PRINCIPAL AND SURETY - DISCHARGE OF SURETY FOR A LESSEE BY ASSIGNMENT OF THE LEASE

Lands set aside by statute as common property of the Chickasaw and Choctaw Indian tribes were, pursuant to an act of Congress, leased to one Gunther by mining trustees of the tribes. The lease contained covenants to pay stipulated annual advance royalties, and also provided that no assignment should be made without the consent of the trustees subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Interior. Defendant surety company executed a bond for the faithful performance of the terms of the lease, and the same was duly approved. Then Gunther, with the consent of the trustees, but not the approval of the Secretary of the Interior or surety, assigned the lease to a mining company in which he owned 298 of the 300 shares of stock. From 1925 to 1930 the company failed to pay royalties falling due. In 1930 the surety, then notified of the assignment, entered into an agreement with the company whereby the latter should build up a fund for payment of the past due royalties. A small amount had been paid to the federal government on account when suit was instituted against Gunther and the surety for the balance. Held, over the defenses of assignment and alteration of the contract and estoppel, that the surety company was liable. American Surety Co. of New York v. United, States, (C. C. A. 10th, 1940) 112 F. (2d) 903

Putting men’s abuse of women on the childcare agenda : an innovative specialist domestic abuse project

The MAZE project is an innovative specialist domestic abuse service that undertakes intensive work with women affected by domestic abuse and their partners. This paper will describe the project and present findings from a small evaluation undertaken in 2010. Examples from MAZE work with individual women, direct work with men, and the MAZE project contribution to multi-agency work are used to illustrate how and why the project is successful and the challenges in achieving this. An important theme arising from this work is the central importance of keeping focused upon the safety of women and children, and upon understanding, assessing and addressing the risks and responsibilities of the domestic violence behaviours. Importantly this turns professional attention towards men and their behaviour and benefits women and children. Whilst the MAZE project is an example of innovation in service user-led organisations, it also demonstrates new directions for working with high risk families where domestic abuse is a featur

Anchorage of High-Strength Reinforcing Bars with Standard Hooks: Initial Tests

This report describes the initial tests on the anchorage strength of standard hooked bars in concrete. The goal of the testing is to determine the effects embedment length, side cover, tail cover, quantity of transverse reinforcement, location of longitudinal reinforcement, concrete strength, bar size, and bar bend on the anchorage strength of hooked bars in concrete. Initial tests have been performed on No. 5 and No. 8 bars, with 90° and 180° hooks, cast in concrete with a nominal compressive strength of 5000 psi. Further testing will also include No. 11 bars and concrete strengths up to 15,000 psi. The goal of this study is to gain a firm understanding of the anchorage strength of hooked bars in concrete as a function of the key variables and use the data to establish reliability-based design expressions for development length. Thus far, the testing apparatus has been fabricated, the testing procedures have been established, and the initial specimens have been tested. The test results agree qualitatively with those in previous studies and show that hook strength increases with increased embedment length, side cover, and confining reinforcement. The results also show that hook strength is greater for hooks anchored within a column core than for hooks anchored outside of the core. The latter case is appropriate to hooks anchoring bars at the end of cantilever beams

Health visiting and safeguarding children: a perfect storm?

Health visitors play an important role in safeguarding and protecting children. In this paper we review current research evidence and professional literature about this aspect of health visiting and highlight some of the practice challenges in undertaking this work. Three critical issues are discussed. The invisibility and unquestioned nature of much health visiting safeguarding work; that health visitors with their clinical expertise and accepted home visiting role are well placed to undertake this type of work; and the challenges of ensuring effective safeguarding within the context of economic austerity. The paper highlights the important contribution of contemporary health visiting to safeguarding children and child protection. It is important that this role is made explicit to those commissioning health visiting services for children in the early years

Ceropegia macmasteri (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa

Ceropegia macmasteri, a new species from Cathcart in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, is only known from a single population in Dohne sourveld grassland where it occurs with another rare local endemic species of the Ceropegieae, Brachystelma cathcartense R.A.Dyer. The new species, an herbaceous grassland plant with a tuberous rootstock, most closely resembles C. stentiae E.A.Bruce, but is distinguished by its linear-erect corona lobes and inner corona conniving to form a central column

Geochemical and petrographic insights from speleothems: Records of Holocene Eastern Mediterranean climate

In this thesis, new Holocene palaeoclimate information from speleothems is presented from three regions (central Peloponnese Greece, south west Turkey and the eastern forelands of the Zagros Mountains, Iran) where the spatial distribution of Holocene climate records is low. This study uses a multi-proxy approach with particular emphasis on petrography and stable isotope analysis. Holocene growth of stalagmite KTR-2 (11,900 yr BP to 6700 yr BP) from Limnon Cave in the central Peloponnese is broadly coincident with the formation of Sapropel 1. The early Holocene was generally wetter than at present. A record of the 8.2 kyr event was obtained from KTR-2 using high resolution trace element ICP-MS and micromilled stable isotope samples. Arid conditions are implied by δ18O and trace elements, with aridity probably beginning ~9000 yr BP. δ13C data suggests precipitation may have been strongly seasonal during the 8.2 kyr event. Distinct grey coloured layers in HY-8, a stalagmite from Sirtlanini Cave, SW Turkey, represent fire events occurring above the cave; there is however, no suggestion that the fires occurred during periods of relatively enhanced aridity. The palaeoclimate record spans ~5600 yr BP to the present day, but does not indicate any significant long term reduction in precipitation. The HY-8 δ18O record suggests the 4.2 kyr anomaly was a two-step aridity event occurring between 4290 and 3850 yr BP. A distinct pluvial event from 4890-4290 yr BP is also recorded by δ18O, as is evidence for the Little Ice Age (630-280 yr BP). The Holocene section of stalagmite KT-3, from the eastern forelands of the Zagros Mountains in Iran, grew from 9400 yr BP to present. The early Holocene until ~7000 yr BP was wetter than the present day. Multiple proxies show falling precipitation amounts from ~7000 yr BP, plateauing from ~3000 yr BP to present. There is very little short term fluctuation in δ18O but the overall trend has a profile similar to the decline of solar insolation in the Holocene, which appears to be responsible for the long term reduction in winter precipitation. In KT-3, the correlation between Ba/Ca and δ13C fluctuations might be a more sensitive indicator of moisture. A significant positive δ13C excursion could be recording the 8.2 kyr event. Additionally, this thesis presents a specific petrographic study from two different, but discontinuously grown, Turkish stalagmites. These stalagmites grew very differently and within different epochs. Petrography has been used to interpret and relate fabrics to their environment of formation and identified micro-dissolution as a prominent feature of growth. A link between these micro-dissolution events and stratigraphically inverted U-series dates is proposed

Child-centric Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the fragmentation of child welfare practice in England

The ways in which government supports families and protects children are always a fine balance. In recent years, we suggest that this balance can be characterised increasingly as ‘child-centric’, less concerned with families and more focused on individual children and their needs. This article charts the changes in families and government responses over the last 40 years, and the way this is reflected in organisational and administrative arrangements. It notes in particular the impact on everyday practice of the introduction of information and communication technologies. Findings are reported from recent research which shows the struggles faced by practitioners who try to manage systems which separate children from their familial, social and relational contexts. As a consequence, we suggest, the work has become increasingly fragmented and less mindful of children's life within families. While the data and analysis draw on research carried out in England, we suggest that similar changes may be going on in other Western liberal democracies

A study of John Donne through his poetry

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Unpacking multiculturalism in the ICT workplace: Differences in responses to workplace situations for English and non-English speaking backgrounds

This paper presents a detailed ethnographic study of the design problems of a major national IT system in UK child protection and welfare services. The implementation of the Integrated Children’s System (ICS) has disrupted social work practice and engendered growing professional resistance, prompting a fundamental review of its design. Marshall McLuhan’s concept of chiasmus is a central feature of the analysis presented here of the tribulations of the ICS. Chiasmus refers to the tendency of any system, when pushed too far, to produce unintended contradictory effects, and is an intrinsic feature of the behaviour of complex, socio-technical systems. The dysfunctions of the ICS provide a pertinent, large-scale example. The ICS constitutes an attempt, via technological means, to reorganize child welfare services in the UK. Whilst aimed at improving child safety, the ICS has had the opposite effect of increasing the potential for error. This chiasmus has been exposed through the multi-site ethnography reported here, which shows how rigidly designed processes, enforced by IT systems, force social work professionals into unsafe investigative and recording practices which put children at greater risk. The paper ends by proposing an alternative approach to design, based on proven socio-technical precepts, emphasizing the principles of minimum critical specification, usercenteredness and local autonomy

Organising Health Visiting – UK Frontline Perspectives

The organisation of health visitor work is an important part of service design that can impact on when and where services are provided and who gains access. The paper reports a 2018 survey of UK health visitors conducted to provide an overview of the range of ways that health visitor cases and workloads are organised. The 584 respondents confirm the operation of three broad types of health visitor service delivery models. Namely the: individual case, corporate case or combination model. Themes that emerge from practitioner experiences of working with different models reflect concerns about: continuity and staffing; accommodating different needs; different services in different places. Overall these data indicate a lack of consistency in health visitor service across the UK. The advantages and disadvantages of each workload model is also detailed and are considered with respect to markers of a quality service, including achieving relationships with clients and sufficient communication within and across teams