Crescimento e produção de compostos bioativos da macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivada in vitro com efluente de bioflocos e extrato de ascophyllum nodosum

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aqüicultura, Florianópolis, 2015.Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o efeito bioestimulante do efluente do cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei em sistema de bioflocos (BFT) e do extrato comercial de Ascophyllum nodosum (AMPEP) no crescimento e perfil metabólico (carotenóides e compostos fenólicos) da macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivada in vitro. Os meios de cultura contendo água do mar esterilizada (controle) adicionada de solução von Stosch 50% (Vs), efluente de BFT 25% (BFT), AMPEP (0,1g L-1, 30 min - Ap) e as combinações de tratamentos Vs+Ap e BFT+Ap mostraram-se adequados à sobrevivência de 100% dos talos. Em todos os tratamentos foi detectado a ocorrência da ?doença? ice-ice. As amostras tratadas com Vs e BFT apresentaram as maiores taxas médias de crescimento, 1,70 ± 0,14 % dia-1 e 1,56 ± 0,08 % dia-1 respectivamente, não diferindo (p>0,05) entre si. De outra forma, menores e similares incrementos de biomassa foram observados nos tratamentos controle (0,51 ± 0,05 % dia-1) e Ap (0,57 ± 0,07 % dia-1). A suplementação do meio de cultura com BFT estimulou a biossíntese de compostos fenólicos (92,2 ± 22,4 µg g-1 biomassa seca) e flavonóides totais (18,8 ± 0,6 µg g-1 biomassa seca), enquanto talos cultivados em BFT+Ap apresentaram conteúdos de carotenóides totais (239,3 ± 9,3 µg g-1 biomassa seca) superiores (pAbstract : This work aimed to determine in vitro the biostimulant effect of Litopenaeus vannamei effluent cultivation in bio-flocs system (BFT) and the commercial extract of Ascophyllum nodosum (AMPEP) on growth and metabolic profile (carotenoids and phenolic compounds) of the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. Culture media containing sterilized seawater (control) added with von Stosch solution 50% (Vs), BFT effluent 25% (BFT), AMPEP (0.1g L-1, 30 min - Ap), and combinations of treatments Vs Ap and BFT Ap allowed 100% survival of the propagules. In all treatments, ice-ice "disease" was detected. The samples treated with Vs and BFT had the highest average growth rates, i.e., 1.70 ± 0.14% day-1 and 1.56 ± 0.08% day-1 respectively, not differing (p<0.05) each other. Otherwise, smaller and similar increments of biomass were observed in the control (0.51% ± 0.05 day-1) and Ap (0.57 ± 0.07% day-1). Supplementation of culture medium with BFT stimulated biosynthesis of phenolic compounds (92.2 ± 22.4 µg g-1 dry weight) and flavonoids (18.8 ± 0.6 µg g-1 dry weight), while propagules grown on BFT Ap presented superior total carotenoid content (239.3 ± 9.3 µg g-1 dry weight, p <0.05). Higher values (p <0.05) of inhibition of the DPPH radical were observed in seaweed methanolic extracts treated with Vs (13.4 ± 1.5%) and Vs+Ap (13.4 ± 0.6%). Results demonstrated that the treatments effectively altered both K. alvarezii´s growth and secondary metabolism, especially with supplementation of the seawater with Vs and BFT. These treatments produced increases of biomass and carotenoids and phenolic compounds of recognized biological effects (e.g., antioxidants). In addition, the BFT treatment highlight from others with significant increase of total phenolics and flavonoids suggesting an interesting context to the analysis of epigenetic manipulation of K. alvarezii crops on a large scale and their possible outcome in aquaculture engineering and related production sectors

Cultivation of the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii using biofloc effluent

The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of effluent from a Biofloc System (BFT) as a fertilizer for the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated in tanks and analyze its influence on carrageenan yield and quality. Firstly, the optimum effluent concentration and period for enrichment were determined by an in vitro study. The seedlings were then cultivated for 7 days in two different culture media: 50% von Stosch solution (V) and 25% BFT (B), both diluted in sterilized seawater. Seaweeds cultivated only in sterilized seawater were used as a control (C). After this period, all plants were grown in only sterilized seawater for a further 28 days. Seedlings from V (1.05 +/- 0.02% day(-1)) and B (1.13 +/- 0.01% day(-1)) showed no significant differences in growth rates, being both higher than the control (0.91 +/- 0.06% day(-1)). Seedlings from V and B also removed a greater quantity of nitrate (58.39% and 22.97%, respectively). Seedlings from V removed 100% phosphate, while those from B removed 83.58%. The tissue nitrogen content was higher only in the V. Although no significant differences were observed among treatments in the carrageenan yield, significantly higher gel strength and viscosity were observed in B (248.85 g cm(-2) and 19.89 mPa s, respectively). According to the results, BFT effluent can be used to replace von Stosch solution to grow K. alvarezii in tanks. At the same time, the seaweed, together with bacteria and microalgae from the effluent, can be an effective biofilter in IMTA systems using bioflocs.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) [308631/2017-0