Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma in a child with nasal polyposis. Case report

Benign and malignant formations of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the early stages of development are asymptomatic or manifest minor nonspecific signs, and therefore often remain unrecognized. Hamartoma is a tumor-like formation of a dysembriological nature, consisting of excessive tissues peculiar to the affected organ. Due to the rarity of the occurrence of hamartomas of the sinonasal region, especially in pediatric practice, their diagnosis may present certain difficulties, since they can mimic other formations, such as nasal polyps or inverted papilloma, may occur as an isolated formation in the nasal cavity, or in combination with chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, allergic rhinosinusitis. Aim – to report a rare clinical case in pediatric practice of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma associated with allergic rhinosinusitis and polyposis, display the relationship between the occurrence of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma and chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, to carry out differential diagnosis with other exophytic aggressive lesions of the nasal cavity, combine and summarize available data on sinonasal hamartomas. The article describes a clinical case of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma in a 17-year-old child with a previous 4-year follow-up with nasal cavity polyposis and a history of repeated polypotomy. The results of endoscopy and computed tomography of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, the results of surgical intervention, as well as the conclusions of a histological examination of the tumor removed from the patient are presented. The authors analyzed the domestic and foreign literature, on the basis of which they presented a differential series of sinonasal hamartomas. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma is a rare pathological formation of the sinonasal region, which manifests itself as an isolated polypoid mass in the nasal cavity or as an accidental surgical finding in patients with chronic sinusitis. The association with nasal polyps supports the hypothesis that inflammation may be one of the inducing factors. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of exophytic lesions of the nasal cavity. The tactics of treatment involves endoscopic removal of the formation within healthy tissues, which provides good long-term results, relapses are extremely rare

Transforming growth factor beta type 1 (TGF-B) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) transcription complex as master regulators of the immunosuppressive protein galectin-9 expression in human cancer and embryonic cells

Galectin-9 is one of the key proteins employed by a variety of human malignancies to suppress anti-cancer activities of cytotoxic lymphoid cells and thus escape immune surveillance. Human cancer cells in most cases express higher levels of galectin-9 compared to non-transformed cells. However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here we report for the first time that in human cancer as well as embryonic cells, the transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) are involved in upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression, leading to activation of the transcription factor Smad3 through autocrine action. This process triggers upregulation of galectin-9 expression in both malignant (mainly in breast and colorectal cancer as well as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)) and embryonic cells. The effect, however, was not observed in mature non-transformed human cells. TGF-β1-activated Smad3 therefore displays differential behaviour in human cancer and embryonic vs non-malignant cells. This study uncovered a self-supporting biochemical mechanism underlying high levels of galectin-9 expression operated by the human cancer and embryonic cells employed in our investigations. Our results suggest the possibility of using the TGF-β1 signalling pathway as a potential highly efficient target for cancer immunotherapy

The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene.

Northeastern Siberia has been inhabited by humans for more than 40,000 years but its deep population history remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the late Pleistocene population history of northeastern Siberia through analyses of 34 newly recovered ancient genomes that date to between 31,000 and 600 years ago. We document complex population dynamics during this period, including at least three major migration events: an initial peopling by a previously unknown Palaeolithic population of 'Ancient North Siberians' who are distantly related to early West Eurasian hunter-gatherers; the arrival of East Asian-related peoples, which gave rise to 'Ancient Palaeo-Siberians' who are closely related to contemporary communities from far-northeastern Siberia (such as the Koryaks), as well as Native Americans; and a Holocene migration of other East Asian-related peoples, who we name 'Neo-Siberians', and from whom many contemporary Siberians are descended. Each of these population expansions largely replaced the earlier inhabitants, and ultimately generated the mosaic genetic make-up of contemporary peoples who inhabit a vast area across northern Eurasia and the Americas

Preexisting autoantibodies to type I IFNs underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with APS-1

Patients with biallelic loss-of-function variants of AIRE suffer from autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1) and produce a broad range of autoantibodies (auto-Abs), including circulating auto-Abs neutralizing most type I interferons (IFNs). These auto-Abs were recently reported to account for at least 10% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in the general population. We report 22 APS-1 patients from 21 kindreds in seven countries, aged between 8 and 48 yr and infected with SARS-CoV-2 since February 2020. The 21 patients tested had auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α subtypes and/or IFN-ω; one had anti–IFN-β and another anti–IFN-ε, but none had anti–IFN-κ. Strikingly, 19 patients (86%) were hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, including 15 (68%) admitted to an intensive care unit, 11 (50%) who required mechanical ventilation, and four (18%) who died. Ambulatory disease in three patients (14%) was possibly accounted for by prior or early specific interventions. Preexisting auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in APS-1 patients confer a very high risk of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia at any age.publishedVersio

Motion and Energy Exchange of Sea Plankton Organisms

Available from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Relationships Between Medical Doctors’ Personality Traits and Their Professional Risk Perception

Medical decision-making is often related to risk and uncertainty, but existing research does not offer a comprehensive approach to this matter. We discuss the necessity to study cognitive representations of risks (CRRs), which we define as the subject’s images of risky situations, possible outcomes, and alternative decisions. The psychometric approach towards risk assessment often involves the evaluation of different risks, but we aim to create such a list from medical professionals’ expert knowledge. Via qualitative analysis, CRRs were obtained from interviews with practicing doctors from Russia (N = 24). The list includes 21 risks from real-life medical practice, with seven aspects for numerical evaluation each. Then, practicing doctors (N = 64) evaluated CRRs along with filling risk-related personality traits questionnaires: Personal Decision-Making Factors Questionnaire, Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, Ten Item Personality Measure, and Budner’s Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale. A correlational analysis showed interconnections between most CRRs aspects, with predictability and negative outcome probability seemingly being the central aspects of the risk assessment. CRRs aspects were also found to be gender- and experience-specific, with female doctors and younger specialists being more sensitive to professional risks. Personality traits in relation to CRRs aspects, medical experience and gender are also discussed

Humanitarian Culture as Specific Method of World Cognition

The article focuses on the phenomenon of humanitarian culture and its place and role in the general cultural context. On the basis of the analysis of the leading researchers’ works, the authors single out social and personal types of culture. In accordance with this classification, it is possible to distinguish socio-humanitarian and individual humanitarian subtypes within each type. The analysis of A. Mole’s theory enables one to single out three main consistently following cultural paradigms: humanitarian (culture of the past), mosaic (contemporary culture), personalized and creative (culture of the future). Humanitarian culture has cognitive, axiological and operational components. The main functions of humanitarian culture are the following: educational, informative, axiological and democratic. Hence, humanitarian culture is a derivative from a man’s humanitarian activity in its vast context. It is a sphere of spiritual culture and has an anthropocentric focus. Humanitarian culture is now recognized as a specific, distinct type of culture. This type of culture was formed as an opposition to technical-rational culture. Therefore, it is viewed upon as a specific method of world cognition and a basis for the development of culture of the future

Classification of parameters of innovative projects in the framework of digital transformation programs for sustainable development of industrial enterprises

The task of determining the parameters of an innovative project, their composition and structure is a crucial stage in the design and development of an innovative project within the framework of digital transformation. A refined classification of the parameters of an innovative project, considering the specifics of projects aimed at digital transformation of the enterprises, operating in the manufacturing sector, is proposed. The classification separates the parameters of innovative projects into 2 key categories: target parameters and controlled or limiting parameters. When applied to innovative project parameters in digital transformation, target parameters are further divided into gradual and optional types; controlled or limiting parameters constitute basic structure of innovative projects and include road-map and time allocation, costs, market parameters, human resources, technological readiness, regulatory norms. The presented approach leaves room for further research based on additional real case data and risk evaluation, standard and accepted deviations of the project results analysis

Numerical modeling of combustion of gaseous and solid fuels in the furnaces of small and large boilers to reduce harmful emissions

The issues of the formation of toxic compounds that enter the air of the residential area during the circulation of household waste and the provision of energy supply services, in particular, during the decentralization of heat supply to residential buildings, are considered. The problems of finding the optimal ways to reduce toxic emissions are solved using a numerical experiment based on computational fluid dynamics. The results of numerical modeling of the corresponding combustion device are compared with the geometry created using the Gambit software and in the Solid Edge 3D design environment. The influence of the pressure in the furnace on the characteristics of fuel combustion during operation in the pressurization mode of the recently widespread condensing boilers is given. Acceptable simplifications for the application of the normative method in the calculations of modern combustion devices with a specific geometry are proposed