Cultivo de células Schwann y efecto de la neurregulina sobre el mismo

Las Células de Schwann forman parte del tejido glial del sistema nervioso periférico. Su principal función es la participación en la regeneración del mimo cuando ha sufrido una lesión. Por ello,es importante llevar a cabo estudios para perfeccionar la regeneración de las mismas in vitro, aumentando su rendimiento para su posterior aplicación en la terapéutica de enfermedades que afectan al adulto. Llevamos a cabo el cultivo de células de Schwann procedentes del Nervio Ciático de una rata Wistar, previamente sometidas a un fenómeno de pre-degeneración administrando neurregulina. Podemos observar como la neurregulina aumenta la proliferación y por tanto el rendimiento de los cultivos de células de Schwann en los que se administró la misma y como estas células mantienen sus características típicas. De la misma manera, pudimos observar como la neurregulina facilitaba el crecimiento de las células de Schwann, pero no de otros tipos celulares como los fibroblastos, y por tanto aumentaba la riqueza de los cultivos.Biología Celular, Histología y FarmacologíaMáster en Investigación en Ciencias de la Salu

La atrofia cerebral como predictor de reperfusión endovascular fútil en el infarto cerebral agudo de circulación anterior

Objetivos: 1) Investigar el impacto pronóstico de la atrofia cerebral sobre el riesgo de RF en pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo tratados TEV. 2) Investigar si existe interacción entre el grado de atrofia y el volumen del infarto en la determinación del riesgo de RF. 3) Investigar si existe interacción entre la atrofia y la edad en la determinación del riesgo de RF. 4)Investigar si existe asociación entre la atrofia y variables pronósticas intermedias tras TEV. Métodos: se estudiaron de forma consecutiva los pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo con oclusión arterial intracraneal de territorio anterior tratados mediante TEV. La atrofia cerebral fue valorada en el TC basal mediante la escala GCA y el índice de Evans. El volumen del infarto fue evaluado en el TC de control. La RF fue la principal variable. Interacciones de la atrofia con la edad y el volumen del infarto fueron estudiadas con modelos regresión.Departamento de Medicina, Dermatología y ToxicologíaDoctorado en Investigación Biomédic

The frequency of rehospitalization and associated factors in Colombian psychiatric patients: a cohort study

BACKGROUND: The rehospitalization of patients with mental disorders is common, with rehospitalization rates of up to 80% observed in these patients. This phenomenon negatively impacts families, patients, and the health care system. Several factors have been associated with an increased likelihood of rehospitalization. This study was aimed at determining the frequency and the factors associated with rehospitalization in a psychiatric clinic. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study with 361 patients who were hospitalized at the Clinic of Our Lady of Peace in Bogota, Colombia from August-December 2009. We calculated the incidence rates of rehospitalization and the risk factors using Cox regression. RESULTS: Overall, 60% of the patients in this cohort were rehospitalized during the year that followed the index event. The variables associated with rehospitalization were separated, divorced, or single status; higher socio-economic strata; a longer duration of index hospitalization; and a diagnosis of substance abuse, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or depression. CONCLUSIONS: The rehospitalization rate in our study was as high as reported in other studies. The associated factors with it in this group, may contribute to the design of programs that will reduce the frequency of rehospitalization among patients with mental disorders, in countries like Colombia. Additionally, these results may be useful in interventions, such as coping skills training, psycho-education, and community care strategies, which have been demonstrated to reduce the frequency of rehospitalization

Amine-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A New Nanoantibiotic for Bone Infection Treatment

This manuscript reports an effective new alternative for the management of bone infection by the 5 development of an antibiotic nanocarrier able to penetrate bacterial biofilm, thus enhancing antimicrobial effectiveness. This nanosystem, also denoted as “nanoantibiotic”, consists in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with an antimicrobial agent (levofloxacin, LEVO) 10 and externally functionalized with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (DAMO) as targeting agent. This amine functionalization provides MSNs of positive charges, which improves the affinity towards the negatively charged bacteria wall and biofilm. Physical and 15 chemical properties of the nanoantibiotic were studied using different characterization techniques, including Xray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption porosimetry, elemental chemical analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta (� )-potential 20 and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). “In vial” LEVO release profiles and the in vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of the different released doses were investigated. The efficacy of the nanoantibiotic against a S. aureus biofilm was also determined, showing the practically total 25 destruction of the biofilmdue to the high penetration ability of the developed nanosystem. These findings open up promising expectations in the field of bone infection treatment

Angeítis granulomatosa del sistema nervioso central. Informe de autopsia

The medical history and post-mortem findings of a 29-year-old male who was admitted to the Neurology Department due to headache and bilateral amaurosis are reported. His evolution was torpid, with sustained headache, behavioral changes, visual hallucinations and psychomotor agitation. The patient died at 18 days of hospital stay. At necropsy, it was found a granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system with extensive hemorrhagic infarcts in the bilateral temporo-occipital lobes and the brainstem associated with severe cerebral edema.Se presentaron la historia clínica y los hallazgos post-mortem de un varón de 29 años de edad que fue admitido en el Servicio de Neurología por cefalea y amaurosis bilateral. Su evolución fue tórpida, con cefalea mantenida, alteraciones conductuales, alucinaciones visuales y excitación psicomotriz; falleció a los 18 días de estadía hospitalaria. En la necropsia realizada se comprobó una angeítis granulomatosa del sistema nervioso central con infartos hemorrágicos extensos en los lóbulos temporo-occipitales bilaterales y el tallo encefálico asociado a edema cerebral severo

La escritura de reseñas una estrategia para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico

78 Páginas.Este trabajo, se centra en el análisis de la incidencia de la elaboración de reseñas literarias en el desarrollo de habilidades del Pensamiento Crítico. Lo anterior, en el ámbito del estudiantado de la formación inicial de maestros de la Escuela Normal Superior María Auxiliadora de Villapinzón, Cundinamarca. El trabajo incluye, entre otros elementos un amplio y detallado diagnóstico de los desempeños que caracterizan el Pensamiento Crítico de las estudiantes con quienes se trabajó, así como una relación clara entre lo expuesto en el plano teórico, con los datos producto de la propuesta de trabajo en el aula, lo cual permitió un completo análisis de estos últimos. El trabajo se basa principalmente, en la reivindicación del maestro y su formación inicial, explorando una estrategia metodológica, orientada a responder a la necesidad de forjar herramientas que ayuden a cumplir con la responsabilidad de formar personas críticas. Es entonces valioso proponer la utilización de la reseña literaria y valorar sus alcances en la formación inicial de maestros

Documentación del Sistema de Gestión de Calidad de un laboratorio de una empresa de inyección de plásticos según la norma UNE-EN-ISO 17025:2005

El objeto del proyecto es documentar el Sistema de Gestión de Calidad de un laboratorio de ensayos ubicado en una PYME tipo, PLASTICAUTO, dedicada a la fabricación mediante la tecnología de inyección, de piezas de plástico para el sector de la Automoción. Las actividades de ensayo que el laboratorio realiza están destinadas a la validación y control de calidad de las piezas que PLASTICAUTO suministra a sus clientes, así como al control de recepción de las materias primas necesarias para su fabricación. Este proyecto incluirá el Manual de Gestión del Laboratorio y sus Políticas, Procedimientos Generales, Instrucciones Técnicas, Registros y otros documentos necesarios para satisfacer tanto los requisitos organizativos como los requisitos técnicos contemplados en la norma UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005

Low-risk polycythemia vera treated with phlebotomies: clinical characteristics, hematologic control and complications in 453 patients from the Spanish Registry of Polycythemia Vera

Myelofibrosis; Phlebotomies; ThrombosisMielofibrosi; Flebotomies; TrombosiMielofibrosis; Flebotomías; TrombosisHematological control, incidence of complications, and need for cytoreduction were studied in 453 patients with low-risk polycythemia vera (PV) treated with phlebotomies alone. Median hematocrit value decreased from 54% at diagnosis to 45% at 12 months, and adequate hematocrit control over time ( 60 years, and microvascular symptoms constituted the main indications for starting cytoreduction. Median duration without initiating cytoreduction was significantly longer in patients younger than 50 years (< 0.0001). The incidence rate of thrombosis under phlebotomies alone was 0.8% per year and the estimated probability of thrombosis at 10 years was 8.5%. The probability of arterial thrombosis was significantly higher in patients with arterial hypertension whereas there was a trend to higher risk of venous thrombosis in cases with high JAK2V617F allele burden. Rates of major bleeding and second primary neoplasm were low. With a median follow-up of 9 years, survival probability at 10 years was 97%, whereas the probability of myelofibrosis at 10 and 20 years was 7% and 20%, respectively. Progression to acute myeloid leukemia was documented in 3 cases (1%). Current management of low-risk PV patients is associated with low rate of thrombosis and long survival. New treatment strategies are needed for improving hematological control and, in the long term, reducing progression to myelofibrosis.This work was supported by PI18/01472, PI18/00205, and PI21/00231 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through the Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación. GEMFIN received a grant from Novartis for the development of the Spanish Registry of Polycythemia Vera and for conducting the present project

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Decorated with Polycationic Dendrimers for Infection Treatment

This work aims to provide an effective and novel solution for the treatment of infection by using nanovehicles loaded with antibiotics capable of penetrating the bacterial wall, thus increasing the antimicrobial effectiveness. These nanosystems, named "nanoantibiotics", are composed of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which act as nanocarriers of an antimicrobial agent (levofloxacin, LEVO) localized inside the mesopores. To provide the nanosystem of bacterial membrane interaction capability, a polycationic dendrimer, concretely the poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer of third generation (G3), was covalently grafted to the external surface of the LEVOloaded MSNs. After physicochemical characterization of this nanoantibiotic, the release kinetics of LEVO and the antimicrobial efficacy of each released dosage were evaluated. Besides, internalization studies of the MSNs functionalized with the G3 dendrimer were carried out, showing a high penetrability throughout Gram-negative bacterial membranes. This work evidences that the synergistic combination of polycationic dendrimers as bacterial membrane permeabilization agents with LEVO-loaded MSNs triggers an efficient antimicrobial effect on Gram-negative bacterial biofilm. These positive results open up very promising expectations for their potential application in new infection therapies

Caffeinating the biofuels market:Effect of the processing conditions during the production of biofuels and high-value chemicals by hydrothermal treatment of residual coffee pulp

5 figures, 4 tables, supplementary information.-- © 2021. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/The manufacturing of coffee, one of the most popular beverages globally, renders enormous amounts of by-products and wastes, which may trigger severe environmental issues if not treated appropriately. The coffee pulp, resulting from the wet processing of coffee, is the predominant by-product, with around 10 Mt annually produced worldwide. For the first time, this work addresses the hydrothermal treatment of coffee pulp to produce biofuels and platform molecules, scrutinising the influence of the processing conditions (temperature, pressure, reaction time and solid/water ratio) on the process. This strategy allowed the transformation of coffee pulp into bio-crude and hydrochar in different yields (10–26% and 10–42%, respectively), depending on the conditions. The bio-crude included a pool of alkanes, carboxylic acids, ketones, phenols and nitrogen species, with varying quantities of C (54–71 wt%), H (6–7 wt%), O (18–34 wt%) and N (3–5 wt%) and a calorific value shifting from 23 to 32 MJ/kg. The hydrochar contained different proportions of C (57–72 wt%), H (4–6 wt%), O (20–35 wt%) and N (2–3 wt%) and had a calorific value between 22 and 29 MJ/kg. Process optimisation showed that up to 45% of the coffee pulp could be simultaneously converted into energy-rich (29 MJ/kg), merchantable liquid (20% bio-crude) and solid (24% hydrochar) biofuels during the treatment of a 15 wt% coffee pulp suspension at 320 °C and 162 bar for 1 h. At the same time, a bio-crude with a high proportion of profitable phenolic derivatives (42%) can be attained in high yield (25%) when a 5 wt% suspension is treated at 280 °C and 120 bar for 2 h. These promising results, along with the bespoke nature of this hydrothermal treatment, are a landmark achievement for the economy and sustainability of coffee producer countries, thus representing a pioneering step change towards the sustainable management of early-stage coffee leftovers.The authors wish to express their gratefulness to FEDER, the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Grant Number ENE2017-83854-R) and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) (Grant Number COOPA20367) for providing financial support. Besides, Javier Remón is very grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for the Juan de la Cierva (JdC) fellowships (Grant Numbers FJCI-2016-30847 and IJC2018-037110-I) awarded. Lorena Pedraza-Segura and Pedro Arcelus-Arrillaga would like to acknowledge the financial support of INIAT and DINV at Universidad Iberoamericana for their research.Peer reviewe