Applying Lessons from Cyber Attacks on Ukrainian Infrastructures to Secure Gateways onto the Industrial Internet of Things

Previous generations of safety-related industrial control systems were ‘air gapped’. In other words, process control components including Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and smart sensor/actuators were disconnected and isolated from local or wide area networks. This provided a degree of protection; attackers needed physical access to compromise control systems components. Over time this ‘air gap’ has gradually been eroded. Switches and gateways have subsequently interfaced industrial protocols, including Profibus and Modbus, so that data can be drawn from safety-related Operational Technology into enterprise information systems using TCP/IP. Senior management uses these links to monitor production processes and inform strategic planning. The Industrial Internet of Things represents another step in this evolution – enabling the coordination of physically distributed resources from a centralized location. The growing range and sophistication of these interconnections create additional security concerns for the operation and management of safety-critical systems. This paper uses lessons learned from recent attacks on Ukrainian critical infrastructures to guide a forensic analysis of an IIoT switch. The intention is to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities that would enable similar attacks to be replicated across Europe and North America

WORLD FINANCIAL SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF CRISIS AND PROSPECTS OF CREATION THE NEW RESERVE CURRENCIES

Credit crunch started with US subprime mortgage crisis spread to other parts of the world. Countries across the world call for reforms in international financial system. The author considers that financial crises catalyzes international tendencies to create regional currencies. Also, paper concludes that for Russian Ruble to become a regional currency much efforts need to be done in terms of increasing country’s attractiveness for foreign investors.World currency system, financial crisis, reserve currency, regional currency, inflation, new currency creation, International Development, F33, F53, G01,

Mathematical modeling of thermal stabilization of vertical wells on high performance computing systems

Temperature stabilization of oil and gas wells is used to ensure stability and prevent deformation of a subgrade estuary zone. In this work, we consider the numerical simulation of thermal stabilization using vertical seasonal freezing columns. A mathematical model of such problems is described by a time-dependent temperature equation with phase transitions from water to ice. The resulting equation is a standard nonlinear parabolic equation. Numerical implementation is based on the finite element method using the package Fenics. After standard purely implicit approximation in time and simple linearization, we obtain a system of linear algebraic equations. Because the size of freezing columns are substantially less than the size of the modeled area, we obtain mesh refinement near columns. Due to this, we get a large system of equations which are solved using high performance computing systems.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Museum Collections and the Semantic Web

The paper discusses some current trends in the area of development and use of semantic portals for accessing heterogeneous museum collections on the Semantic Web. The presentation is focused on some issues concerning metadata standards for museums, museum collections ontologies and semantic search engines. A number of design considerations and recommendations are formulated.The Fourth International Conference on Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage—DiPP2014 is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science and is under the patronage of UNESCO

La "Vendetta di Falconetto" e l’"Orlando furioso"

Complementing recent research on Ariosto’s vernacular sources, the present article aims to analyse his possible engagement with a little-known Carolingian poem that has so far escaped the attention of Ariosto scholarship: the longer version of the Vendetta di Falconetto. This article examines the correspondences between the Vendetta and the Furioso, from resemblances between specific episodes to more general thematic and structural affinities. In the end it is suggested that the presence of the Vendetta, whose characters are capable of cynical actions and often break the chivalric code, could perhaps, to some extent, account for some of the most disconcerting elements of the portrayal of chivalry in the Furioso.Questo contributo torna sulla questione delle fonti volgari dell’Ariosto proponendosi di analizzare un testo carolingio e il suo possibile rapporto con l’Orlando furioso, finora sfuggito all’attenzione della critica: la versione lunga della Vendetta di Falconetto. Si parte dall’esame dei punti di contatto tra i due poemi, a cominciare dalle somiglianze a livello di singoli episodi, per arrivare a più generali affinità tematiche e strutturali. Nel suo insieme lo studio suggerisce che la presenza della Vendetta, i cui personaggi sono capaci di azioni ciniche e non di rado vengono meno ai valori cavallereschi, potrebbe spiegare almeno in parte alcuni degli elementi più sconcertanti nella rappresentazione della cavalleria nel Furioso

Teaching Materials Repository

The paper presents results from the development of a methodology and corresponding software tools for building an academic repository. The repository was filled up with gaming material. The repository architecture and key features of the search engine are discussed. The emphasis falls on solutions of the large set of problems concerning the development of proper mechanisms for semantics-based search in a digital repository.* This work was supported in part by the FP7 projects: OpenAIRE – “Open Access In- frastructure for Research in Europe”, EuDML – “The European Digital Mathematics Library”, and by the Bulgarian National Science Fund under the Project D002-308 “Automated Metadata Generating for e-Documents Specifications and Standards”

COGNITIVE ASPECT OF ENGLISH-RUSSIAN METAPHOR TRANSLATION IN JULIAN BARNES’S TALKING IT OVER

The article focuses on the aspects of interpretation of fiction within the framework of cognitive metaphor analysis in Julian Barnes’s novel Talking it Over . The article begins with the overview of the major issues and the standard strategies of metaphor translation. Within the present paper translation is viewed as a process with relies on the translator’s competence to ‘dive into’ the source language continuum, 1. a different social and cultural dimension and disclose the interaction of the mind-scope of the author of the source text and the translator via the dialogue of cultures. There are two reasons due to which metaphor analysis can be conducted. Firstly, metaphors are typical in any natural language, so that’s why they can be translated. Secondly, the fact is that translation is always viewed as a phenomenon of cross-cultural communication, whereas metaphor is part and parcel of culture. Metaphor creates a significant challenge for the translator. There are some difficulties in the translation of metaphor. Culturally-bound metaphors are often misunderstood when they are translated from the source language into the target one. Optimizing cross-cultural communication can be done within the “author-text-reader” interpretation triangle when the translation should be accompanied by a cognitive interpretation and lingvocultural commentaries

Cell wall functional activity and metal accumulation of halophytic plant species Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritima on the White Sea littoral zone (NW Russia)

The presented study supplements the knowledge on ion-exchange capacity, swelling capacity (elasticity) of the plant cell wall, and the accumulation of heavy metals in halophytic species Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritima in the tidal zone of the White Sea western coast. The littoral soils of the coastal territories are sandy or rocky-sandy, medium and slightly saline with poor content of organic substances, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Pb. Studied soils are considered as uncontaminated by heavy metals because they contain background amounts of Fe and Cu. Sea water is significantly polluted by Fe (3.8 MPC) and Ni (55 MPC), has poor content of Zn and Cu and background level of Pb and Mn. The coastal dominant plant species P. maritima and T. maritima were characterized by intensive metals accumulation which was reflected in the coefficient of biological absorption (CBA) of metal by a whole plant. For P. maritima the following metal accumulation series was obtained: Cu (3.29)> Zn (2.81)> Ni (1.57)> Pb (1.30)> Mn (1.21)> Fe (0.97), and for T. maritima: Ni (3.80)> Fe (2.08)> Cu (1.91)> Zn (1.84)> Pb (1.51)> Mn (1.31). Roots accumulated 50–70% of Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn of the total metal content in the plant while leaves and stems contained 30–50%. Fe was allocated mainly in the roots (80%). The ion-exchange capacity of the plant cell wall for P. maritima and T. maritima was established as follows correspondingly: 3570–3700 and 2710–3070 μmol g-1 dry cell weight per leaf; 2310–2350 and 1160–1250 μmol g-1 dry cell weight per root

Situación actual del empleo juvenil en la República de Sakha (Yakutia)

The relevance of this research is evident as the problems of the modern market economy and the financial system of the global world economy are highly pertinent to economic science. In the modern world, on its way to globalization, the ability to promptly adapt to the conditions of international competition is becoming instrumental for ensuring successful and sustainable development. The primary competitive advantage held by a highly developed country is related to the possibility of updating its human development index, which is largely determined by the state of its education system. Thus, this area is connected to the country’s sustainable economic growth over the medium and long terms; the employment of fresh graduates is a complex, relevant and multifaceted problem, since it affects almost all segments of society. Currently, in view of the rapidly evolving situation in the labor market, the threat of unemployment for recent graduates is becoming extremely acute. Today’s graduates replenish vulnerable social groups that are suffering from difficult life situations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of employment of university graduates, as exemplified by the employment of recent graduates, and to provide recommendations to assist in their recruitment. A combination of theoretical (analysis, generalization while establishing principles and patterns), organizational (comparison, longitudinal method) and empirical (sociological methods, observational methods, quantitative method of statistical processing of the collected data and interpretation method) methods was used in the research. As part of the study, knowledge regarding the primary factors affecting high school graduates’ employment is defined and systematized. The practical and theoretical significance of the study lies in the recommendations developed for promoting university graduates’ employment in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) [RS (Y)] based on the results obtained.La pertinencia de esta investigación es evidente, ya que los problemas de la economía de mercado moderna y el sistema financiero de la economía mundial global son muy pertinentes para la cienciaeconómica. En el mundo moderno, en su camino hacia la globalización, la capacidad de adaptarse rápidamente a las condiciones de la competencia internacional se está convirtiendo en un instrumento para asegurar un desarrollo exitoso y sostenible. La principal ventaja competitiva de un país altamente desarrollado está relacionada con la posibilidad de actualizar su índice de desarrollo humano, que viene determinado en gran medida por el estado de su sistema educativo. Así pues, esta esfera está relacionada con el crecimiento económico sostenible del país a mediano y largo plazo; el empleo de los recién graduados es un problema complejo, pertinente y polifacético, ya que afecta a casi todos los segmentos de la sociedad. Actualmente, en vista de la rápida evolución de la situación del mercado laboral, la amenaza del desempleo para los recién graduados se está agudizando enormemente. Los graduados de hoyen día reponen los grupos sociales vulnerables que están sufriendo situaciones de vida difíciles. El propósitode este estudio es analizar la situación de empleo de los graduados universitarios, como lo ejemplifica el empleo de los recién graduados, y proporcionar recomendaciones para ayudar en su contratación. En la investigación se utilizó una combinación de métodos teóricos (análisis, generalización al tiempo que se establecen principios y pautas), organizativos (comparación, método longitudinal) y empíricos (métodos sociológicos, métodos de observación, método cuantitativo de procesamiento estadístico de los datos reunidos y método de interpretación). Como parte del estudio, se definen y sistematizan los conocimientos relativos a los principales factores que afectan al empleo de los graduados de la enseñanza secundaria. La importancia práctica y teórica del estudio radica en las recomendaciones elaboradas para promover el empleo de los graduados universitarios en la República de Saja (Yakutia) [RS (Y)] sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos