Institutions, social capital and economic development in Latin America

Economic theory has proposed and discussed a lot of possible factors or explanations that promote or foster economic development. One of these gathers specific discussions from other Social Sciences, incorporating social, cultural, religious, institutional and political dimensions – and among them, the idea of 'social capital'. Although the discussion held by Putnam on the benefits of association, civic involvement and interpersonal trust is extremely rich, this paper incorporates the discussion advocated by the World Bank, and the central ideas of Woolcock and Narayan papers, since they extend the scope of analysis, making what is called 'synergic vision' of social capital. These authors consider that 'social capital does not exist in a political vacuum', ie there is no way to separate the elements that characterize the social and the political and institutional elements that surround it. The ‘community social capital’ of Putnam cannot be understood without the macro-environment in which it operates. Then this paper aims to explain the economic behavior in Latin America, considering the importance of the attributes directly related to social capital (interpersonal trust, which leads to the association and the civic involvement) pari passu governance, ie the formal attributes related to the action of the state, which establishes social, political and economic behavior. It wants to explain if these two dimensions are correlated in order to explain the behavior of agents in different economies in Latin America and their economic development.

Comics and Information Science: An Analysis of the Discursive Community

Introdução: Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo da comunidade discursiva de histórias em quadrinhos na Ciência da Informação, com o objetivo de analisar essa comunidade, identificar seus pesquisadores, as bases de seus fundamentos teóricos e as principais temáticas abordadas. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, de natureza quali-quantitativa, realizada por meio de uma pesquisa nas bases de dados Web of Science e BRAPCI, com foco em estudo bibliométrico por meio da análise de citação e cocitação dos trabalhos recuperados nos cenários nacional e internacional. Resultados: Recuperaram-se 114 artigos que possuem um total de 233 autores e 2.977 citações. Destacam-se, na análise de cocitação, W. Vergueiro e S. McCloud, ambos autores presentes tanto na literatura nacional quanto internacional. A análise de cluster de palavras-chave identificou que os estudos no Brasil e no exterior possuem poucas temáticas em confluência, como por exemplo, questões relacionadas à leitura, linguagem, organização do conhecimento, saúde e representação. Conclusão: A literatura internacional sobre a temática ainda não possui bases epistemológicas consolidadas devido ao baixo percentual de autores citados com frequência. Por outro lado, os estudos nacionais apontam um maior consenso teórico no que se refere à fundamentação epistemológica de suas pesquisas ao apresentar autores recorrentes em cocitação como W. Vergueiro, W. Eisner, S. McCloud e B. M. S. Luyten.Introduction: This research presents a study of the discursive community of comic book stories in Information Science, with the aim of describing this community, identifying its researchers, the foundations of its theoretical basis, and the main topics addressed. Method: Descriptive research, of a qualitative-quantitative nature, carried out through a bibliometric survey in the Web of Science and BRAPCI databases, focusing on the analysis of citation and co-citation of the works recovered in the national and international scenario. Results: 114 articles were recovered, which have a total of 233 authors and 2,977 citations. In the co-citation analysis, W. Vergueiro and S. McCloud stand out, both authors present in both national and international literature. The cluster analysis of keywords identified that studies in Brazil and abroad have few overlapping themes, such as reading, language, knowledge organization, health, and representation. Conclusions: The international literature on the subject still does not have consolidated epistemological foundations due to the low percentage of frequently cited authors. On the other hand, the national studies point to a greater theoretical consensus in terms of the epistemological foundation of their research by presenting recurring authors in co-citation such as W. Vergueiro, W. Eisner, S. McCloud, and B. M. S. Luyten

Genotoxic effect of photodynamic therapy mediated by curcumin on Candida albicans

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for localized and speci c inactivation of fungi and bacteria. A nontoxic light-sensitive compound is taken up by cells, which are then exposed selectively to light, which activates toxicity of the compound. We investigated the potential of sublethal PDT using light-sensitive curcumin (CUR) in combination with blue (455 nm) light to promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in the form of singlet oxygen and DNA damage of Candida albicans. Surprisingly, CUR-mediated PDT but also light alone caused signi cantly longer comet tails, an indication of DNA damage of C. albicans when compared with the negative control. The intracellular ROS production was also signi cantly higher for the group treated only with light. However, PDT compared to blue light alone signi cantly slowed DNA repair. Comet tails decreased during 30 min visualized as a 90% reduction in length in the absence of light for cells treated with light alone, while comet tails of cells treated with PDT only diminished in size about 45%. These results indicate that complex mechanisms may result in PDT in a way that should be considered when choosing the photosensitive compound and other aspects of the treatment design.FAPESP grants number 2012/17468–2; UID/AGR/04033/2013info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dureza de resinas acrílicas para base de prótese e reembasamento imediato

INTRODUCTION: The hardness of denture base materials may undergo changes due to continued polymerization reaction and water uptake. However, the extent to which these processes affect the hardness of materials is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the degree of conversion of two hard chair-side reline resins (Duraliner II-D and Kooliner-K) and one heat-cured acrylic resin (Lucitone 550-L) was evaluated indirectly by measuring the surface hardness. The effect of immersion in water on this property was also analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After processing following the manufacturers' instructions, specimens (5mm diameter and 2mm thickness) were dry stored at room temperature and the Vickers hardness (VHN) was measured with a hardness tester after 0, 2, 7, 30 and 90 days. Specimens were then immersed in water at 37ºC and hardness was evaluated after the same time intervals. Five specimens were prepared for each material. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test (P=.01). RESULTS: When dry stored, material L showed an increase in hardness (P;.01). After 2-day water storage, all materials showed a significant reduction in hardness (PINTRODUÇÃO: A dureza das resinas para base de prótese e para reembasamento imediato pode apresentar alterações devido à polimerização continuada e absorção de água. Entretanto, a magnitude do efeito de cada um desses processos ainda não foi definida. OBJETIVO: Neste estudo, o grau de conversão de duas resinas autopolimerizáveis para reembasamento (Duraliner II-D and Kooliner-K) e de uma resina termopolimerizável para base de prótese (Lucitone 550-L) foi avaliado, indiretamente, por meio da mensuração da dureza. O efeito da imersão em água sobre essa propriedade também foi analisado. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Após a polimerização, amostras (diâmetro - 5 mm; espessura - 2 mm) foram armazenadas a seco em temperatura ambiente e a dureza Vickers (VHN) foi mensurada após 0, 2, 7, 30 e 90 dias. As amostras foram, então, imersas em água a 37º C e a dureza foi avaliada nos períodos citados. Cinco amostras foram preparadas para cada material. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis (P=.01). RESULTADOS: Para o armazenamento a seco, o material L apresentou aumento significativo na dureza (P;.01). Após 2 dias de armazenamento em água, todos os materiais apresentaram redução significativa na dureza (

Cataloging of comics through semiotics of culture

A pesquisa discute a análise documental de histórias em quadrinhos a partir de aspectos semióticos com a finalidade de garantir a sua recuperação nas bibliotecas pelo usuário. A catalogação de histórias em quadrinhos apresenta problemas e dificuldades haja vista sua configuração como recurso que integra a linguagem verbal e não-verbal. O objetivo desta pesquisa, de cunho exploratório, caráter qualitativo e natureza aplicada, é investigar as relações que podem ser estabelecidas entre a catalogação e a semiótica da cultura com vistas a contribuir com as bases teóricas e epistemológicas da organização e representação da informação de histórias em quadrinhos. Por meio de procedimentos bibliográficos, os resultados são traçados com uso do método de análise de conteúdo. Os conceitos desenvolvidos na semiótica da cultura podem contribuir para a catalogação, principalmente nos processos de leitura documental, análise de assunto e catalogação de assunto. Os resultados mostram que, a partir dos conceitos da semiótica da cultura, é possível definir aspectos da semiosfera do autor e do catalogador visto que ambas permeiam a construção do registro bibliográfico de histórias em quadrinhos. Conclui-se que o catalogador, como mediador, é responsável pela compreensão dos códigos culturais que compõem a semiosfera das histórias em quadrinhos, garantindo ao usuário, por meio de tradução e transcodificação, condições para satisfazer suas necessidades informacionais.This research discusses the documentary analysis of comics in a semiotics framework in order to guarantee library retrieval by users. Comic cataloging presents difficulties due to their being a resource that integrates both verbal and non-verbal language. The objective of this exploratory, qualitative and applied research is to look into the relationships that can be established between cataloging and semiotics of culture, in order to contribute to the theoretical and epistemological grounds of the organization and representation of information in comics. Through bibliographic procedures, the results are traced by means of the content analysis method. The concepts developed by the semiotics of culture can contribute to cataloging, mainly in the processes of document reading, subject analysis, and subject cataloging. The results demonstrate that the concepts of cultural semiotics allow defining aspects of the semiosphere of the author and the cataloguer, since both permeate the construction of the bibliographic record of comics. In conclusion, the cataloger, as a mediator, is in charge of understanding the cultural codes that make up the semiosphere of comics, thus assuring the user the conditions to satisfy their informational needs, through translation and transcoding.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Crescimento dos vales do Tietê e Paraná: um enfoque de estoques de capitais

The study aimed at identifying factors limiting the Tietê and Paraná valleys economic growth. Specifically, it analyzed the importance of the capital stocks for economic growth of these and the other counties in São Paulo State. Nine factors were generated by Principal Components Method to represent the capital stocks and were denominated: Human Capital I; Physical Capital; Social Capital I; Human Capital II; Financial Capital I; Social Capital II; Natural Capital I; Financial Capital II; Natural Capital II. The percentage of the total variance explained by each stock of capital was 19.5% (human); 8.3% (social); 6.0% (financial); 5.9% (physical), and 4.8% (natural). The study indicated that there are two different groups concerning the income index in the Estate of São Paulo and they must not be considered together. Linear regressions were adjusted with these factors explaining the income index that is part of the Human Development Index (HDI). Social Capital I (Associationism) was not in the solution in any group. The variable created to differentiate municipalities located close the rivers (dummy) did not enter the equations. This result suggests no difference between such municipalities and the others of the State, in the same income group, concerning the role oft the stocks of capital.Economic growth, Economic development, Regional development, Capital stocks, Income, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Catalogação de histórias em quadrinhos à luz da semiótica da cultura

This research discusses the documentary analysis of comics in a semiotics framework in order to guarantee library retrieval byusers. Comic cataloging presents difficulties due to their being a resource that integrates both verbal and non-verbal language.The objective of this exploratory, qualitative and applied research is to look into the relationships that can be established betweencataloging and semiotics of culture, in order to contribute to the theoretical and epistemological grounds of the organization andrepresentation of information in comics. rough bibliographic procedures, the results are traced by means of the content analysismethod. e concepts developed by the semiotics of culture can contribute to cataloging, mainly in the processes of documentreading, subject analysis, and subject cataloging. The results demonstrate that the concepts of cultural semiotics allow definingaspects of the semiosphere of the author and the cataloguer, since both permeate the construction of the bibliographic record ofcomics. In conclusion, the cataloger, as a mediator, is in charge of understanding the cultural codes that make up the semiosphereof comics, thus assuring the user the conditions to satisfy their informational needs, through translation and transcoding

Catalogação de histórias em quadrinhos à luz da semiótica da cultura

This research discusses the documentary analysis of comics in a semiotics framework in order to guarantee library retrieval by users. Comic cataloging presents difficulties due to their being a resource that integrates both verbal and non-verbal language. The objective of this exploratory, qualitative and applied research is to look into the relationships that can be established between cataloging and semiotics of culture, in order to contribute to the theoretical and epistemological grounds of the organization and representation of information in comics. Through bibliographic procedures, the results are traced by means of the content analysis method. The concepts developed by the semiotics of culture can contribute to cataloging, mainly in the processes of document reading, subject analysis, and subject cataloging. e results demonstrate that the concepts of cultural semiotics allow defining aspects of the semiosphere of the author and the cataloguer, since both permeate the construction of the bibliographic record of comics. In conclusion, the cataloger, as a mediator, is in charge of understanding the cultural codes that make up the semiosphere of comics, thus assuring the user the conditions to satisfy their informational needs, through translation and transcoding

Candida albicans biofilm heterogeneity does not influence denture stomatitis but strongly influences denture cleansing capacity

Approximately 20  % of the UK population wear some form of denture prosthesis, resulting in denture stomatitis in half of these individuals. Candida albicans is primarily attributed as the causative agent, due to its biofilm -forming ability. Recently, there has been increasing evidence of C. albicans biofilm heterogeneity and the negative impact it can have clinically; however, this phenomenon has yet to be studied in relation to denture isolates. The aims of this study were to evaluate C. albicans biofilm formation of clinical denture isolates in a denture environment and to assess antimicrobial activity of common denture cleansers against these tenacious communities. C. albicans isolated from dentures of healthy and diseased individuals was quantified using real-time PCR and biofilm biomass assessed using crystal violet. Biofilm development on the denture substratum poly(methyl methacrylate), Molloplast B and Ufi-gel was determined. Biofilm formation was assessed using metabolic and biomass stains, following treatment with denture hygiene products. Although C. albicans was detected in greater quantities in diseased individuals, it was not associated with increased biofilm biomass. Denture substrata were shown to influence biofilm biomass, with poly(methyl methacrylate) providing the most suitable environment for C. albicans to reside. Of all denture hygiene products tested, Milton had the most effective antimicrobial activity, reducing biofilm biomass and viability the greatest. Overall, our results highlight the complex nature of denture- related disease, and disease development cannot always be attributed to a sole cause. It is the distinct combination of various factors that ultimately determines the pathogenic outcome

Tratamento documental de quadrinhos eróticos: análise de catecismos e hentais.

Discute o tratamento documental de quadrinhos eróticos, dos gêneros catecismo e hentai, com a finalidade de garantir sua recuperação pelos usuários nas unidades de informação. Os catecismos e hentais foram escolhidos devido às suas similaridades quanto ao gênero e às particularidades quanto à produção e aos períodos de criação, tornando-os distintos entre si devido ao contexto sócio-histórico-cultural nos quais estavam inseridos. Em busca de respostas à questão "como realizar a representação documental de quadrinhos eróticos, em específico os catecismos e hentais", analisa e discute métodos e instrumentos de catalogação descritiva e de catalogação de assunto. O referencial teórico contempla a representação imagética de documentos, os estudos referentes às histórias em quadrinhos no domínio da Ciência da Informação e as pesquisas sobre catalogação. Como resultado apresentam-se diretrizes para o tratamento documental de quadrinhos eróticos a partir de aspectos descritivos, temáticos e de contexto