Understanding adolescent posttraumatic stress: The roles of biological sex and anxiety sensitivity

Over 60% of adolescents are exposed to a traumatic event, and a significant minority goes on to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is important to understand factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of this debilitating condition. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), defined as the fear of the consequences of anxiety, correlates positively with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Research also suggests that females are more likely to develop PTSS. There are a number of limitations of this literature, however, including a lack of laboratory-based assessment of the relation between AS and biological sex on PTSS among adolescents. The current study seeks to address this gap in the literature by evaluating the relation between AS and adolescent response to a script-driven imagery task (i.e., presentation of ideographic trauma cues) as a function of biological sex. A total of 35 trauma-exposed adolescents (10-17 years; Mage = 14.03, SD = 2.48) were recruited for the study. Contrary to expectations, there were no significant differences between males and females in terms of reactivity to trauma cue presentation, nor was there an interaction between AS and biological sex. Findings are discussed in terms of the limitations of the current study, as well as potential implications for etiological and maintenance models for PTSS among youth

Dynamic Data Structures for Parameterized String Problems

We revisit classic string problems considered in the area of parameterized complexity, and study them through the lens of dynamic data structures. That is, instead of asking for a static algorithm that solves the given instance efficiently, our goal is to design a data structure that efficiently maintains a solution, or reports a lack thereof, upon updates in the instance. We first consider the Closest String problem, for which we design randomized dynamic data structures with amortized update times $d^{\mathcal{O}(d)}$ and $|\Sigma|^{\mathcal{O}(d)}$, respectively, where $\Sigma$ is the alphabet and $d$ is the assumed bound on the maximum distance. These are obtained by combining known static approaches to Closest String with color-coding. Next, we note that from a result of Frandsen et al.~[J. ACM'97] one can easily infer a meta-theorem that provides dynamic data structures for parameterized string problems with worst-case update time of the form $\mathcal{O}(\log \log n)$, where $k$ is the parameter in question and $n$ is the length of the string. We showcase the utility of this meta-theorem by giving such data structures for problems Disjoint Factors and Edit Distance. We also give explicit data structures for these problems, with worst-case update times $\mathcal{O}(k2^{k}\log \log n)$ and $\mathcal{O}(k^2\log \log n)$, respectively. Finally, we discuss how a lower bound methodology introduced by Amarilli et al.~[ICALP'21] can be used to show that obtaining update time $\mathcal{O}(f(k))$ for Disjoint Factors and Edit Distance is unlikely already for a constant value of the parameter $k$.Comment: 28 page

Impact of new member accession to the European Union on food trade

Purpose: The main focus is on the export and import of agricultural products in the EU in the years 2002-2017 outside the EU (extra-EU). Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper investigates the impact of EU (European Union) enlargement on food trade using descriptive statistics. First, EU-28 exports, imports, and trade balance of agricultural products outside the EU (extra-EU) are presented for 2002-2017. Findings: The trade balance between EU countries for food, beverages, and tobacco are also presented. Accession has led to the elimination of trade tariffs and accelerated improvements in trade. The most exported products by EU countries were alcoholic beverages (spirits and liquors, wine, and vermouth), bakery products, and wheat. Most of the export of agri-food products is directed to other EU countries, Russia, China, and various countries in South America, Africa, and Asia. Imports to EU countries comprised mostly of vegetables and fruits, coffee, tea, cocoa, and various fish products. Practical implications: The results will fill in the gap concerning the food trade of agricultural products in the EU. Originality/Value: The new information about extra EU trade of agricultural products and a GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedastic) model was presented.peer-reviewe

Priorities for rural development on the example of communities of the Warmia and Mazury province

Obszary wiejskie to nie tylko rolnictwo, ale cała otaczająca przestrzeń. Zarządzanie rozwojem lokalnym, zgodnie ze standardami europejskim, powinno pozwolić na zmniejszenie niekorzystnych zjawisk, jakie występują na obszarach wiejskich. Podstawowym celem pracy jest wskazanie priorytetów rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w gminach województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego na podstawie analizy dokumentów strategicznych w kontekście pierwszego celu „Strategii rozwoju obszarów wiejskich i rolnictwa na lata 2007-2013”.Rural areas involve not only agriculture but also the whole surrounding space. Management of local development, accordance with European standards, should allow to reduce adverse events that occur in rural areas. The primary purpose of this study is to identify of priorities for rural development in the municipalities of the voivodeship of Warmia and Mazury on the basis of strategic documents in the context of the fi rst objective of the Strategy for Rural Development and Agriculture, 2007-2013

Spatial differentiation of organic agricultural production in Poland

Poland has favourable natural conditions for development of the ecological agriculture. The aim of this article is to display and evaluate the spatial differentiation of production of raw material for food products coming from organic farms as well as of processing of these products in Poland. A comparative analysis was conducted using the GUS statistical data, the IJHARS data as well as those from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, related to organic farming as well as to food processing plants producing the organic food in Poland.Polska posiada sprzyjające warunki naturalne do rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i ocena zróżnicowania przestrzennego produkcji surowców żywnościowych pochodzących z gospodarstw produkującymi metodami ekologicznymi oraz przetwórstwa tych produktów w Polsce. Przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą, wykorzystując dane statystyczne z opracowań GUS, IJHARS oraz Ministerstwa Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi, dotyczące gospodarstw produkujących metodami ekologicznymi oraz przetwórni produkujących ekologiczną żywność w Polsce

The role of afforestation in development of rural areas in Poland

Omówiono rolę jaką odgrywa zalesianie w procesie rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w kontekście działań zalesieniowych w PROW 2007-2013. Wskazano również źródła finansowania działań w zakresie zalesień.The aim of the paper is to present role of afforestation in development of rural areas in Poland in the context of PROW 2007-2013. The source offunding of workings in range of afforestation was also showed

The classification of rural communes of Warmia and Mazury province based on synthetic assessment of the level of sustainable development

Przedstawiono propozycję metody oceny poziomu zrównoważonego rozwoju gmin wiejskich na przykładzie województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego. Poziom zrównoważonego rozwoju 67 badanych podmiotów zaprezentowano w postaci syntetycznego wskaźnika rozwoju opracowanego przez Hellwiga. Analizy dokonano na podstawie 45 wskaźników odnoszących się do 3 ładów składowych: gospodarczego, środowiskowo-przestrzennego i społecznego. Uzyskane wyniki pogrupowano w 4 klasy w zależności od poziomu zrównoważonego rozwoju dla analizowanych obszarów. Zgodnie z zaproponowaną metodą stwierdzono, że poziom zrównoważonego rozwoju gmin wiejskich województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego jest zróżnicowany. Prawie połowa (46%) badanych jednostek znalazła się w III klasie reprezentującej średni niższy poziom zrównoważonego rozwoju. W klasie II, o średnim wyższym poziomie rozwoju było 31%, a w klasie I o wysokim poziomie rozwoju 13% badanych jednostek. Do klasy IV zakwalifikowało się jedynie 9% badanych jednostek o bardzo niskim poziomie zrównoważonego rozwoju.In the study there is presented a proposal of the rural communities sustainable development assessment illustrated with the example of the Warmia and Mazury province. The sustainable development level of 67 subjects is presented in the form of syntetic development rate elaborated by Hellwig. The analysis was carried out on the basis of 45 rates related to 3 component orders: economic, spatial-environmental and social. The results were classified in 4 categories, dependent on the level of sustainable development for analysed areas. In accordance with the proposed method, the statement was that the sustainable development level of rural communities of the Warmia and Mazury province is diversified. Almost a half (46%) of the subjects was placed in the 3rd class representing moderate-lower level of sustainable development. In the 2nd class, moderate-higher development level, there were 31% and in the T' class, high level of development, 13% of the subjects. Only 9% of the subjects were classified in the 4th group which represents a very low level of sustainable development

Social participation and communication in the planning of local development using the example of the Zareby Koscielne rural community

Celem badań była ocena funkcjonowania komunikacji i partycypacji społecznej w gminie wiejskiej na przykładzie gminy Zaręby Kościelne. W gminie można zaobserwować tworzenie się korzystnych więzi pomiędzy władzą a mieszkańcami, które stanowią podstawę partycypacji społecznej. Pomimo że komunikacja jednokierunkowa została oceniona przez respondentów na dobrym poziomie, to zaobserwowano nikłe zainteresowanie uczestnictwem w opracowywaniu dokumentów gminnych. Mieszkańcy gminy Zaręby Kościelne uczestniczący w badaniach mają świadomość, że większość spraw i zadań wykonywanych przez administrację musi odbywać się z ich udziałem, natomiast brakuje im bodźca, który skłoniłby ich do aktywnego uczestnictwa.The aim of the research was to evaluate the functioning of social communication and participation in a rural community using the example of the Zaręby Kościelne municipality. In the municipality, we can observe the formation of good bonds between authorities and inhabitants, which constitute a basis for social participation. Although one-way communication was evaluated as being on a good level by respondents, a low level of interest in participation in the preparation of local administrative documents was observed. To sum up, the inhabitants of the Zaręby Kościelne municipality are aware of the fact that most of the issues and tasks performed by the administration should involve their participation, but they feel the lack of an incentive that would encourage them to participate more actively