Vortex breakdown and control experiments in the Ames-Dryden water tunnel

Flow-field measurements have been made to determine the effects of core blowing on vortex breakdown and control. The results of these proof-of-concept experiments clearly demonstrate the usefulness of water tunnels as test platforms for advanced flow-field simulation and measurement

Control of forebody three-dimensional flow separations

Some experiments involving the development of the turbulent symmetric vortex flow about the lee side of a 5 deg semiangle conical forebody at high relative incidence are discussed. The cone was immersed in a Mach 0.6 airstream at a Reynolds number of 13.5 million based on the 1.4 - m axial length of the cone. Novel means of controlling the degree of asymmetry using blowing very close to the nose were investigated. Small amounts of air injected normally or tangentially to the cone surface, but on one side of the leeward meridian and beneath the vortex farthest from the wall, were effective in biasing the asymmetry. With this reorientation of the forebody vortices, the amplitude of the side force could be reduced to the point where its direction was reversed. This phenomenon could be obtained either by changing the blowing rate at constant incidence or by changing incidence at constant blowing rate. Normal injection was more effective than tangential injection. An organized and stable flow structure emerged with the jet vortices positioned above the forebody vortices

Symmetrical and asymmetrical separations about a yawed cone

Three dimensional flow separations about a circular cone were investigated in the Mach number range 0.6 - 1.8. The cone was tested in the Ames 1.8 by 1.8 m wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers based on the cone length from 4,500,000 to 13,500,000 under nominally zero heat transfer conditions. Results indicate that: (1) the lee-side separated flow develops from initially symmetrically disposed and near-conical separation lines at angle of incidence/cone semiangle equal to approximately 1, with the free shear layers eventually rolling up into tightly coiled vortices at all Mach numbers; (2) the onset of asymmetry of the lee-side separated flow about the mean pitch plane is sensitive to Mach number, Reynolds number, and the nose bluntness; and (3) as the Mach number is increased beyond 1.8, the critical angle of incidence for the onset of asymmetry increases until at about M = 2.75 there is no longer any significant side force development

Estimación del censo de guiones de codornices Crex crex: una aplicación de la individualidad vocal a la conservación

Vocal individuality could be used to estimate numbers of individuals in species otherwise difficult to monitor. However, the usefulness of this technique in providing conservation information is little studied. The vocalisations of the Corncrake show a high level of individual istinctiveness. This fact was used to examine current counting methods and estimate movement patterns within one breeding season. Information on individual identity gained from vocalisations increased census estimates by 20–30% and showed that male Corncrakes called less frequently than previous studies had suggested. Males moved greater distances in areas with lower availability of suitable habitat. The conservation implications of these results are discussed.La individualidad vocal puede utilizarse para estimar el número de individuos en especies que de otra manera sería difícil controlar. Sin embargo, la utilidad de esta técnica para obtener información acerca de la conservación ha sido poco estudiada. La vocalización del guión de codornices muestra un alto grado de diferenciación individual, lo que se utilizó para examinar métodos de recuento y estimar patrones de movimiento durante la época de reproducción. La información basada en la identificación individual a partir de las vocalizaciones incrementó la estimación del censo en un 20–30% y mostró que el macho del guión de codornices efectuaba cantos de llamada con menor frecuencia de lo que otros estudios previos sugerían. Los machos recorren grandes distancias en áreas que presentan una escasa disponibilidad de hábitats adecuados. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados en cuanto a la conservación

Predicting Adolescent Cognitive and Self-Regulatory Competencies From Preschool Delay of Gratification: Identifying Diagnostic Conditions

Variations of the self-imposed delay-of-gratification situation in preschool were compared to determine when individual differences in this situation may predict aspects of cognitive and self-regulatory competence and coping in adolescence. Preschool children from a university community participated in experiments that varied features of the self-imposed delay situation. Experimental analyses of the cognitive-attentional processes that affect waiting in this situation helped identify conditions in which delay behavior would be most likely to reflect relevant cognitive and attentional competencies. As hypothesized, in those conditions, coherent patterns of statistically significant correlations were found between seconds of delay time in such conditions in preschool and cognitive and academic competence and ability to cope with frustration and stress in adolescence

The role of vocal individuality in conservation

Identifying the individuals within a population can generate information on life history parameters, generate input data for conservation models, and highlight behavioural traits that may affect management decisions and error or bias within census methods. Individual animals can be discriminated by features of their vocalisations. This vocal individuality can be utilised as an alternative marking technique in situations where the marks are difficult to detect or animals are sensitive to disturbance. Vocal individuality can also be used in cases were the capture and handling of an animal is either logistically or ethically problematic. Many studies have suggested that vocal individuality can be used to count and monitor populations over time; however, few have explicitly tested the method in this role. In this review we discuss methods for extracting individuality information from vocalisations and techniques for using this to count and monitor populations over time. We present case studies in birds where vocal individuality has been applied to conservation and we discuss its role in mammals

A study of the social and physical environment in catering kitchens and the role of the chef in promoting positive health and safety behaviour

This is the account of a mixed method study of chefs and their kitchens in order to identify the nature of their workplace and how this affects their ability to manage health and safety in the kitchen. It included extended periods of observation, monitoring of physical parameters, analysis of records of reported accidents, and a series of reflexive interviews. The findings were integrated and then fed back in a smaller number of second interviews in order to test whether the findings fitted in with the chefs' understanding of their world. Major factors identified included survival in a market environment, the status of the chef (and the kitchen) within organisations, marked autocracy of chefs, and an increasing tempo building up to service time with commensurate heat, noise, and activity. In particular during the crescendo, a threshold shift in risk tolerance was identified. The factors, their interplay, and their implications for health and safety in the catering kitchen are discussed

Communications Biophysics

Contains reports on two research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 P01 GM14940-05

Examining Lower Limb Injuries among Male Amateur Soccer Player

Amateur players far outnumbered professional athletes, but they are often under shadowed in literatures. Unlike professional athletes, amateur players may not possess the resources, knowledge or guidance in treating sports injuries. Soccer is one of the popular sports with fewer literatures addressing amateur players. Quantitative method was used for data collection and analysis. The practical contribution of this study lies in terms of the exploring of risks factors leading to lower limb injuries, most common type and area of injuries faced by amateur soccer players in contrast with professional players. Preventive measures were also discussed. The implications of these findings are valuable to coaches, physical therapists and governments for understanding amateur players and arouse public awareness on health and safety