Benzene with Alkyl Chains Is a Universal Scaffold for Multivalent Virucidal Antivirals.

Most viruses start their invasion by binding to glycoproteins' moieties on the cell surface (heparan sulfate proteoglycans [HSPG] or sialic acid [SA]). Antivirals mimicking these moieties multivalently are known as broad-spectrum multivalent entry inhibitors (MEI). Due to their reversible mechanism, efficacy is lost when concentrations fall below an inhibitory threshold. To overcome this limitation, we modify MEIs with hydrophobic arms rendering the inhibitory mechanism irreversible, i.e., preventing the efficacy loss upon dilution. However, all our HSPG-mimicking MEIs only showed reversible inhibition against HSPG-binding SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present a systematic investigation of a series of small molecules, all containing a core and multiple hydrophobic arms terminated with HSPG-mimicking moieties. We identify the ones that have irreversible inhibition against all viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and discuss their design principles. We show efficacy in vivo against SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian hamster model through both intranasal instillation and aerosol inhalation in a therapeutic setting (12 h postinfection). We also show the utility of the presented design rules in producing SA-mimicking MEIs with irreversible inhibition against SA-binding influenza viruses

The effect of a movable mass on the aeroelastic stability of composite hingeless rotor blades in hover

In this paper, the aeroelastic stability of a composite hingeless rotor blade with a chordwise movable mass is investigated. The point mass is located near the tip of the blade and its chordwise location is variable with respect to the elastic axis and can be moved during the flight. This movable mass is added to the blade to actuate the blade twist during flight. By actuating the mass in the chord direction of the blade during the flight, a bending moment which is the result of the centrifugal force of the mass and its offset is induced on the blade. This bending moment induces twist in the blade, due to bend-twist coupling in the composite lamination. The blade is modelled by using the geometrically exact fully intrinsic beam equations along with the variational asymptotic beam sectional analysis. The aerodynamic loads are simulated by using the two-dimensional strip theory combined with a uniform inflow. The nonlinear partial differential aeroelastic equations are discretized by a time-space scheme, and the converged results are compared with those reported in the literature and a very good match is observed. The results show that by positioning the mass near the tip of the blade, and also by using the ply angle of about 30 degree in this configuration, the highest possible twist change is achieved when the mass moves from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the blade. Moreover, the spanwise location of the mass slightly changes the stability boundaries, while the chordwise movement significantly affects the aeroelastic instability

ECO-BRICK TECHNOLOGY

 In building construction brick is one of the major ingredients in the material used for construction. In the process of brick making, it has to be burn in kiln which introduced to evolve the CO2 gas in major quantity. This CO2 gas pollutes the environment. So the solution on this disadvantage of the burnt clay bricks is replacing the bricks with another material i.e. bricks made from waste plastic bottles. Today we need cost effective and environment friendly material which not pollute the environment. Therefore We can use the waste plastic bottles for making an affordable house. This project report consist of use of plastic waste bottle in construction as a brick which the bottles are filled with mixture of sand and soil with proportion of 40%-60% in three layers and tamp each layer with tamping rod by 25 blows and use as a brick in construction. Therefore, there were two types of experiments were used to evaluate the properties plastic bottle filled with sand and soil which are Compression test, temperature test in indoor and outdoor and humidity. The compression test conducts on 1000 ml, 600ml and 300 ml bottle. As a result all the bottles are achieving the strength over the permissible limit required for burn clay brick. The comparison of indoor and outdoor wall temperature, air Humidity between the plastic bottle green house and normal brick house has indicate that plastic bottle has recorded highest reading for outdoor wall temperature with 36°C and indoor temperature is 27°C . From these result it can be concluded that plastic bottle house have a potential to us this material in construction