Application of genomic and quantitative genetic tools to identify candidate resistance genes for brown rot resistance in peach.

The availability of a complete peach genome assembly and three different peach genome sequences created by our group provide new opportunities for application of genomic data and can improve the power of the classical Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) approaches to identify candidate genes for peach disease resistance. Brown rot caused by Monilinia spp., is the most important fungal disease of stone fruits worldwide. Improved levels of peach fruit rot resistance have been identified in some cultivars and advanced selections developed in the UC Davis and USDA breeding programs. Whole genome sequencing of the Pop-DF parents lead to discovery of high-quality SNP markers for QTL genome scanning in this experimental population. Pop-DF created by crossing a brown rot moderately resistant cultivar 'Dr. Davis' and a brown rot resistant introgression line, 'F8,1-42', derived from an initial almond × peach interspecific hybrid, was evaluated for brown rot resistance in fruit of harvest maturity over three seasons. Using the SNP linkage map of Pop-DF and phenotypic data collected with inoculated fruit, a genome scan for QTL identified several SNP markers associated with brown rot resistance. Two of these QTLs were placed on linkage group 1, covering a large (physical) region on chromosome 1. The genome scan for QTL and SNP effects predicted several candidate genes associated with disease resistance responses in other host-pathogen systems. Two potential candidate genes, ppa011763m and ppa026453m, may be the genes primarily responsible for M. fructicola recognition in peach, activating both PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses. Our results provide a foundation for further genetic dissection, marker assisted breeding for brown rot resistance, and development of peach cultivars resistant to brown rot

Leer en tiempos de la Colonia : imprenta, bibliotecas y lectores en la Nueva España

ix, 367 p. : il.Libro ElectrónicoLeer en tiempos de la Colonia es una obra interdisciplinaria que abarca múltiples aspectos del libro y la lectura en la Nueva España. Las tres centurias de producción de libros, de circulación de textos y de formación de bibliotecas durante el período colonial, abren numerosos interrogantes y ofrecen amplias posibilidades de investigación. Los estudios que aquí se integran proponen un recorrido diverso y plural, con múltiples miradas desde la historia y la literatura, pero también un enfoque de los responsables de las ricas colecciones patrimoniales mexicanas. La necesidad de estudiar el pasado y preservar unos bienes de gran valor cultural, fueron el motivo del encuentro internacional celebrado en Zacatecas en el 2007 y que ha dado origen a este libro. Los textos profundizan en el trabajo de los impresores, los libreros y la formación de las colecciones, en las ricas bibliotecas coloniales y en la lectura de sus fondos, al mismo tiempo ofrecen una panorámica de la cooperación bibliotecaria y el papel de las instituciones que albergan los acervos de libros antiguos.presentación. ix idalia garcía aguilar aprender de los maestros la primera imprenta en méxico y sus oficiales 3 clive griffin leer de la infancia a la vejez. el buen orden de las lecturas en la colonia 21 pilar gonzalbo aizpuru la historiografía del libro en américa hispana: un estado de la cuestión 55 teodoro hampe martínez homenaje a la dra. carmen castañeda tres encuentros con carmen castañeda 75 laura suárez de la torre carmen castañeda garcía (1941-2007) en el recuerdo de un colega peruano 83 teodoro hampe martínez homenaje a carmen castañeda 95 pedro rueda ramírez una vida de vocación y aventura en la docencia y la historia: la maestra carmen castañeda 103 marcela zúñiga contenidosobre libros las librerías europeas y el nuevo mundo: circuitos de distribución atlántica del libro en el mundo moderno 113 pedro rueda ramírez dos momentos en la recepción de una obra: el caso del verdadero antídoto contra los malos libros… de nicolas jamin, presente en una biblioteca zacatecana 137 maría isabel terán elizondo ¿ornamentos tipográficos? las mujeres en el mundo del libro antiguo. algunas noticias biobibliográficas 163 marina garone gravier de bibliotecas fondo de origen de la biblioteca del convento-hospital de la orden hospitalaria de nuestra señora de belén de la ciudad de puebla 217 jonatan moncayo ramírez bibliotecas particulares de los jesuitas en zacatecas siglo xviii 237 emilia recéndez guerrero la biblioteca de don josé de peón valdés, letrado ilustrado ovetense en la intendencia de zacatecas 253 josé enciso contreras suma de bibliotecas novohispanas: hacia un estado de la investigación 281 idalia garcía aguilar historia de la biblioteca “elías amador” de zacatecas 309 josefina nava sánchezel pasado, por fortuna, siempre vuelve ambifa, a. c.: cooperación interinstitucional para la salvaguarda del patrimonio documental mexicano 331 manuel de santiago hernández las marcas de fuego: propuesta de una metodología para su identificación 341 mercedes isabel salomón salazar andrew gre

Selection of new chemicals to be used in conditioned aversion for non-lethal predation control

Globally, native predators and scavengers are threatened through the incidence of illegal poisoning due to increasing human-wildlife conflicts. The use of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) may mitigate such conflicts. CTA is a robust learning paradigm that occurs when animals associate a food with a discomfort induced by a chemical, thereby avoiding that food in subsequent encounters. We reviewed the potential of 167 chemical compounds to be used in CTA, considering effects, margin of safety, accessibility, and detectability. After the review, 15 compounds fulfilled the required characteristics, but only five (thiabendazole, thiram, levamisole, fluconazole and fluralaner) were finally selected to be tested in CTA assays with dogs. Of the tested compounds, thiabendazole, thiram and levamisole caused target food rejection by dogs and reduced the time spent eating during post-conditioning. However, despite being microencapsulated, levamisole appeared to be detectable by dogs, whereas thiram and thiabendazole were not. Fluconazole and fluralaner did not produce any CTA effect. Thiabendazole, thiram and levamisole can therefore induce CTA, and thus are potential candidates as aversive compounds for wildlife management. Thiram is an undetectable, relatively safe and accessible compound that can induce CTA in canids, and opens new possibilities to develop methods of non-lethal predation control.This study is a result of CGL2013–40975-R project, from I+D+I National Plan funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Jorge Tobajas benefitted from a FPI PhD scholarship (BES-2014-068987) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Peer reviewe

The Impact of the Eye in Dementia: The Eye and its Role in Diagnosis and Follow‐up

Over the last few decades, the importance of ophthalmic examination in neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS has reportedly increased. The retina is an extension of the CNS and thus should not be surprising to find abnormal results in both the test exploring visual processing and those examining the retina of patients with CNS degeneration. Current in vivo imaging techniques are allowing ophthalmologists to detect and quantify data consistent with the histopathological findings described in the retinas of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and may help to reveal unsuspected retinal and optic‐nerve repercussions of other CNS diseases. In this chapter, we perform an analysis of the physiological changes in ocular and cerebral ageing. We analyse the ocular manifestations in CNS disorders such as stroke, AD and Parkinson’s disease. In addition, the pathophysiology of both the eye and the visual pathway in AD are described. The value of the visual psychophysical tests in AD diagnosis is reviewed as well as the main findings of the optical coherence tomography as a contribution to the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Finally, we examine the association of two neurodegenerative diseases, AD and glaucoma, as mere coincidence or possible role in the progression of the neurodegeneration

Power distribution in a 13 kW three-phase rectifier system: impact on weight, volume and efficiency

This paper addresses the power delivery strategy on an aircraft application consisting on seven isolated DC loads to be supplied from the AC grid. Distributed or centralized power processing is evaluated taking into account weight and efficiency. Additionally, the rectifier switching frequency has to be synchronized with an external frequency clock to minimize the interference of the converter harmonics with the loads

Microalgae Cultivation for Secondary Metabolite Production

Microalgae including cyanobacteria have been recognized as an excellent source of fine chemicals, renewable fuels, vitamins, and proteins and usually are found in health food stores around the world. However, the accumulation of these compounds generally occurs at end of the exponential growth phase; furthermore, biomass density in cultivation commonly is low. Open cultures have been used for pigment, biofuels, and biomass production, but these types of culture system are not a good choice for the production of fine chemicals, due to contamination problems and the expensive production costs. Closed photobioreactors can be operated in a continuous cultivation providing an increase on biomass density and contamination-free condition and generally working at a maximum growth rate under specific conditions; besides, these systems can recycle the consumed culture medium at least three times before a new enriched medium is supplied, generating a more cost-effective production system. In addition, microalgae metabolism can be manipulated to provoke a specific secondary metabolite accumulation by the addition of organic carbon source or changing light intensity or both. In other words, photobioreactors can operate in continuous mode, with efficient light supply and the supplementation of organic carbon source to produce fine biochemicals such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, lectins, antiviral compounds, and biofuels

High Performance and Reliable MPPT Solar Array Regulator for the PCDU of LISA Pathfinder

LISA PCDU is a very optimised and reliable Power Conditioning and Distribution Unit based on an unregulated 28 V bus, maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The high demanding specification in terms of mass, efficiency and performances can be fulfilled only with unconventional, less conservative solutions. An enormous effort has been done to prove the reliability and robustness of the adopted solutions. Moreover, LISA PCDU faces and solves typical problems of battery follower MPPTs: damage of Li-Ion batteries in case of overdischarge, operation without battery and power loss in Conductance to MPPT transitions. The MPPT Solar Array Regulators module is one of the most impacted designs. The paper explains the main challenges faced and the relevant solutions adopted to achieve this highly optimised and reliable design

Optimización energética de un sistema de climatización condensado con torre de refrigeración

El aumento del consumo energético en los últimos años ha propiciado la aparición de políticas de eficiencia energética en numerosos países, cuyo principal objetivo es la disminución de las emisiones de CO2. Este incremento se ha visto afectado por el creciente uso de sistemas de climatización debido a los nuevos estándares de confort. En este ámbito, la condensación evaporativa se presentan como una de las elecciones más eficientes para la disipación de calor ya que opera con bajas temperaturas de agua, y a iguales condiciones de funcionamiento, el consumo y los costes del equipo son menores respecto a otros sistemas como los de condensación por aire. A pesar de su buen comportamiento térmico, las torres de refrigeración han sido sustituidas por sistemas secos debido a sus problemas medioambientales. Si bien el estudio de las torres se ha fundamentado principalmente en el relleno, se han llevado a cabo diversos trabajos en los que se determina su característica térmica para diferentes sistemas de distribución y separadores de gotas, pero no se han encontrado estudios que traten la influencia de diferentes configuraciones en climatización. Este trabajo modeliza en TRNSYS una torre de refrigeración para dos sistemas de distribución de agua y seis separadores de gotas, validando cada combinación a través de datos experimentales térmicos y de consumo eléctrico. Posteriormente se define una enfriadora comercial agua-agua, evaluando el punto óptimo de funcionamiento torreenfriadora para unas condiciones ambientales. Finalmente se simula una instalación de climatización en diferentes ubicaciones geográficas, definiendo un edificio de referencia atendiendo a la normativa vigente y evaluando tanto el consumo energético como el gasto de agua. Los resultados muestran un consumo mínimo para una frecuencia de giro del ventilador de la distinta a la nominal, apreciándose la influencia de los separadores de gotas y los sistemas de distribución tanto en el consumo energético final como en el gasto de agua.Este trabajo se enmarca en el Plan Nacional “Estudio para la mejora de instalaciones de energía solar térmica y enfriamiento evaporativo en edificios y centrales termosolares” (ENE2013-48696-C2-1-R)

Design of energy control method for three-phase buck-type rectifier with very demanding load steps

Conventional three-phase rectifiers are controlled to achieve good power factor and low THD in the input. In the case of pulsating power loads, the fast dynamic response implies that the load pulses are reflected in the generator. These pulsating loads affect the life time operation of the generator, especially when it is not oversized (that is the case in aircraft applications). In order to smooth the power demanded from the generator, it is preferable to reduce the bandwidth of the controller to the rectifier but it affects its stability due to the fact that the right half plane pole given by the negative impedance of a constant power load requires high bandwidth control loop to compensate it. In this paper, an energy control method is proposed to employ the energy stored in the output capacitor of the rectifier to control the amount of power demanded through the rectifier. In such a way the bandwidth restriction for stability is eliminated and the bandwidth of the loop can be set slow enough to ensure smooth power demanded from the generator