Escola inclusiva e Covid-19 - estado da arte

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaPretendeu-se com este trabalho fazer uma revisão da literatura relativa à Inclusão em Contexto Escolar, apresentando uma reflexão relativa ao facto de que em que medida, o novo Decreto-Lei que estabelece o Regime Jurídico da Educação Inclusiva em Portugal, o Decreto-Lei nº54/2018, promove as práticas da Educação Inclusiva. Porém, e tendo em conta a presente conjuntura de Pandemia de SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 em que nos encontramos, acresceu à nossa reflexão a questão de como aplicar, em contexto educativo, estratégias inclusivas ajustadas aos tempos de pandemia, promotoras de uma escola inclusiva, na realidade Portuguesa. Deste modo, procedeu-se a uma revisão de literatura subordinada aos temas (Inclusão, Educação Inclusiva, Covid-19, Pandemia), tendo em conta a informação produzida a partir de 2015 e informação de 2020 relativa à COVID-19, havendo, porém, alguns documentos que pela sua importância e conteúdo ainda atual têm data anterior. Realizou-se uma análise das conclusões a que os diversos autores chegaram, o que permitiu colocar em evidência as características, dimensões e estratégias relativas à Inclusão em Contexto Educativo, bem como evidenciar o impacto da Pandemia em geral e da COVID-19 em particular ao nível das práticas em contexto escolar, focando-se na realidade Portuguesa, identificando os procedimentos que procuraram manter as práticas inclusivas. As conclusões permitiram observar, por um lado, que o Decreto-Lei nº54/2018 apresenta uma boa base de sustentação teórica, preconizando uma política inclusiva, pois enquadra-se nos objetivos e estratégias a adotar para uma escola inclusiva preconizados pelos diversos acordos/declarações globais e pelos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, ODS4 – Educação de Qualidade (ONU, ODS4 da Agenda 2030). Por outro, ao nível das práticas, ainda há que investir na formação dos professores por forma a dotá-los de estratégias pedagógicas que contemplem esta nova abordagem, reduzir a burocracia inerente à implementação das medidas preconizadas no Decreto-Lei, incrementar a interação da Escola com as Famílias e a Comunidade bem como o envolvimento dos alunos no seu percurso educativo e proceder às alterações físicas das estruturas dos equipamentos escolares, por forma a que, por exemplo, um cadeirante possa ter acesso a toda a escola. Por fim, ao nível das práticas inclusivas em tempos de pandemia, e dentro das dimensões consideradas importantes para a Inclusão (participação, sucesso e presença), alunos e suas famílias e pessoal docente e não docente ficaram limitados nas suas ações, em virtude dos constrangimentos provocados pela mesma.The aim of this work was to review the literature on Inclusion in School Context, reflecting on the fact that, to what extent, the new Decree-Law establishing the Legal Regime for Inclusive Education in Portugal, Decree-Law nº 54/2018, promotes Inclusive Education practices. However, and taking into account the current situation of the SARS-VOC-2 COVID-19 pandemic in which we find ourselves, the question of how to apply, in an educational context, inclusive strategies adjusted to pandemic times, promoting a inclusive school, in the Portuguese reality. Thus, a literature review was carried out on the themes (Inclusion, Inclusive Education, Covid-19, Pandemia), taking into account the information produced from 2015 and information from 2020 related to COVID-19, although there is, however, some documents that due to their importance and still current content have an earlier date. An analysis of the conclusions reached by the various authors was carried out, which made it possible to highlight the characteristics, dimensions and strategies related to Inclusion in the Educational Context, as well as to highlight the impact of Pandemic in general and COVID-19 in particular on level of practices in the school context, focusing on the Portuguese reality, identifying the procedures that sought to maintain inclusive practices. The conclusions allowed us to observe, on the one hand, that Decree-Law nº54 / 2018 pre-sents a good theoretical support base, advocating an inclusive policy, as it fits into the objec-tives and strategies to be adopted for an inclusive school advocated by the various agreements / declarations and the Sustainable Development Goals, SDG4 - Quality Education (UN, SDG4 of Agenda 2030). On the other hand, in terms of practices, it is still necessary to invest in the training of teachers in order to provide them with pedagogical strategies that contemplate this new approach, to reduce the bureaucracy inherent in the implementation of the measures rec-ommended in the Decree-Law, to increase the interaction of the School with Families and the Community, as well as the involvement of students in their educational path and to make physical changes to the structures of school equipment, so that, for example, a wheelchair user can have access to the entire school. On the other hand, at the level of inclusive practices in times of pandemic, and within the dimensions considered important for Inclusion (participation, sucess and presence), students and their families and teaching and non-teaching staff were limited in their actions, due to constraints caused by it

Influence de l'effeuillage sur l'efficience thermique de l'accumulation des anthocyanes dans la baie

The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of leaf removal on Touriga Nacional berry temperature and consequent thermal efficiency for anthocyanins biosynthesis. The field experiment was located at Dão Wine Research Station, Nelas, Portugal in an adult vineyard planted with North-South oriented rows, with the red grape variety Touriga Nacional grafted on 110R rootstock. The vines were trained on a vertical shoot positioning, spur-pruned on a bilateral Royat cordon system and deficit irrigated (50% ETc). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications of twelve vines per elemental plot, and the following two treatments: basal leaf removal (LR) and a control non-defoliated (ND). Berry temperature (Tb) was measured continuously during the second half (3rd to 19th September) of the 2009 ripening period using two-junction, fine-wires copper-constantan thermocouples manually inserted into the berries and connected to a data logger. A sample of clusters located in different canopy positions (exposed and internal; facing East and West) of 4 vines per treatment were used. To quantify the effect of Tb on anthocyanins biosynthesis, the berry hourly mean temperatures were converted into normal heat hours (NHH) and accumulated per day (NHHd) and per monitoring period (NHHc). For quantification of thermal requirements for anthocyanins synthesis and accumulation, a minimum of 10°C, a maximum of 35°C, and an optimum of 26°C were used. Meteorological variables were measured at an automatic weather station installed within the experimental plot. For all days of the monitoring period, daily average berry temperature (dTb) of all monitored berries was lower in ND treatment than in LR, being the maximum differences between treatments registered on 11th September. The highest dTb differences between treatments were registered on the clusters located at the west side of the canopy on 7th September while dTb of the clusters located in the centre of the canopy was less affected by leaf removal. The control non-defoliated treatment (ND) presented a significantly higher NHHc than that of LR being the higher differences presented by the clusters located in the west side. The lowest differences in NHHc were obtained in the clusters located in the centre of the canopy. Our results show that the thermal efficiency for berry anthocyanins accumulation was significantly affected by leaf removal and that this effect was dependent of the meteorological conditions, time of the day and berry/cluster location into the vine canopy

Modelling the phenological development of cv. Touriga Nacional and Encruzado in the Dão Wine Region, Portugal

The grapevine vegetative cycle, which is morphologically described by its phenological stages, is strongly determined by weather conditions. Phenological models are widely applied in viticulture and are based on the assumption that air temperature is the preponderant environmental factor which determines vine development. In this study, phenological development models (PDMs) were calibrated and validated to simulate several intermediate stages between budbreak and veraison for cv. Touriga Nacional (TN) and cv. Encruzado (EN) winegrape varieties, which are widely grown in the Dao Wine Region, Portugal. These are thermal models, with which the daily sum of the rate of forcing (R) was calculated using a sigmoid function. For this purpose, a high-quality and comprehensive dataset was used which combines phenology data and weather station data in several vineyard sites spread over the region. The model showed an overall high performance (global RMSE of 5.4 days for EN and 5.0 days for TN), although it depended on the phenological stage and variety. The RMSE ranged from 3.2 to 6.2 for TN, and from 3.9 to 6.8 for EN. For both varieties and in all phenological stages, the RMSE was significantly lower than the standard deviation of the phenological observations. For TN, the model efficiency was greater than 0.71 for all phenological stages. In future studies, these models will be combined with specific models that simulate the evolution of winegrape berry quality indicators commonly used for harvest decision support. The relatively low complexity of the selected PDMs enables their use as a crop management and decision support tool. To our knowledge, no previous studies have been carried out on either of these two varieties and their intermediate phenological timings. The present study is an illustration of conceivable model development under diverse environmental conditions, thus allowing similar approaches to be adopted in other wine regions on a worldwide scale.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Large-scale screening of unknown varieties in a grapevine intra-varietal variability collection

Since the last decade of the last century, it is known that many old grapevine varieties are descendants of other varieties through natural crossing. Portugal has an important program for the conservation of representative samples of intra-varietal variability of all autochthonous varieties, managed by the Portuguese Association for Grapevine Diversity (PORVID), which makes looking for genotypes with dubious identification an important activity from a perspective of its valorisation. This communication presents the results of the molecular analysis of 5,000 samples (accessions) from the PORVID’s collection, using nine microsatellite loci currently recommended by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) for genetic grapevine identification. The results obtained confirmed the molecular identity of 4,220 samples corresponding to 214 varieties present in the official list of Portuguese varieties. In 780 samples, 95 profiles with a plural number of accessions revealed not to be listed in the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC) database, corresponding to possible varieties either descendent from natural crossing from at least one known parental variety, or from undetermined origin. Furthermore, the need for a comprehensive strategy aimed at uncovering other hidden varieties is discussed to prevent their imminent loss, deepen understanding of their origin, and add economic value and sustainability to the vine and wine sector

Impact of conventional tillage and no-tillage cover crops on nitrous oxide emissions from vineyards in mediterranean Portugal

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of vineyard cover cropping on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions in Portugal

Scarce studies have been published reporting field measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from vineyards, particularly for European conditions. The aim this study was to assess the effect of conventional tillage and no-tillage cover crops on direct N2O emission factor from vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.) in Portugal. A two-year field study was carried out in central Portugal (Nelas, Portugal). The experiment was established in a mature non-irrigated vineyard. The following four treatments with three replications were considered: soil tillage of the inter-row (Till), treatment Till followed by application of mineral fertiliser (50 kg N ha−1) (Till + N), permanent resident vegetation in the inter-row (NoTill), and treatment No-Till followed by application of mineral fertiliser (50 kg N ha−1) (NoTill + N). The carbon dioxide (CO2) and N2O fluxes were measured by the closed chamber technique and analyzed by gas chromatography during two consecutive growing seasons (March-September of 2015 and 2016) of the grapevine crop. The results showed that the average direct N2O EF for vineyards managed with conventional soil tillage in the inter-row was 0.57 ± 0.12% of N input and cover cropping by permanent resident vegetation in the inter-row reduces N2O emission in 60% (0.23 ± 0.29% of N input). Thus, the vineyard cover cropping was recommended as mitigation measure in order to reduce N2O emissions. The defaults direct N2O EF currently recommended by IPCC was not appropriated for vineyards and N2O emissions are currently potentially overestimated in the Portuguese inventory.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Temperature-Based Grapevine Ripeness Modeling for cv. Touriga Nacional and Encruzado in the Dão Wine Region, Portugal

In the present study, we calibrated and validated thermal models to predict the DOY date at which the grape maturity index, potential alcohol/total acidity (PA/TA), reaches 0.75 (MS0.75), 1.0 (MS1), 1.5 (MS1.5), and 2.0 (MS2) for two grapevine Portuguese varieties, Touriga Nacional (TN) and Encruzado (EN), growing in the Dão wine region, Portugal. Daily rates of forcing calculated with the Sigmoid (SM) function and the Degree Day (DD) function were used. The outcomes show that the best performance of the models was obtained for the heat accumulation starting at flowering (tx = EL23). The analysis of model sensitivity to changes in forcing rate coefficients (T0, e, and d) enabled the selection of the same models for all maturity stage of each variety. The selected models revealed significant predictability, though dependent on the grape maturity stage and variety (EFF > 0.81 for TN and EFF > 0.75 for EN). The non-linear regression analyses of sugar concentration (SC) and total acidity (TA) with heat accumulation, calculated using the select models, demonstrated that a high fraction of SC and TA variance was explained by the variation of these temperature-based indices. Comparatively to SC and TA, the results highlight that the thermal conditions accumulated from flowering had a lower influence on pH juice variance