Avifauna de las zonas costeras adyacentes del distrito de Purba Medinipur, sur de Bengala Occidental, India: registros adicionales y lista actualizada

El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en la región del estuario Digha-Shankarpur del distrito Purba Medinipur, Bengala Occidental, India, durante diciembre de 2018 a agosto de 2020. Durante el período de estudio, se registraron un total de 178 especies de aves, incluidas 29 especies no reportadas previamente de la costa de Purba Medinipur. Con la compilación de registros publicados previamente y registros actuales, el número de avifauna conocida de la zona costera del distrito de Purba Medinipur asciende a 225. El estudio también revela la presencia de nueve aves casi amenazadas y una vulnerable en la zona costera de Purba Medinipur. Se detallan algunos registros nuevos y notables.The present study was carried out in Digha-Shankarpur estuary region of Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India, during December 2018 to August 2020. During survey period, a total of 178 species of birds were recorded from the area including 29 previously unreported species from Purba Medinipur coast. With the compilation of previously published records and present records, the number of known avifauna of the coastal area of Purba Medinipur district goes to 225. Study also reveals the presence of nine near threatened and one vulnerable bird in the Purba Medinipur coastal area. Some of the new and noteworthy records are given in detail

Recent Advances on Design and Synthesis of Chiral Imidazolium Ionic Liquids and their Applications in Green Asymmetric Synthesis

Over the past decade, catalysis by ionic liquids (ILs) has experienced a tremendous growth in the context of “Green Chemistryâ€, and there are numerous examples of a variety of catalytic reactions that have been successfully carried out in such neoteric media.The great enthusiasm for catalysis in ILs is not only driven by the curiosity of chemists, but also due to the growing awareness of developing greener reactions or process media in catalytic science and greener catalytic technologies due their advantages of unique physical and chemical properties as compared to traditional volatile organic solvents.Recently, development of chiral ionic liquids and their applications in asymmetric synthesis have attracted much attention as these reactions have widespread applications in the synthesis of chiral drugs and pharmaceutical industries. Asymmetric induction is mainly achieved by the use of chiral substrates or reagents, chiral catalysts or enzymes. Owing to the vast number of structurally different room temperature ILS that have been synthesized, this review focuses on imidazolium ionic liquids that possess chirality either in the imidazolium moiety or in the anion moiety. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent breakthrough of Chiral ILs in chirality transfer or chiral recognition when used as solvent or co-solvent: the case of task specific ionic liquids is beyond the scope of this review. In the first part, the synthesis of of CILs has been presented and the second part of the review has been devoted on the applications of such CILs in green asymmetric synthesis as well as various pharmaceutical industries

Visibility degradation during foggy period due to anthropogenic urban aerosol at Delhi, India

Fog which is defined as an obscurity near the surface layer of the atmosphere and is caused by a suspension of water droplets associated with visibility and its frequencies dominate in urban areas other than rural areas. It may occur due to increased air pollutant concentrations emanating from variety of sources in the urban areas. The increased pollution levels may lead to the atmospheric reactions resulting into the formation of secondary pollutants that may also lead to the needed cloud condensation nuclei. Northern part of India experience severe fog conditions (warm fog) during the winter period (November-January) every year. In this study, we have simultaneously measured the particulate mass concentration (0.23 mum to 20 mum in 16 size channels), meteorological parameters and atmospheric visibility in mega city Delhi during winter months of the years 2007-2008 in order to have an improved understanding of their role in fog formation. The effects of aerosols on fog formation are discussed through an analysis of trends in fog frequency and comparison with meteorological parameters especially visibility which is an indicator of aerosol loading in the lower atmosphere. The existing dataset is used to find linear regression amongst various parameters with due consideration of significance value. This satisfies the precondition for using these relations even in limited data set. The association between the meteorological parameter (visibility, depression temperature) and air pollutants are examined. The Windows software SPSS (version 17.0) is used to fit a linear regression model. The model explained the variation in visibility due to depression temperature and aerosols loading

Exploitation of Unique Properties of Zeolites in the Development of Gas Sensors

The unique properties of microporous zeolites, including ion-exchange properties, adsorption, molecular sieving, catalysis, conductivity have been exploited in improving the performance of gas sensors. Zeolites have been employed as physical and chemical filters to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensors. In addition, direct interaction of gas molecules with the extraframework cations in the nanoconfined space of zeolites has been explored as a basis for developing new impedance-type gas/vapor sensors. In this review, we summarize how these properties of zeolites have been used to develop new sensing paradigms. There is a considerable breadth of transduction processes that have been used for zeolite incorporated sensors, including frequency measurements, optical and the entire gamut of electrochemical measurements. It is clear from the published literature that zeolites provide a route to enhance sensor performance, and it is expected that commercial manifestation of some of the approaches discussed here will take place. The future of zeolite-based sensors will continue to exploit its unique properties and use of other microporous frameworks, including metal organic frameworks. Zeolite composites with electronic materials, including metals will lead to new paradigms in sensing. Use of nano-sized zeolite crystals and zeolite membranes will enhance sensor properties and make possible new routes of miniaturized sensors