Resistance to DNA Damaging agents produced invasive phenotype of rat glioma cells-characterization of a new in vivo model

Chemoresistance and invasion properties are severe limitations to efficient glioma therapy. Therefore, development of glioma in vivo models that more accurately resemble the situation observed in patients emerges. Previously, we established RC6 rat glioma cell line resistant to DNA damaging agents including antiglioma approved therapies such as 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and temozolomide (TMZ). Herein, we evaluated the invasiveness of RC6 cells in vitro and in a new orthotopic animal model. For comparison, we used C6 cells from which RC6 cells originated. Differences in cell growth properties were assessed by real-time cell analyzer. Cells’ invasive potential in vitro was studied in fluorescently labeled gelatin and by formation of multicellular spheroids in hydrogel. For animal studies, fluorescently labeled cells were inoculated into adult male Wistar rat brains. Consecutive coronal and sagittal brain sections were analyzed 10 and 25 days post-inoculation, while rats’ behavior was recorded during three days in the open field test starting from 25th day post-inoculation. We demonstrated that development of chemoresistance induced invasive phenotype of RC6 cells with significant behavioral impediments implying usefulness of orthotopic RC6 glioma allograft in preclinical studies for the examination of new approaches to counteract both chemoresistance and invasion of glioma cells

Hydrachna simulans Marshall 1928

Hydrachna simulans Marshall, 1928 Material examined — Cambodia, 15-34-1 Angkor, ancient swimming pool of the king (named: Srah Srang acc. to Google Earth, 2015), 13°25’56.3"N, 103°54’18.5"E, alt. 27 m a.s.l., water depth 0.1 m, substrate: sand covered by a thin layer of detritus, some submersed macrophytes; 23.iv.2015, 1/0/0. Remarks — Lundblad (1969) placed Hydrachna similis Cook, 1967, H. mysorensis Cook, 1967 and H. kloomi Imamura, 1964 in synonymy under H. simulans. This treatment was followed by Peši´c et al. (2010), and by us here. Distribution — China, Thailand, India, Cambodia.Published as part of Pešic, V. & Smit, H., 2016, New records of water mites from Southeast Asia (Acari: Hydrachnidia) with the description of two new genera and 12 new species, pp. 393-433 in Acarologia 56 (3) on page 394, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20162251, http://zenodo.org/record/539597

New records of water mites from Southeast Asia (Acari: Hydrachnidia) with the description of two new genera and 12 new species

Pešic, V., Smit, H. (2016): New records of water mites from Southeast Asia (Acari: Hydrachnidia) with the description of two new genera and 12 new species. Acarologia 56 (3): 393-433, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20162251, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/2016225

Arrenurus (Micruracarus) contortus Pešic & Smit 2016, n. sp.

Arrenurus (Micruracarus) contortus n. sp. (Figure 24) Type series — Holotype male, dissected and slide mounted, Vietnam, 15-44-1 Bach MAE National Park, brook with a pool behind a natural barrier, 16°11’15.5"N, 105°50’54.7"E, alt. 1130 m a.s.l., water depth 0.2 m, substrate: leaves in a lentic bay, 2.v.2015. Diagnosis — Petiole consisting of hyaline appendages; posterior dorsal margin with a pair of double-lobed hyaline membranes; genital plates reversed wing-shaped, broadening laterally; gonopore very narrow. Description — Male: Idiosoma lilac, dorsally 603 long and 543 wide. Dorsal shield complete, 381 wide. Dgl-3, Dgl-4 and Lgl-4 (conform Wiles 1997) not well visible in dorsal view due to bowing of the dorsal shield. Pygal lobes absent. Posterior dorsal margin with a pair of two-lobed hyaline membranes. Posterior margin ending in a blunt, rounded projection, flanked by a pair of knob-like extensions. Cx-I extending beyond anterior idiosoma margin. Distance of tip of Cx-I to posterior idiosoma margin 640 µm. Genital plates reversed wing-shaped, broadening laterally, slightly extending onto lateral idiosoma margin. Gonopore very narrow, 60 µm long. Idiosoma posteromedially with a concavity, with the petiole in it. Petiole consisting of two hyaline appendages, their shape dependent on position of the specimen. Besides the hyaline petiole a double-tipped hyaline appendage present. Palp: total L 214, dL: P-1, 28; P-2, 52; P-3, 42; P-4, 54; P-5, 38; P-2 medially with four setae, dorsally with three setae; P-3 with a long medial seta. Legs: dL of I-L-4-6: 86, 86, 76; dL of IV-L-4-6: 122, 112, 92; IV-L-4 without a spur. Third and fourth legs with numerous swimming setae. Female: Unknown. Etymology — Named for the complicated structure of the appendages. Remarks — The shape of the genital plates is very unusual, and thus far found in the subgenus Rhinophoracarus Viets, 1916 and in a small number of other subgenera. However, members of Rhinophoracarus have a very long petiole, very unlike the hyaline petiole of the new species. Due to the presence of a hyaline petiole and hyaline appendages assignment to Micruracarus seems most appropriate. Distribution — Vietnam; only known from the locus typicus (Figure 25C).Published as part of Pešic, V. & Smit, H., 2016, New records of water mites from Southeast Asia (Acari: Hydrachnidia) with the description of two new genera and 12 new species, pp. 393-433 in Acarologia 56 (3) on page 432, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20162251, http://zenodo.org/record/539597

Hygrobates (Hygrobates) hamatus K. Viets 1935

Hygrobates (Hygrobates) hamatus K. Viets, 1935 (Figure 6) Material examined — Laos, 15-32-1, Kouangxi Waterfall, pond behind artificial barrier within a branch near the main brook, 19°44’56"N, 101°59’33"E, alt. c. 490 m a.s.l., water depth 0.4 m, substrate: travertine mud covered by a thick layer of leaves, 21.iv.2015, 0/1/0 (mounted). Morphology — Female: Integument striated; posteromedial margin of Cx-I straight; apodemes of Cx-II forming an acute angle; Cx-IV subtriangular in shape, with anterior and posterior margins converging to median line, posteromedial margin with a well protruding apodeme (Figure 6A). Acetabula in in a triangular arrangement, medial margin of genital plate indented in the centre. P-2 ventral margin weakly concave, distally forming a right angle, denticles covering distal 2/3 of P-3 ventral margins, P-4 ventral setae on the same level (Figure 6C). Swimming hairs absent. Measurements — Idiosoma L/W 844/638; genital field L/W 153/187, genital plate L 114 – 116. Palp: total L 427, dL/H, dL/H ratio: P-1, 23/35, 0.67; P-2, 118/73, 1.62; P-3, 95/69, 1.39; P-4, 155/28, 5.5; P-5, 36/12, 3.1; L ratio P-2/P-4, 0.76. Legs: dL of I-L: 63, 103, 133, 173, 178, 159; dL of IV-L: 166, 150, 221, 266, 311, 241. Remarks — The single female from Vietnam fits the original description of Hygrobates hamatus K. Viets, 1935 from Sumatra and Java (Viets 1935), but it is noticeable larger. Distribution — A widespread species, known from India to Australia.Published as part of Pešic, V. & Smit, H., 2016, New records of water mites from Southeast Asia (Acari: Hydrachnidia) with the description of two new genera and 12 new species, pp. 393-433 in Acarologia 56 (3) on page 403, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20162251, http://zenodo.org/record/539597

Neumania (Neumania) ambigua Piersig 1906

Neumania (Neumania) ambigua Piersig, 1906 Material examined — Cambodia, 15-35-1, Angkor, moat around the main Angkor temple, 13°24’54.0"N, 103°51’34.8"E, alt. 26 m a.s.l., depth 0.4- 0.2 m, substrate: red sand covered by detritus, 23.iv.2015, 8/6/0 (mounted). Distribution — India, Indonesia, Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Philippines, Japan, Australia and eastern Siberia.Published as part of Pešic, V. & Smit, H., 2016, New records of water mites from Southeast Asia (Acari: Hydrachnidia) with the description of two new genera and 12 new species, pp. 393-433 in Acarologia 56 (3) on page 409, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20162251, http://zenodo.org/record/539597

Javalbia (Javalbia) vietnamica Pešic & Smit 2016, n. sp.

Javalbia (Javalbia) vietnamica n. sp. (Figure 19) Type material — Holotype male, dissected and slide mounted, Vietnam, 15-41-1, Bach MAE National Park, 5-falls-brook, 16°11’33"N, 107°51’21"E, alt. 1210 m a.s.l., pool with detritus of leaves, 1.v.2015. Diagnosis — Anterior lateroglandularia fused with dorsal shield; postocularia lying much closer and at the same level of glandularia pair; genital field with four pairs of acetabula; I-L-6 distally strongly tapering. Description — Male: Idiosoma egg-shaped. Posterior margin of the dorsal shield forming an indistinct cauda. Dorsal shield flanked by three pairs of lateroglandularia in posterior half of the dorsal furrow, anterior lateroglandularia fused with dorsal shield (Figure 19A): postocularia at the same level of glandularia pair; A2 fused with dorsal shield. Genital field with four pairs of acetabula (Figure 19B). Genital field fused with ventral shield, suture lines indistinct. Palp slender, P-2 ventral margin straight, P-3 ventral margin concave, P-4 with convex dorsal and almost straight ventral margins bearing two fine ventral setae (one of them elongated) (Figures 19 C-D). Glandularia (Vgl-4) flanking genital field on enlarged platelets in posterolateral indentations of the ventral shield. Excretory pore on a transverse oval platelet immediately posterior to genital field. Legs: I-L-6 distally strongly tapering; swimming setae absent. Measurements — Dorsal shield L/W 442/303; ventral shield (including genital field) L/W 422/369, gnathosomal bay 88; W between the most lateral pair of Ac 109, gonopore L/W 43/30, ratio 1.43; ejaculatory complex L 81. Palp: total L 183, dL/H, dL/H ratio: P-1, 22/15, 1.5; P-2, 39/26, 1.49; P-3, 31/22, 1.44; P-4, 62/15, 4.1; P-5, 29/8, 3.4; L ratio P-2/P-4, 0.63; gnathosoma vL 69; chelicera total L 123. Legs: dL of I-L: 35, 29, 42, 51, 54, 52; dL of IV-L: 75, 48, 65, 69, 71, 68. Female: Unknown. Etymology — Named after the country where the new species was found. Remarks — Due to the presence of four pairs of acetabula the new Javalbia species from Vietnam should be assigned to the subgenus Javalbicula K.O. Viets, 1974. This subgenus includes three species, i.e. J. lata K. O. Viets & Böttger, 1974 (South Africa), J. turcica Esen, Peši´c & Erman, 2011 (Turkey) and J. ovata Kim & Chung, 1996 (Korea). Recently, Smit (2016) proposes to synonymize Javalbicula with Javalbiopsis Cook, and to transfer the two four-acetabulate species having the excretory pore on a separate platelet (i.e., J. ovata and J. siamis Smit, 2016) to Javalbia s.s. The new species from this study can be separated from J. ovata in I-L-6 distally strongly tapering (equally narrowed in J. ovata, see Kim and Chung 1996). Javalbia siamis from Thailand differs from the species from our study in freelying anterolateral dorsal glandularia and the postocularia distanced and posteromedially from the nearest pair of dorsal glandularia (Smit 2016). Distribution — Vietnam; known only from the locus typicus.Published as part of Pešic, V. & Smit, H., 2016, New records of water mites from Southeast Asia (Acari: Hydrachnidia) with the description of two new genera and 12 new species, pp. 393-433 in Acarologia 56 (3) on pages 422-424, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20162251, http://zenodo.org/record/539597

Extracranial Meningiomas in the Head‑and‑Neck Region: A 15 Years’ Experience

Meningiomas constitute a large group of tumors of the central nervous system, with the prevalence of 18%–20%. Extracranial localization of meningeomas could appear due to their extracranial origin or due to the spreading of intracranial meningeomas. In this paper, we present our 15 years’ experience in the diagnosis and treatment of extra‑ and intracranial meningiomas invading the head‑and‑neck region. In the period from 2001 to 2016 at our clinic, there were five patients (three men and two women), with meningiomas of extracranial origin or meningiomas of intracranial origin, spreading into the head‑and‑neck region. All patients were surgically treated, with the addition of adjuvant radiation therapy in some of the cases. Postoperative and postirradiation complications were described as well.Keywords: Extracranial, head and neck tumors, meningiom