Práticas educativas e inserção social através de extensão universitária.

This paper presents a proposal for a university academic and social extension of complementary action to school, developed by a the Physical Education Department of a Federal University in Brazil, with financial support from several partners. Although it Aims to develop activities focused on the social integration of children and teenagers in social risk situation is primarily a laboratory of a university education which creates opportunities for students from different courses to learn new teaching and learning techniques develop sport and educative activities and improve their knowledge from the opportunity to put into practice the knowledge of the theories adopted in each course. The practices are intended to provide opportunities for children and adolescents to develop their potential from the improvement of personal, social, cognitive and productive skills through interventions with the support of the family and school, able to promote improvements in life quality that are reflected in the growth of education level and increasing the average life expectancy of participants contributing to the elevation of the Human Development Index in the target community. In addition, they contribute in the same way improving the quality Undergraduate Education.Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de extensão universitária acadêmico-social de ação complementar à escola, desenvolvido por um Departamento de Educação Física, de uma Universidade Federal do Brasil, com apoio de diversos parceiros financeiros. Embora objetive desenvolver atividades voltadas para a inserção social de crianças e de adolescentes em situação de risco social, é antes de tudo um laboratório de formação universitária, que cria oportunidades aos acadêmicos de diversos cursos aprenderem novas técnicas de ensino-aprendizagem, desenvolverem atividades esportivas e educativas e aperfeiçoarem seus conhecimentos a partir da oportunidade de colocar em prática o conhecimento das teorias adotadas em cada curso. As práticas aplicadas visam a dar oportunidade para que crianças e adolescentes desenvolvam seu potencial, a partir do aprimoramento de competências pessoais, sociais, produtivas e cognitivas, através de intervenções com o apoio da família e da escola, capazes de promover melhorias na qualidade de vida, que se reflitam no incremento do nível de escolaridade e no aumento da média de expectativa de vida dos participantes, contribuindo para a elevação do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano – IDH – na comunidade-alvo. Além disso, contribuem, da mesma forma, para o aprimoramento da qualidade da educação superior.Palavras-chave: Extensão universitária; Educação; práticas pedagógicas; Educação superior; inserção social.Educational practices and social integration through university extensionAbstract: This paper presents a proposal for a university academic and social extension of complementary action to school, developed by a the Physical Education Department of a Federal University in Brazil, with financial support from several partners. Although it Aims to develop activities focused on the social integration of children and teenagers in social risk situation is primarily a laboratory of a university education which creates opportunities for students from different courses to learn new teaching and learning techniques develop sport and educative activities and improve their knowledge from the opportunity to put into practice the knowledge of the theories adopted in each course. The practices are intended to provide opportunities for children and adolescents to develop their potential from the improvement of personal, social, cognitive and productive skills through interventions with the support of the family and school, able to promote improvements in life quality that are reflected in the growth of education level and increasing the average life expectancy of participants contributing to the elevation of the Human Development Index in the target community. In addition, they contribute in the same way improving the quality Undergraduate Education.Keyworsds: academic extension, Education, teaching practices, Undergraduate Education, social inclusion

Leishmania chagasi: Effect of the iron deficiency on the infection in BALB/c mice

AbstractIron deficiency and visceral leishmaniasis are serious problems of public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron deficiency, induced by the iron chelator desferrioxamine, on the course of the infection by Leishmania chagasi in BALB/c mice. Our data show that the iron chelator caused significant reduction in hemoglobin concentration of treated mice and reduction in parasite load in spleen and liver. Significant differences were not observed in the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 among the experimental groups. In conclusion, the data reported in this paper suggest that iron deficiency may favor the host. If there is not enough iron available to the parasite, its multiplication may be reduced and infection attenuated

Increase of reactive oxygen species by desferrioxamine during experimental Chagas' disease.

Oxidative stress is common in inflammatory processes associated with many diseases including Chagas' disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in a murine model, biomarkers of oxidative stress together with components of the antioxidant system in order to provide an overview of the mechanism of action of the iron chelator desferrioxamine (DFO). The study population comprised 48 male Swiss mice, half of which were treated daily by intraperitoneal injection of DFO over a 35-day period, while half were administered sterile water in a similar manner. On the 14th day of the experiment, 12 DFO-treated mice and an equal number of untreated mice were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Serum concentrations of nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase and hepatic levels of total glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive species and protein carbonyl, were determined on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 post-infection. The results obtained revealed that DFO enhances antioxidant activity in the host but also increases oxidative stress, indicating that the mode of action of the drug involves a positive contribution to the host together with an effect that is not beneficial to the parasite

Dietary açai modulates ROS production by neutrophils and gene expression of liver antioxidant enzymes in rats

Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has recently emerged as a promising source of natural antioxidants. Because increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms are important factors in the development of diabetic complications and many health claims have been reported for açai, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible protective effects of açai on the production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils and on the liver antioxidant defense system in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diet supplementation with 2% açai was found to increase mRNA levels for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione peroxidase in liver tissue and to decrease reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils. Compared to control animals, diabetic rats exhibited lower levels of mRNA coding for Zn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and higher levels of reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and carbonyl proteins in hepatic tissues. Although açai supplementation was not effective in restore gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats, it showed a protective effect, decreasing thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels and increasing reduced glutathione content in the liver. These findings suggest that açai can modulate reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils and that it has a significant favorable effect on the liver antioxidant defense system under fisiological conditions of oxidative stress and partially revert deleterious effects of diabetes in the liver

THEMATIC ORAL HISTORY IN NURSING RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY

Estudio bibliométrico que tuvo el propósito de caracterizar la producción científica de la enfermería y la utilización de la historia oral temática como método o técnica en el contexto brasileño, de enero de 2008 a septiembre de 2012, indexada en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales. Para la búsqueda, fue utilizado el término “historia oral temática”. Treinta y dos artículos fueron seleccionados. La mayoría de los estudios se concentró en el año de 2010, en las regiones sudeste y nordeste del País, y las áreas temáticas más estudiadas fueron salud de la mujer, educación en enfermería y salud mental. Se observó que los campos de investigación de la historia oral temática son, en la mayor parte, espacios colectivos, y los sujetos de las investigaciones, muchas veces, son vulnerables considerando alguna condición instable de salud y/o de vida. Es un importante camino científico para dar “vez y voz” a las personas en los contextos de salud y en la enfermería. Estudo bibliométrico que objetivou caracterizar a produção científica da enfermagem e a utilização da história oral temática como método ou técnica no contexto brasileiro, de janeiro de 2008 a setembro de 2012, indexada em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Utilizou-se para a busca o termo “história oral temática”. Selecionaram-se 32 artigos. A maioria dos estudos se concentrou no ano de 2010, nas regiões sudeste e nordeste do País, e as áreas temáticas mais estudadas foram saúde da mulher, educação em enfermagem e saúde mental. Observou-se que os campos de pesquisa da história oral temática são em sua maior parte espaços coletivos, e os sujeitos das pesquisas, muitas vezes, encontram-se vulneráveis em relação a alguma condição instável de saúde e/ou de vida. É um importante caminho científico de dar “vez e voz” às pessoas nos contextos de saúde e na enfermagem.This bibliometric study aimed to characterize the nursing scientific production and the use of thematic oral history as a method or technique in the Brazilian context, between January 2008 and September 2012, indexed in Brazilian and international databases. For the search, the term “thematic oral history” was used. A total of 32 articles was selected. The majority of the studies were concentrated in 2010, in the south-east and north-east regions of Brazil, and the most-studied thematic areas were women’s health, education in nursing, and mental health. It was observed that the fields of research in thematic oral history are mainly collective spaces, and the subjects of the studies are often vulnerable in relation to some unstable health and/or life condition. Giving “a time and a voice” to people in the health and nursing contexts is an important scientific path

Indicadores de saúde e qualidade de vida no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde

Trata-se de um estudo de casos mltiplos qualitativo que objetivou conhecer a compreenso dos profissionais de equipes Sade da Famlia e das equipes de apoio sobre o uso de indicadores de sade na Ateno Primria Sade (APS), em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. No municpio, atualmente, so trabalhados 26 indicadores, que foram apresentados e discutidos nas Oficinas de Qualificao da APS, promovida, em 2010, pela Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte e pela Escola de Sade Pblica de Minas Gerais. Constatou-se que conhecer a real situao de sade de uma populao torna-se imprescindvel para o planejamento e implementao de aes voltadas para a melhoria das condies de sade. A partir da avaliao dos resultados dos indicadores possvel o estabelecimento de metas, a comparao de padres internos do Servio e externos Instituio e o controle do desempenho das aes realizadas. Analisou-se que mensurar o nvel de sade e a qualidade de vida da populao representa uma dificuldade para os profissionais da rea. A maioria dos entrevistados conseguiu expressar uma noo da ferramenta e de sua importncia para o Servio, entretanto, nem todos declaram a aplicabilidade dos mesmos

Indicadores de saúde e qualidade de vida no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde

Trata-se de um estudo de casos múltiplos qualitativo que objetivou conhecer a compreensão dos profissionais de equipes Saúde da Família e das equipes de apoio sobre o uso de indicadores de saúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. No município, atualmente, são trabalhados 26 indicadores, que foram apresentados e discutidos nas Oficinas de Qualificação da APS, promovida, em 2010, pela Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte e pela Escola de Saúde Pública de Minas Gerais.  Constatou-se que conhecer a real situação de saúde de uma população torna-se imprescindível para o planejamento e implementação de ações voltadas para a melhoria das condições de saúde. A partir da avaliação dos resultados dos indicadores é possível o estabelecimento de metas, a comparação de padrões internos do Serviço e externos à Instituição e o controle do desempenho das ações realizadas. Analisou-se que mensurar o nível de saúde e a qualidade de vida da população representa uma dificuldade para os profissionais da área. A maioria dos entrevistados conseguiu expressar uma noção da ferramenta e de sua importância para o Serviço, entretanto, nem todos declaram a aplicabilidade dos mesmos.&nbsp

Trypanosoma cruzi: desferrioxamine decreases mortality and parasitemia in infected mice through a trypanostatic effect.

Desferrioxamine (DFO) is a potent iron chelator that is also known to modulate inflammation and act as an efficient antioxidant under normal conditions and under oxidative stress. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the efficacy of DFO in the treatment of viral, bacterial and protozoan infections. DFO is known to reduce the intensity of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in mice even during a course of therapy that is not effective in maintaining anaemia or low iron levels. To further clarify these findings, we investigated the action of DFO on mouse T. cruzi infection outcomes and the direct impact of DFO on parasites. Infected animals treated with DFO (5 mg/animal/day) for 35 days, beginning 14 days prior to infection, presented lower parasitemia and lower cumulative mortality rate. No significant effect was observed on iron metabolism markers, erythrograms, leukograms or lymphocyte subsets. In the rapid method for testing in vivo T. cruzi susceptibility, DFO also induced lower parasitemia. In regard to its direct impact on parasites, DFO slightly inhibited the growth of amastigotes and trypomastigotes in fibroblast culture. Trypan blue staining showed no effects of DFO on parasite viability, and only minor apoptosis in trypomastigotes was observed. Nevertheless, a clear decrease in parasite mobility was detected. In conclusion, the beneficial actions of DFO on mice T. cruzi infection seem to be independent of host iron metabolism and free of significant haematological side effects. Through direct action on the parasite, DFO has more effective trypanostatic than trypanocidal properties