Dimethyl sulfoxide: a central player since the dawn of cryobiology, is efficacy balanced by toxicity?

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the cryoprotectant of choice for most animal cell systems since the early history of cryopreservation. It has been used for decades in many thousands of cell transplants. These treatments would not have taken place without suitable sources of DMSO that enabled stable and safe storage of bone marrow and blood cells until needed for transfusion. Nevertheless, its effects on cell biology and apparent toxicity in patients have been an ongoing topic of debate, driving the search for less cytotoxic cryoprotectants. This review seeks to place the toxicity of DMSO in context of its effectiveness. It will also consider means of reducing its toxic effects, the alternatives to its use and their readiness for active use in clinical settings

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Country-of-origin image effects on satisfaction and purchase intention in the industrial market for seafood products : a study of Norwegian, Chilean and Canadian salmon buyers

Despite the growing importance of country-of-origin (COO) effects in industrial markets, most prior research has been concentrated on these effects only in consumer environments. In addition, existing studies on country-of-origin image (COI) have mainly targeted the relationship between COI and perceived product quality for durable goods. This study examines the influence of country-of-origin image effects of three different countries on perceived quality, buyer satisfaction and purchase intention among industrial buyers of seafood products in the USA. Perceived supplier reliability, a new construct in COO research, is presented and linked with COI and buyer satisfaction in the conceptual model developed by the researcher. This research uses a mixed methods approach, utilizing both surveys and in-depth interviews, to gather relevant B2B data for identifying the main influencing factors of COI. Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) and multiple regression analyses are employed in order to test the relationships proposed in the model. The analyses show that COI impacts overall buyer satisfaction and purchase intentions indirectly and that its influence is mediated by perceived product quality and perceived supplier reliability. Consistent with previous studies, perceived product quality is strongly influenced by the favorability of COI. COI is also found to strongly influence perceived supplier reliability, although certain differences are visible between the various countries. Following the interviews, several new relationships, such as the one between COO, sustainability and CSR are also found

Локальная R-наблюдаемость систем дифференциально- алгебраических уравнений

A nonlinear system of first order ordinary differential equations is considered. The system is unresolved with respect to the derivative of the unknown function and it is identically degenerate in the domain. An arbitrarily high unresolvability index is admited. Analysis is carried out under assumptions that ensure the existence of a global structural form that separates "algebraic" and "differential" subsystems. Local R-observability conditions are obtained by linear approximation of the systemРассматривается система нелинейных обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений, не разрешен- ная относительно производной искомой вектор-функции и тождественно вырожденная в обла- сти определения. Допускается произвольно высокий индекс неразрешимости системы. Анализ проводится в предположениях, обеспечивающих существование структурной формы с разделен- ными "дифференциальной" и "алгебраической" подсистемами, которая эквивалентна исходной системе в смысле решений. Получены условия локальной R-наблюдаемости такой системы по ее первому линейному приближени

Дифференциальная управляемость линейных систем дифференциально-алгебраических уравнений

Linear controllable system of first order ordinary differential equations is considered. The system is unresolved with respect to the derivative of the unknown function and it is identically degenerate in the domain. An arbitrarily high unresolvability index is admitted. Differential controllability of the system is investigated under assumptions that ensure the existence of a global structural form that separates "algebraic" and "differential" subsystemsРассматривается линейная система обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений с переменными коэффициентами, не разрешенная относительно производной искомой вектор-функции и тожде- ственно вырожденная в области определения. Допускается произвольно высокий индекс неразре- шенности системы. Исследуется дифференциальная управляемость такой системы в предполо- жениях, обеспечивающих существование эквивалентной в смысле решений структурной формы с разделенными "дифференциальной" и "алгебраической" подсистемам

Локальная R-наблюдаемость систем дифференциально- алгебраических уравнений

A nonlinear system of first order ordinary differential equations is considered. The system is unresolved with respect to the derivative of the unknown function and it is identically degenerate in the domain. An arbitrarily high unresolvability index is admited. Analysis is carried out under assumptions that ensure the existence of a global structural form that separates "algebraic" and "differential" subsystems. Local R-observability conditions are obtained by linear approximation of the systemРассматривается система нелинейных обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений, не разрешен- ная относительно производной искомой вектор-функции и тождественно вырожденная в обла- сти определения. Допускается произвольно высокий индекс неразрешимости системы. Анализ проводится в предположениях, обеспечивающих существование структурной формы с разделен- ными "дифференциальной" и "алгебраической" подсистемами, которая эквивалентна исходной системе в смысле решений. Получены условия локальной R-наблюдаемости такой системы по ее первому линейному приближени

Дифференциальная управляемость линейных систем дифференциально-алгебраических уравнений

Linear controllable system of first order ordinary differential equations is considered. The system is unresolved with respect to the derivative of the unknown function and it is identically degenerate in the domain. An arbitrarily high unresolvability index is admitted. Differential controllability of the system is investigated under assumptions that ensure the existence of a global structural form that separates "algebraic" and "differential" subsystemsРассматривается линейная система обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений с переменными коэффициентами, не разрешенная относительно производной искомой вектор-функции и тожде- ственно вырожденная в области определения. Допускается произвольно высокий индекс неразре- шенности системы. Исследуется дифференциальная управляемость такой системы в предполо- жениях, обеспечивающих существование эквивалентной в смысле решений структурной формы с разделенными "дифференциальной" и "алгебраической" подсистемам

Improved Conditions for the Synthesis and Transformations of Aminomethyl Selenophenothiophenes

A simple strategy for preparing aminomethyl selenopheno[3,2-b]-and selenopheno[2,3-b]thiophenes via the treatment of ethynylthiophenes with SeBr<inf>4</inf> prepared in situ has been developed. Conjugated systems containing a selenophenothiophene moiety were constructed. Molecular structure of representative derivatives has been confirmed by X-ray