Økonomiske avvik i Helseetaten: En undersøkende studie om muligheter for læring ved bruk av RPA

Samfunnet stiller i dag høye krav til at offentlige virksomheter bruker deres ressurser på en kostnadseffektiv måte, som speiler samfunnets behov av offentlige tjenester. Den teknologiske omstillingen i samfunnet fører til et behov for nye og forbedrede styringsverktøy som kan effektivisere og forbedre tradisjonell rapportering, og potensielt bidra til ny læring i organisasjoner. I denne case-undersøkelsen ser vi nærmere på hvordan Robotic Process Automation (RPA) kan bidra til å skape læringsprosesser ved økonomiske avvik i Helseetaten. Basert på fem kvalitative intervjuer av nøkkelinformanter, og tidligere publisert teori har vi utarbeidet en egen læringsmodell for bruk av industri 4.0-teknologier. Modellen skal bidra med økt bevissthet til hvilket kunnskapsnivå organisasjonen har i dag, og hvordan kunnskapen om industri 4.0-teknologier bidrar til økt verdiskapning. Læringsmodellen kan også bidra til å bevisstgjøre hvordan virksomheten kan bruke ressurser effektivt ved hjelp av ny teknologi, og bevare kunnskap i virksomheten gjennom overordnede prioriteringer. Våre funn viser at Helseetaten har en etablert læringskultur tilknyttet deres kjernekompetanse, hvilket bidrar til forbedret styring i virksomheten. Selv om organisasjonen har et godt grunnlag for organisatorisk læring, viser våre funn at Helseetaten ikke har nok kunnskap om RPA for at det skal bidra til læring og økt virksomhetsytelse i dag. På bakgrunn av vår undersøkelse konkluderer vi med at RPA-teknologi kan bidra til læring ved økonomiske avvik, og dermed forbedret økonomisk styring. Vi fremhever til slutt områder for videre forskning.Society today places high demands on the Norwegian public sector to use their resources in a cost-effective manner, which reflects society's needs for public services. The technological development in society leads to a need for new and improved management tools that can enhance and improve traditional reporting, and potentially contribute to new learning in organizations. In this case study, we take a closer look at how Robotic Process Automation (RPA) can contribute to creating learning processes in the event of financial deviations in Oslo Local Authority, Agency for Health. Based on five qualitative interviews of key informants, and previously published theory, we have created our own learning model for the usage of industry 4.0 technologies. The model will contribute to increased awareness of the level of knowledge the organization has today, and how the knowledge of Industry 4.0 technologies contributes to increased value creation. The learning model can also help to raise awareness of how the business can use resources efficiently with the help of new technology and preserve knowledge in the business through overall priorities. Our findings show that the Oslo Local Authority, Agency for Health has an established learning culture linked to their core competence, which contributes to improved management in the business. Although the organization has a good foundation for organizational learning, our findings show that the Oslo Local Authority, Agency for Health does not have enough knowledge about RPA for it to contribute to learning and increased business performance today. On the basis of our investigation, we conclude that RPA technology can contribute to learning in the event of financial deviations, and thus improved financial management. Finally, we highlight areas for further research

The Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Rectal SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Danish COVID-19 Patients and the General Population

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global pandemic since its outbreak in Wuhan, 2019. Virus transmission primarily occurs through close contact, respiratory droplets, and aerosol particles. However, since SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in fecal and rectal samples from infected individuals, the fecal-oral route has been suggested as another potential route of transmission. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of rectal SARS-CoV-2 shedding in Danish COVID-19 patients. Methods: Hospitalized and non-hospitalized adults and children who were recently tested with a pharyngeal COVID-19 test, were included in the study. A rectal swab was collected from all participants. Hospitalized adults and COVID-19 positive children were followed with both pharyngeal and rectal swabs until two consecutive negative results were obtained. RT-qPCR targeting the envelope gene was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the samples. Demographic, medical, and biochemical information was obtained through questionnaires and medical records. Results: Twenty-eight of 52 (53.8%) COVID-19 positive adults and children were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in rectal swabs. Seven of the rectal positive participants were followed for more than 6 days. Two of these (28.6%) continued to test positive in their rectal swabs for up to 29 days after the pharyngeal swabs had turned negative. Hospitalized rectal positive and rectal negative adults were comparable regarding demographic, medical, and biochemical information. Furthermore, no difference was observed in the severity of the disease among the two groups. Conclusions: We provided evidence of rectal SARS-CoV-2 shedding in Danish COVID-19 patients. The clinical importance of rectal SARS-CoV-2 shedding appears to be minimal

Genetic diversity among pandemic 2009 influenza viruses isolated from a transmission chain

BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses such as swine-origin influenza A(H1N1) virus (A(H1N1)pdm09) generate genetic diversity due to the high error rate of their RNA polymerase, often resulting in mixed genotype populations (intra-host variants) within a single infection. This variation helps influenza to rapidly respond to selection pressures, such as those imposed by the immunological host response and antiviral therapy. We have applied deep sequencing to characterize influenza intra-host variation in a transmission chain consisting of three cases due to oseltamivir-sensitive viruses, and one derived oseltamivir-resistant case. METHODS: Following detection of the A(H1N1)pdm09 infections, we deep-sequenced the complete NA gene from two of the oseltamivir-sensitive virus-infected cases, and all eight gene segments of the viruses causing the remaining two cases. RESULTS: No evidence for the resistance-causing mutation (resulting in NA H275Y substitution) was observed in the oseltamivir-sensitive cases. Furthermore, deep sequencing revealed a subpopulation of oseltamivir-sensitive viruses in the case carrying resistant viruses. We detected higher levels of intra-host variation in the case carrying oseltamivir-resistant viruses than in those infected with oseltamivir-sensitive viruses. CONCLUSIONS: Oseltamivir-resistance was only detected after prophylaxis with oseltamivir, suggesting that the mutation was selected for as a result of antiviral intervention. The persisting oseltamivir-sensitive virus population in the case carrying resistant viruses suggests either that a small proportion survive the treatment, or that the oseltamivir-sensitive virus rapidly re-establishes itself in the virus population after the bottleneck. Moreover, the increased intra-host variation in the oseltamivir-resistant case is consistent with the hypothesis that the population diversity of a RNA virus can increase rapidly following a population bottleneck

Differential bacterial capture and transport preferences facilitate co-growth on dietary xylan in the human gut

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Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls of European descent, with follow-up analysis of 822 variants with P < 1 × 10-4 in an additional 9,412 cases and 137,760 controls. Eight of the 19 variants that were genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10-8) in the discovery GWAS were not genome-wide significant in the combined analysis, consistent with small effect sizes and limited power but also with genetic heterogeneity. In the combined analysis, 30 loci were genome-wide significant, including 20 newly identified loci. The significant loci contain genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitter transporters and synaptic components. Pathway analysis revealed nine significantly enriched gene sets, including regulation of insulin secretion and endocannabinoid signaling. Bipolar I disorder is strongly genetically correlated with schizophrenia, driven by psychosis, whereas bipolar II disorder is more strongly correlated with major depressive disorder. These findings address key clinical questions and provide potential biological mechanisms for bipolar disorder

Synthesis of branched and linear 1,4-linked galactan oligosaccharides

Strategic naphthylidine protection allows for the rapid assembly of linear and branched 1,4-galactans.</p