Lung Cancer in Peru

Peru is a South American nation with a growing and aging population of 31 million people with a life expectancy at birth of 76.7 years. The country is divided into 25 regions, 79% of the population is urban, and Lima, the capital, concentrates more than a third of the population.1 Although Peru is an upper-middle-income country, health expenditure represents only 5.1% of the gross domestic product, which is lower than the average of Latin America and the Caribbean (LATAM) (8.56%).2 Out-of-pocket health expenditure is 30.9%.3 Peru has a comprehensive National Cancer Plan and two population-based cancer registries in Lima and Arequipa.Revisión por pare

Recuperación mejorada después de cirugía en cáncer colorrectal. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas

Objetivo: Describir y analizar la seguridad de la aplicación del programa de “Recuperación Mejorada Después de Cirugía” (ERAS) para cirugía electiva por cáncer colorrectal. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 272 pacientes con cáncer colorrectal operados con cirugía electiva entre enero 2019 y setiembre 2020 en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Perú. Se utilizó la Prueba U de Mann-Whitney, Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, y odds ratios (OR) para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: 90 pacientes ingresaron al programa ERAS con una mediana de estancia hospitalaria postoperatoria de 3 días (rango 3-19). La cirugía laparoscópica se realizó en el 53 % de los casos, con una estancia hospitalaria significativamente menor que los pacientes con cirugía convencional (p=0,035). El inicio de la tolerancia oral < 24 horas se realizó en el 91 % de casos y la deambulación temprana en 89 %. La incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias fue de 29 %, mayor en los pacientes con resección de recto/ano que en el grupo con resección de colon (40 % vs 20 %, p=0,043) (OR=2,67, IC del 95 %: 1,02 – 7,01). Ocho pacientes presentaron complicación mayor, 4 con dehiscencia de anastomosis y 4 requirieron readmisión hospitalaria. Conclusiones: El manejo según ERAS para cirugía electiva por cáncer colorrectal es seguro y factible con un riesgo de morbimortalidad perioperatoria aceptable

Collision tumour of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in the stomach: A case report.

Concurrence of adenocarcinoma and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach is a rare condition. Here, we report a case of gastric collision tumour with large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. A 71-year-old Peruvian man presented with nausea, epigastric pain, and weight loss for seven months. An Endoscopic evaluation revealed a huge ulcerative and infiltrative mass in the upper and middle third of the stomach. The patient underwent a D2 total gastrectomy. Microscopically, two separated and attached ulcerative lesions were recognised. The proximal to the cardial lesion showed neuroendocrine morphology and immunoreactivity for synaptophysin, and the other a moderated tubular adenocarcinoma Borrmann type III. Both lesions invaded serosa and lymph nodes metastases were found in 17 of 41 lymph nodes retrieved (one lymph node with neuroendocrine metastatic deposits).Revisión por pare

Coriocarcinoma gástrico primario: reporte de caso

Primary gastric choriocarcinoma (PGC) is an uncommon tumor. Due to its rarity, its pathogenesis is still unclear. The diagnosis is based on immunohistopathology, which is positive for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). It is a highly invasive and rapidly-disseminated hematogenous neoplasm, which leads to a poor prognosis. We present the case ofa 57-year-old woman with upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with weight loss. The gastroscopy showed, on the cardia and paracardial region, a 5x4-cm ulcerated polypoid lesion with circumscribed edges and without adjacent wall infiltration, with stigmas of recent bleeding and a pathological anatomy that demonstrates ulcerated pleomorphicmalignancy with positive immunohistochemistry for pankeratin. Given the suspicion of poorly differentiated carcinoma and without evidence of metastasis, the patient underwent a total gastrectomy and the pathology was compatible with choriocarcinoma. Therefore, after the surgery, a serum hCG test was performed with a result of 714 mIU/ml, whichfurther confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy was decided, and a tomographic and serological hCG follow-up was conducted, without the presence of active disease.El coriocarcinoma gástrico primario (CGP) es un tumor infrecuente. Debido a su rareza, su patogenia aún no es clara. El diagnóstico se basa en la inmunohistopatología, la cual es positiva para gonadotropina coriónica humana (hCG). Es una neoplasia altamente invasiva y de rápida diseminación hematógena, lo que conlleva a un pobre pronóstico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 57 años con hemorragia digestiva alta asociada a baja de peso. La gastroscopia reporta, a nivel de cardias y región paracardial, lesión polipoidea ulcerada de 5x4 cm, con bordes circunscritos y sin presencia de infiltración de pared adyacente, con estigmas de sangrado reciente y anatomía patológica que informa neoplasia maligna pleomórfica ulcerada con inmunohistoquímica positiva para panqueratina. Ante la sospecha de carcinoma poco diferenciado y sin evidencia de metástasis, la paciente fue sometida a gastrectomía total y la patología fue compatible con coriocarcinoma. Por ello, posterior a la cirugía, se realiza estudio de hCG sérico con resultado de 714 mIU/ml, lo que confirmó aún más el diagnóstico. Se decide tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia y se realiza seguimiento tomográfico y serológico de hCG sin presencia de enfermedad activa

Clinicopathological factors associated with the presence of tumor deposits in resected gastric cancer patients

Purpose: The role of tumor deposits (TDs) in the staging of gastric cancer is currently debatable. TDs are defined as tumoral nodules in perigastric adipose tissue with no evidence of lymphatic, vascular, or neural structures. Clinicopathological factors related to the presence of TDs are not well defined. This study aimed to identify the clinicopathological factors associated with the presence of TDs in resected gastric cancer patients. Materials and methods: This prospective study included patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and treated with D2 radical gastrectomy from January 2019 to January 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors related to the presence of TDs. Results: A total of 111 patients were eligible and TDs were present in 31 of them (28%). In the univariate analysis, male gender (p = 0.027), tumor size ≥ 5cm (p = ≤0.001), serosa and adjacent organs invasion (pT4a and pT4b) (p = ≤0.001), ≥16 metastatic lymph nodes (pN3b) (p = ≤0.001), and TNM stage III tumors (p = ≤0.001) were significantly associated with the presence of TDs. The multivariate analysis showed that a tumors size ≥5 cm (OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.17–11.6), serosa and adjacent organs invasion (pT4a and pT4b) (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.31–10.86) and ≥16 metastatic lymph nodes (pN3b) (OR = 3.21, 95%CI:1.06–9.7) were independent risk factors for the presence of TDs. Conclusions: Larger tumors (tumor size ≥ 5cm), serosa and adjacent organs invasion (pT4 and pT4b), and ≥16 metastatic lymph nodes (pN3b) were independent risk factors for the presence of TDs

Characteristics of COVID-19 in cancer patients: A cross-sectional study in Peru

Background: Cancer patients are at higher risk of infection and severity of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). Management of patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is challenging due to the scarce scientific information and treatment guidelines. In this work, we present our Institutional experience with our first 100 patients with oncological malignancies and COVID-19. Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of the first 100 patients hospitalised at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (Lima, Peru) who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR during the period 30 March to 20 June. Clinicopathological variables of the oncological disease as well as risk factors, management and outcomes to COVID-19 were evaluated. Results: The mean age was 43.5 years old (standard deviations: ±24.8) where 57% were male patients. In total, 44%, 37% and 19% were adult patients bearing solid tumours, adults with haematologic malignancies and paediatric patients, respectively. Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (23%) followed by chronic lung disease (10%). COVID-19-associated symptoms included cough (65%), fever (57%) and dyspnoea (56%). Twelve percent of patients were asymptomatic. Nosocomial infections were more frequent in paediatric patients (84.2%) than in adult patients (16.0%). Patients with uncontrolled oncological disease were most frequent (72%). Anaemia was present in 67% of patients, 68% had lymphopenia, 62% had ferritin value > 500 mcg/L, 85% had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 83% D-dimer > 500 ng/mL and 80% C-Reactive Protein > 8 mg/L. The most common complication was acute respiratory failure (42%). Overall fatality rate was 39% where the main cause of mortality was acute respiratory distress syndrome (64.1%). Conclusion: Paediatric patients had better outcomes than adult populations, and a high number of asymptomatic carriers and nosocomial infection, early diagnosis are recommended. Considering oncological treatments 30 days before COVID-19 diagnosis, our data did not reveal an increased mortality.Revisión por pare

Survival after curative pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullary adenocarcinoma in a South American population: A retrospective cohort study

International audienceBACKGROUND Ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC) is a rare neoplasm that accounts for only 0.2% of all gastrointestinal cancers. Its incidence rate is lower than 6 cases per million people. Different prognostic factors have been described for AAC and are associated with a wide range of survival rates. However, these studies have been exclusively conducted in patients originating from Asian, European, and North American countries. AIM To evaluate the histopathologic predictors of overall survival (OS) in South American patients with AAC treated with curative pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS We analyzed retrospective data from 83 AAC patients who underwent curative (R0) PD at the National Cancer Institute of Peru between January 2010 and October 2020 to identify histopathologic predictors of OS. RESULTS Sixty-nine percent of patients had developed intestinal-type AAC (69%), 23% had pancreatobiliary-type AAC, and 8% had other subtypes. Forty-one percent of patients were classified as Stage I, according to the AJCC 8th Edition. Recurrence occurred primarily in the liver (n = 8), peritoneum (n = 4), and lung (n = 4). Statistical analyses indicated that T3 tumour stage [hazard ratio (HR) of 6.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.5-16.3, P < 0.001], lymph node metastasis (HR: 4.5, 95%CI: 1.8-11.3, P = 0.001), and pancreatobiliary type (HR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2-6.2, P = 0.025) were independent predictors of OS. CONCLUSION Extended tumour stage (T3), pancreatobiliary type, and positive lymph node metastasis represent independent predictors of a lower OS rate in South American AAC patients who underwent curative PD