Perception of Dynamic Social and Non-social Stimuli in Preterm and Full-term Children: Neurocognitive Correlates in Early Childhood

Preterm birth is the leading cause of newborn deaths in almost all countries around the world. Whilst survivors encounter severe motor, cognitive and behavioral impairments during infancy or later in their lives, the studies of the recent years have demonstrated that the social development serving a basis for learning and cognition of the environment in human infants can be severely affected even in normally developing preterm born children (gestational age < 37 weeks). The current article presents a discussion on the behavioral as well as the neuroimaging aspects of the social maturation in preterm and full-term children, depicting complexity of theimpairments and focusing on the involved brain structures. Further, authors perform the design of the longitudinal study of social and non-social perception in early childhood, implemented on the base of the Laboratory for Brain and Neurocognitive Development (Ural Federal University). Keywords: prematurity, social development, early childhood, neurocognitive correlate

LPDs – «Linked to penumbra» discharges or EEG correlate of excitotoxicity: A review based hypothesis

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) or lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) are a well-known variant of pathological EEG activity. However, the mechanisms underpinning the appearance of this pattern are not completely understood. The heterogeneity of the features derived from LPDs patterns, and the wide range of pathological conditions in which they occur, raise a question about the unifying mechanisms underlying these phenomena. This paper reassesses the current opinion surrounding LPDs which considers glutamate excitotoxicity to be the primary pathophysiological basis, and the penumbral region to be the main morphological substrate. Arguments in favour of this hypothesis are presented, with interpretations supported by evidence from recent literature involving clinical and experimental data. Presently, no single hypothesis places considerable emphasis on the pathochemical properties of LPDs, which are implicitly meaningful towards better understanding of the clinical significance of this pattern. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation [grant number 16-18-10371 ]

Index insurance as a tool to improve the Russian system of insuring risks of agricultural organizations with state support

The Russian system of insuring risks of agricultural organizations requires a qualitative restructuring based on the increased responsibility of insurers and state participation. Low rates of developing the system of insuring risks of agricultural organizations with state support require seeking for new forms of insurance in the current conditions. The article points out that the use of the index insurance is currently one of the priority directions for the development of the country's agribusiness in general. An algorithm for creating an index insurance service is presented, the purpose of which is to substantiate the possibility of applying index insurance under the conditions of risky farming. A comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of index insurance of the regional grain crops and insurance of grain crops with state support was conducted. It was concluded that the use of index insurance could be useful for other regions that were identical to Kalmykia in terms of natural and climatic environment. The theoretical results obtained by the author can be considered as one of the priority directions for the development of the theoretical and methodological toolkit for insuring risks of agricultural organizations, can become a theoretical and empirical factual foundation for the formation of scientific grounds for regional economic policy in relation to agricultural organizations based on coordinating the interests of the triad of participants: state authorities, agricultural organizations, insurance organizations, as well as program forecasting and project developments.peer-reviewe

Combining branched copolymers with additives generates stable thermoresponsive emulsions with in situ gelation upon exposure to body temperature

Branched copolymer surfactants (BCS) containing thermoresponsive polymer components, hydrophilic components, and hydrophobic termini allow the formation of emulsions which switch from liquid at room temperature to a gel state upon heating. These materials have great potential as in situ gel-forming dosage forms for administration to external and internal body sites, where the emulsion system also allows effective solubilisation of a range of drugs with different chemistries. These systems have been reported previously, however there are many challenges to translation into pharmaceutical excipients. To transition towards this application, this manuscript describes the evaluation of a range of pharmaceutically-relevant oils in the BCS system as well as evaluation of surfactants and polymeric/oligomeric additives to enhance stability. Key endpoints for this study are macroscopic stability of the emulsions and rheological response to temperature. The effect of an optimal additive (methylcellulose) on the nanoscale processes occurring in the BCS-stabilised emulsions is probed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to better comprehend the system. Overall, the study reports an optimal BCS/methylcellulose system exhibiting sol–gel transition at a physiologically-relevant temperature without macroscopic evidence of instability as an in situ gelling dosage form

Assessing economic losses of lake Kaban (Kazan, RUSSIA) ecosystem and developing of compensation measures within the framework of sports facilities construction

© MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. We have calculated the environmental losses arising in the course of preparation and construction activities on the lake Kaban. The size of environmental damage caused under construction was evaluated in a total of $ 273,863 USA. Developed compensatory measures that reduce the effects of damage caused by the construction work. We have developed a concept of biological rehabilitation of the lake and we have made prediction of change in the state of the lake ecosystem as a result of rehabilitation measures

Innovative methods of elementosis study in oncourological practice

The purpose of this work is to study the content of macronutrients in the tissues with oncourological pathology

Апробация методики «Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development – Third Edition»

Introduction. There is currently no universal comprehensive measurement tool for the assessment of children development in the Russian Federation (RF). The Bayley-III scales developed by American researchers are widely used as such a tool. Numerous research groups recognize the need to modify the original scales before using them in a new linguistic and socio-cultural environment. Methods. The authors (a) translated the original Bayley-III manual into Russian, (b) tested the tool by assessing cognitive, language, and motor development of 163 Russian children aged 2–11 months, and (c) made an indirect comparison of the mean scale scores of neuropsychological development and those obtained from the original American sample of children using Student’s t-test. Results. The modified version of the Bayley-III manual has been successfully tested in the RF. The indices of language and motor development of the children examined in this study did not statistically differ from the original American data (10 points). Higher scores were obtained for the cognitive scale (10.7 versus 10; p = 0.003). However, this effect was not very pronounced (Cohen’s d = 0.25). Discussion. The indices of neuropsychological development of Russian children fully comply with the original Bayley-III norms, which opens up new possibilities for its use in the RF. Slightly higher scores of the cognitive scale among Russian children do not generally affect the compliance with the original tool, since the difference was not significant. The results of this study can be extrapo-lated to full-term Caucasian children aged 2–11 months, whose parents have at least secondary education and average level of earnings. The widespread use of Bayley-III requires its further adaptation in larger and more representative samples of children from different regions of the RF with the additional assessment of social-emotional development as well as adaptive behavior. © 2020, Russsian Psychological Society. All rights reserved

ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТЬ В КУЛЬТУРЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The article builds the new model of tolerance in the culture of education according to the principles of free study. This model is based on the applied philosophy of Hessen. The culture of education assumes the individual cultural space of each person. The tolerance significance is revealed by means of Chupakhin’s meaning-making algorithm and Pavlova’s Vista culture needs and possibilities. The tolerance is based on the UNESCO Declaration and the preamble of the UN Charter. The authors define the axiomatic borders of tolerance by means of the ontology-based features of life mode, gnoseology and anthropological research methods of human origin. The paper estimates the significance of tolerance in educational culture within social, conceptual, spiritual and valuable parts of the human requirements. The tolerance potential is the key ethical principle of civil society that prevents from violence. Otherwise, tolerance does not belong to the culture when the anger condonation and invasion to the freedom and human merits are observed. The authors regard the meaning of perfect tolerance as the activity of moral, socio-political, ethno-cultural, economic and technological development of world society that has features of law, stability, freedom and patience. The Federal State Educational Standards of higher education highlight the following general cultural competencies of tolerant personality: the social culture implies adoption and conformation to the social laws and social mobility of the subject; the conceptual culture implies cognition process in grasping new knowledge and skills; the moral culture assumes cognition and preservation of moral values, self-identification of the subject’s consciousness and the adaptation in new environment; the According to the federal educational standards of higher education identified by the following general cultural competences formation of tolerant personality: social culture - the adoption and adherence to the laws of society, social mobility entity ; in conceptual culture - cognitive processes in general educational enrichment of new knowledge and skills; in spiritual culture - the knowledge and preservation of cultural values, self-identification and self-awareness of the subject of adaptation in the new social environment; the cultural items are the material support of a subject, foundation and usage of general material benefits included into the cultural competencies.В статье в соответствии с педагогической концепцией как прикладной философией С. И. Гессена на принципах свободы обучения осуществлено построение новой модели толерантности в культуре образования. Культура образования как процесс есть пространство построения индивидуального культурного мира каждого отдельного человека. Смысл толерантности раскрывается с помощью алгоритма смыслообразования Н. П. Чупахина в области знания в обобщенном пространстве Vista культуры потребностей и возможностей В. Д. Павловой. Аксиоматической основой толерантности являются Декларация ЮНЕСКО и Преамбула Устава ООН. С помощью онтологических особенностей быта, гносеологических законов теории познания, антропологических методов исследования происхождения и развития человека определяются аксиоматические пределы толерантности в целом, а в рамках социальной, понятийной, духовной и материальной составляющих культуры потребностей и возможностей находится смысл толерантности в культуре образования. Потенциал толерантности, актуализированный объектом культуры образования, является ключевым нравственным принципом гражданского общества, закрывающим путь произволу и насилию. В противном случае при попустительстве злу и посягательствам на свободу и нравственное достоинство человека толерантность не является признаком этой культуры. Высшим смыслом совершенной толерантности можно определить лишь созидательный путь духовно-нравственного, социально-политического, этнокультурного, экономического и научно-технического развития мирового общества, которое обладает гармоничным сочетанием законности, прочности, свободы и терпимости. Согласно федеральным образовательным стандартам высшего профессионального образования выделены следующие общекультурные компетенции формирования толерантной личности: в социальной культуре - принятие и следование законам социума, социальная мобильность субъекта; в понятийной культуре - когнитивные процессы в обогащении общеобразовательными новыми знаниями и способностями; в духовной культуре - познание и сохранение духовных ценностей, самоидентификация самосознания субъекта и адаптация в условиях новой социальной среды; в материальной культуре - материальное обеспечение субъекта, создание и использование общедоступных материальных благ, входящих в понятие всех культурных компетенций