granulosa group

In anurans, the different types of anti-predator behaviour have been documented in isolation, but some species have shown synergistic strategies in different situations. The display of these types of behaviour may be related to the types of predators in the habitat, which boost defensive responses in their prey. However, most reports are mostly opportunistic and punctual observations, not systematic. Here, we report the occurrence of anti-predator behaviour in the toad Rhinella major (Müller and Hellmich 1936) (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) in the face of different handling modes. Probably the disturbance caused by handling had elicited a predator deterrence response in the individual, causing it to rapidly exhibit such behaviour. These conditions are discussed along with an overview of anti-predator behaviour in species of the R. granulosa group and we re-interpreted these strategies for two species in the group

Description of the tadpole of Dendropsophus haraldschultzi (Bokermann, 1962) (Anura: Hylidae), with comments on reproductive biology

Menin, Marcelo, Almeida, Alexandre Pinheiro De, Pedroso-Santos, Fillipe, Sanches, Patrick Ribeiro, Costa-Campos, Carlos Eduardo (2020): Description of the tadpole of Dendropsophus haraldschultzi (Bokermann, 1962) (Anura: Hylidae), with comments on reproductive biology. Zootaxa 4780 (3): 594-600, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4780.3.1