Perception of Dynamic Social and Non-social Stimuli in Preterm and Full-term Children: Neurocognitive Correlates in Early Childhood

Preterm birth is the leading cause of newborn deaths in almost all countries around the world. Whilst survivors encounter severe motor, cognitive and behavioral impairments during infancy or later in their lives, the studies of the recent years have demonstrated that the social development serving a basis for learning and cognition of the environment in human infants can be severely affected even in normally developing preterm born children (gestational age < 37 weeks). The current article presents a discussion on the behavioral as well as the neuroimaging aspects of the social maturation in preterm and full-term children, depicting complexity of theimpairments and focusing on the involved brain structures. Further, authors perform the design of the longitudinal study of social and non-social perception in early childhood, implemented on the base of the Laboratory for Brain and Neurocognitive Development (Ural Federal University). Keywords: prematurity, social development, early childhood, neurocognitive correlate

Disciplinary maintenance of process of overcoming of deformations of professional-pedagogical authentication of future teachers

In the article examined disciplinary maintenance of process of overcoming of deformations of professional-pedagogical authentication of future teachers and maintenance of process of overcoming of deformations, which is built on module principle on the basis of disciplinary connections

Trypanosoma brucei methylthioadenosine phosphorylase protects the parasite from the antitrypanosomal effect of deoxyadenosine

Trypanosoma brucei causes African sleeping sickness for which no vaccine exists and available treatments are of limited use due to their high toxicity or lack of efficacy. T. brucei cultivated in the presence of deoxyadenosine accumulates high levels of dATP in an adenosine kinase-dependent process and dies within a few hours. Here we show that T. brucei treated with 1 mM deoxyadenosine accumulates higher dATP levels than mammalian cells but that this effect diminishes quickly as the concentration of the deoxynucleoside decreases. Radioactive tracer studies showed that the parasites are partially protected against lower concentrations of deoxyadenosine by the ability to cleave it and use the adenine for ATP synthesis. T. brucei methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (TbMTAP) was found to be responsible for the cleavage as indicated by the phosphate dependence of deoxyadenosine cleavage in T. brucei cell extracts and increased deoxyadenosine sensitivity in TbMTAP knockdown cells. Recombinant TbMTAP exhibited higher turnover number (kcat) and Km values for deoxyadenosine than for the regular substrate, methylthioadenosine. One of the reaction products, adenine, inhibited the enzyme, which might explain why TbMTAP-mediated protection is less efficient at higher deoxyadenosine concentrations. Consequently, T. brucei grown in the presence of adenine demonstrated increased sensitivity to deoxyadenosine. For deoxyadenosine/adenosine analogues to remain intact and be active against the parasite, they need to either be resistant to TbMTAP-mediated cleavage, which is the case with the three known antitrypanosomal agents adenine arabinoside, tubercidin, and cordycepin, or they need to be combined with TbMTAP inhibitors

Effect of six-month hypokinesia in dogs on mineral component, reconstruction and mechanical properties of bone tissue

Ca45 incorporation into the bones of the limbs, particularly in the area of the muscle attachment increased in dogs as a result of 6 month hypokinesia. There were no phenomena of osteoporosis in the cortical layer of the diaphyses; however, changes in the form of osteons, an increase in the number of anastomoses between the channels and the thinning of the subperiosteal layer pointed to disturbances of the bone tissue reconstruction. Mineral saturation of the bone microstructures of the experimental dogs had a tendency to rise. No changes in the mechanical properties of the long bones occurred as a result of hypokinesia in dogs

State of the mineral component of rat bone tissue during hypokinesia and the recovery period

Experiments were conducted on young growing rats. Hypokinesia lasting from 20 to 200 days caused retarded gain in weight and volume of the femur and delayed development of the cortical layer of the diaphysis. In contrast, the density of the cortical layer of the femoral diaphysis increased due to elevation of the mineral saturation of the bone tissue microstructures. Incorporation of Ca into the bone tissue in hypokinesia had a tendency to reduce. Partial normalization of the bone tissue mineral component occurred during a 20 day recovery period following hypokinesia

The dynamics of the contemporary student youth value orientations

Обобщены результаты опроса о ценностных ориентациях и идеалах студенчества.Results of survey on values, attitudes and beliefs of students

THE PREVALENCE OF FUNGAL SKIN DISEASES IN NIZHNEUDINSK AND NIZHNEUDINSK DISTRICT

This paper presents data about the prevalence of fungal infections of the skin in Nizhneudinsk and Nizhneudinsk area for the period from 2006 to 2010 years. The nail fungal infections were recorded primarily in adults, with more males (38,1-67,4 %) than women (26,6- 33,5 % ). Fungal infections of the scalp were most often detected in children (41,8-64,8 %). Dermatophytosis of smooth, skin among women was met in 30-51,5 % of cases and. among the men it was 31,3-38,8 %. Since 2007 the disease was diagnosed increasinly in children (30,4-37,8 %) in connection with rout in medical examinations in remote locations of Nizhneudin.sk under the Program. «Children of the North»

LPDs – «Linked to penumbra» discharges or EEG correlate of excitotoxicity: A review based hypothesis

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) or lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) are a well-known variant of pathological EEG activity. However, the mechanisms underpinning the appearance of this pattern are not completely understood. The heterogeneity of the features derived from LPDs patterns, and the wide range of pathological conditions in which they occur, raise a question about the unifying mechanisms underlying these phenomena. This paper reassesses the current opinion surrounding LPDs which considers glutamate excitotoxicity to be the primary pathophysiological basis, and the penumbral region to be the main morphological substrate. Arguments in favour of this hypothesis are presented, with interpretations supported by evidence from recent literature involving clinical and experimental data. Presently, no single hypothesis places considerable emphasis on the pathochemical properties of LPDs, which are implicitly meaningful towards better understanding of the clinical significance of this pattern. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation [grant number 16-18-10371 ]

Methodology of studying polygons using the computer system “mathematics”

© 2015, Econjournals. All rights reserved. The urgency of the problem stated in the article is due to the fact that the traditional method of teaching mathematics to students of physics and mathematics generally considers mathematical problems that do not require large computing and constructions, while solving complex problems requires more time, which is usually done at the expense of time that is to be spent on other branches of mathematics, so there is a need to study some sections of mathematics with the help of information technology. The purpose of the article is to develop methods of using information technologies in teaching elementary mathematics to students of physics and mathematics department. The leading method in the study of this problem is a design method aimed at selection and structuring of the contents of the computer tutorial (CT) under the heading “Polygons” in the system “Mathematics.” The designed CT for students of physics and mathematics includes a classification of polygons based on their historical information, method of construction, basic properties, the use of polygons in life, in construction, etc. The developed CT is aimed at improving students’ knowledge of elementary geometry, it promotes the formation of the students’ abilities to create computer textbooks (workshops), which they can use in their professional activity thus endowing them with the skills necessary to modern highly qualified teachers