European Economies in the First Epoch of Imperialism and Mercantilism. 1415-1846.

The costs and benefits of European Imperialism from the conquest of Ceuta, 1415, to the Treaty of Lusaka, 1974.Twelfth International Economic History Congress. Madrid, 1998.Patrick K. O'Brien and Leandro Prados de la Escosura (eds.)Editada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaJorge M. Pedreira. «To Have and To Have not». The Economic Consequences of Empire: Portugal (1415-1822).-- Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla. The American Empire and the Spanish Economy: An Institutional and Regional Perspective.-- Pieter C. Emmer. The Economic Impact of the Dutch Expansion Overseas, 1570-1870.-- Paul Butel and François Crouzet. Empire and Economic Growth: the Case of 18th Century France.-- Stanley L. Engerman. British Imperialism in a Mercantilist Age, 1492-1849: Conceptual Issues and Empirical Problems.Publicad

Teor de proteína bruta (PB) em pastagens acometidas pela síndrome da morte do braquiarão.

Sabendo que o valor nutritivo das gramíneas pode ser afetado pelas condições ambientais, objetivou-se avaliar o teor de PB nos cultivares Mulato II, Estrela roxa, Llanero, Marandu, Massai, Mombaça, Piatã, Ruziziensis, Tanzania e Xaraés em pastagem acometida pela síndrome da morte do braquiarão (SMB). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos inteiramente casualizado com três repetições, conduzido em Alta Floresta ? MT, durante as estações de verão e outono. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o método de modelos mistos com estrutura paramétrica especial na matriz de covariância, através do procedimento MIXED do software estatístico SAS. Os teores de proteína não se diferiram entre os cultivares (P>0,05), assim como não se observou interação (P>0,05) cultivar x estações (verão e outono). Entre as estações avaliadas, no verão apresentou maior porcentagem de PB (13,3%) que no outono (10,0%). Teores de proteína bruta não são alterados em nenhum dos dez cultivares de gramíneas de clima tropical quando são submetidos a estresse hídrico em áreas acometidas pela SMB. As forrageiras Mulato II, Piatã e Marandu apresentaram sintomas clássicos de Síndrome da Morte do Braquiarão

Valor nutritivo: Fibra e Digestibilidade de forrageiras em local acometido pela síndrome da morte do braquiarão.

Em grande parte do trópico brasileiro, a produção pecuária está embasada no cultivo de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em sistemas ainda extensivos. A morte desta forrageira tem trazido prejuízos ao sistema: Síndrome da Morte do Braquiarão. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar aspectos relacionados à composição bromatológica como fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra insolúvel em detergente ácido (FDA) e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) de 10 forrageiras em área acometida pela Síndrome: Mulato II, Estrela roxa, Llanero, Marandu, Massai, Mombaça, Piatã, Ruziziensis, Tanzania e Xaraés, nas estações de verão e outono. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Os valores de fibra em detergente neutro foram distintos entre cultivares e época do ano. Apesar de apresentarem teores médios próximos, o verão apresentou menor valor (62,0%) do que o outono (63,0%). O teor de FDA foi superior na estação de outono (46,87%) quando comparado a média do verão (31,85%). O teor de FDA dos cultivares Estrela roxa, Tanzânia e Ruziziensis diferiram entre estações do ano avaliadas. Os cultivares Mulato II e Ruziziensis apresentaram os menores valores de FDA e de DIVMS durante o verão. As forrageiras Mulato II, Piatã e Marandu apresentaram sintomas clássicos de Síndrome da Morte do Braquiarão

Impact of gestational weight gain on obstetric and neonatal outcomes in obese diabetic women

Both obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus are increasing in prevalence, being a major health problem in pregnancy with independent and additive impact on obstetrics outcomes. It is recognized that inadequate gestational weight gain is an independent risk factor for pregnancy-related morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gestational weight gain on obstetric and neonatal outcomes in obese women with gestational diabetes

A search for ultra-high-energy photons at the Pierre Auger Observatory exploiting air-shower universality

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the most sensitive detector to primary photons with energies above ∼0.2 EeV. It measures extensive air showers using a hybrid technique that combines a fluorescence detector (FD) with a ground array of particle detectors (SD). The signatures of a photon-induced air shower are a larger atmospheric depth at the shower maximum (X$_{max}$) and a steeper lateral distribution function, along with a lower number of muons with respect to the bulk of hadron-induced background. Using observables measured by the FD and SD, three photon searches in different energy bands are performed. In particular, between threshold energies of 1-10 EeV, a new analysis technique has been developed by combining the FD-based measurement of X$_{max}$ with the SD signal through a parameter related to its muon content, derived from the universality of the air showers. This technique has led to a better photon/hadron separation and, consequently, to a higher search sensitivity, resulting in a tighter upper limit than before. The outcome of this new analysis is presented here, along with previous results in the energy ranges below 1 EeV and above 10 EeV. From the data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory in about 15 years of operation, the most stringent constraints on the fraction of photons in the cosmic flux are set over almost three decades in energy

Study on multi-ELVES in the Pierre Auger Observatory

Since 2013, the four sites of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory record ELVES with a dedicated trigger. These UV light emissions are correlated to distant lightning strikes. The length of recorded traces has been increased from 100 μs (2013), to 300 μs (2014-16), to 900 μs (2017-present), to progressively extend the observation of the light emission towards the vertical of the causative lightning and beyond. A large fraction of the observed events shows double ELVES within the time window, and, in some cases, even more complex structures are observed. The nature of the multi-ELVES is not completely understood but may be related to the different types of lightning in which they are originated. For example, it is known that Narrow Bipolar Events can produce double ELVES, and Energetic In-cloud Pulses, occurring between the main negative and upper positive charge layer of clouds, can induce double and even quadruple ELVES in the ionosphere. This report shows the seasonal and daily dependence of the time gap, amplitude ratio, and correlation between the pulse widths of the peaks in a sample of 1000+ multi-ELVES events recorded during the period 2014-20. The events have been compared with data from other satellite and ground-based sensing devices to study the correlation of their properties with lightning observables such as altitude and polarity