13 research outputs found

    Beads excavated from Antsiraka Boira necropolis (Mayotte Island, 12th-13th centuries)

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    About hundred out of three hundred colored beads excavated from the necropolis of Antsiraka Boira (AB), in Mayotte Island (12-13th c.) were classified according to Wood’s morphological criteria and studied with a portable Raman spectrometer (532nm). Based on the recorded spectra, 22 beads were identified as representative and further analyzed in the laboratory with High-Resolution Raman spectrometers, using wavelengths of 458, 633 and 785nm. Additional SEM-EDS analysis was carried out on the surface and, sometimes, the bead cross-section. It turns out that white beads are made of aragonite and that almost all other beads have a soda glass matrix. Pyrochlore (yellow), amber/“Fe-S” (black), manganese oxide (black), copper metal nanoparticles (red), and Cu2+ ions (turquoise) chromophores were identified. Some red, yellow, black and turquoise beads also show the signature of chromium-doped tin sphene that could therefore be used as a marker. Most beads from the AB site can be classified as “Indo-Pacific”, revealing a similarity with the contemporary South African site of K2 (close to Mapungubwe). However, some red and black beads are similar to molten ceramic beads from the Vohemar Islamic necropolis (13-17th century AD, Madagascar Island). The on-site Raman analysis appears sufficient for the identification of chromophores and glass types.Un ensemble d’une centaine de perles de la nĂ©cropole d’Antsiraka Boira (AB), Mayotte (xiie-xiiie siĂšcles), considĂ©rĂ©es comme reprĂ©sentatives d’un lot de ~300, a Ă©tĂ© classĂ© selon le systĂšme morphologique de Wood et analysĂ© par spectroscopie Raman portable (532 nm). 22 perles reprĂ©sentatives ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es par Raman avec diffĂ©rentes excitations laser (458, 633 et 785 nm) et SEM-EDS en surface, ou pour certaines sur section. Les chromophores ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s : pyrochlore (jaune), ambre/Fe-S  (noir), oxyde de manganĂšse (noir), Cu0 metal nanoparticules (rouge) et Cu2+ ions (turquoise). Les perles blanches sont en aragonite (CaCO3). Quelques perles rouges, jaunes, noires et une perle turquoise contiennent aussi le chromophore Cr-Sn sphĂšne. Sa signature Raman, inattendue, pourra servir de marqueur. La quasi-totalitĂ© des matrices vitreuses sont sodiques. La comparaison des perles d’AB avec celles des sites de Mapungubwe/K2 (Afrique du Sud), met en Ă©vidence l’homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© du corpus comme pour K2, site contemporain de Antsiraka Boira et aussi classĂ© « Indo-Pacifique ». Certaines perles rouges et noires, sont plus proches d’une cĂ©ramique fondue que d’un verre, Ă  l’instar de perles de VohĂ©mar (xiiie-xviie siĂšcle, Madagascar). L’analyse au spectromĂštre Raman portable apparait suffisante pour identifier chromophores et types de verre

    Nanotrench for nano and microparticle electrical interconnects

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    We present a simple and versatile patterning procedure for the reliable and reproducible fabrication of high aspect ratio (10 4 ) electrical interconnects that have separation distances down to 20 nm and lengths of several hundreds of microns. The process uses standard optical lithography techniques and allows parallel processing of many junctions, making it easily scalable and industrially relevant. We demonstrate the suitability of these nanotrenches as electrical interconnects for addressing micro and nanoparticles by realizing several circuits with integrated species. Furthermore, low impedance metal-metal low contacts are shown to be obtained when trapping a single metal-coated microsphere in the gap, emphasizing the intrinsic good electrical conductivity of the interconnects, even though a wet process is used. Highly resistive magnetite-based nanoparticles networks also demonstrate the advantage of the high aspect ratio of the nanotrenches for providing access to electrical properties of highly resistive materials, with leakage current levels below 1 pA. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd

    Acoua, archĂ©ologie d’une communautĂ© villageoise de Mayotte (archipel des Comores) : peuplement, islamisation et commerce ocĂ©anique dans le sud-ouest de l’ocĂ©an Indien (XIIe-XVIe siĂšcles)

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    Through this monograph of Acoua’s archaeological sites - a Kibushi kimaore speaking village located in the northwest of Grande Terre - this research proposes to study the XIIth-XVIth centuries period, in Mayotte. This period is characterized by important cultural, religious and political changes leading to the gradual establishment of a stratified and Islamized society. It will be question here, through the themes explored by our archaeological study (funerary practices, evolutions of material culture, integration in the Indian Ocean trading networks), to determine the cultural affiliations and processes that have contributed to shaping Mayotte’s ancient society, an island whose complex settlement, characteristic of cultures known as "fringes" - according to the expression popularized in this part of the world by Ottino - is located at the meeting of meany great cultural areas: African Bantou world, Malagasy world and Arab-Persian world, hoisting this island of the Comorian archipelago to the rank of true cultural, commercial and migratory interface between Africa and Madagascar : a "hub and microcosm of the Indian Ocean", to use the expression of Claude Allibert.Au travers d’une monographie des sites archĂ©ologiques d’Acoua, village de parler kibushi kimaore situĂ© au nord-ouest de Grande Terre, cette recherche propose d’étudier la pĂ©riode des XIIe-XVIe siĂšcles Ă  Mayotte. Cette pĂ©riode est caractĂ©risĂ©e par d’importants changements culturels, religieux et politiques conduisant Ă  l’instauration progressive d’une sociĂ©tĂ© stratifiĂ©e et islamisĂ©e. Il sera notamment question, au travers des thĂ©matiques explorĂ©es par notre Ă©tude archĂ©ologique (pratiques funĂ©raires, Ă©volutions de la culture matĂ©rielle, intĂ©gration dans les rĂ©seaux marchands de l’ocĂ©an Indien), de dĂ©terminer les filiations et processus culturels qui ont contribuĂ© Ă  façonner la sociĂ©tĂ© ancienne de Mayotte, Ăźle dont le peuplement complexe, caractĂ©ristique des cultures dites « de franges », selon l’expression popularisĂ©e dans cette partie du monde par Paul Ottino, est situĂ©e Ă  la rencontre de grandes aires culturelles : monde africain bantou, monde malgache et monde arabo-persan, hissant cette Ăźle de l’archipel comorien au rang de vĂ©ritable interface culturelle, commerciale et migratoire entre l’Afrique et Madagascar, « plaque tournante et microcosme de l’ocĂ©an Indien » pour reprendre l’expression de Claude Allibert

    Acoua, archaeology of a village community in Mayotte (Comoros archipelago) : settlement, islamization and oceanic trade in the south-west of the Indian Ocean (12th-16th century)

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    Au travers d’une monographie des sites archĂ©ologiques d’Acoua, village de parler kibushi kimaore situĂ© au nord-ouest de Grande Terre, cette recherche propose d’étudier la pĂ©riode des XIIe-XVIe siĂšcles Ă  Mayotte. Cette pĂ©riode est caractĂ©risĂ©e par d’importants changements culturels, religieux et politiques conduisant Ă  l’instauration progressive d’une sociĂ©tĂ© stratifiĂ©e et islamisĂ©e. Il sera notamment question, au travers des thĂ©matiques explorĂ©es par notre Ă©tude archĂ©ologique (pratiques funĂ©raires, Ă©volutions de la culture matĂ©rielle, intĂ©gration dans les rĂ©seaux marchands de l’ocĂ©an Indien), de dĂ©terminer les filiations et processus culturels qui ont contribuĂ© Ă  façonner la sociĂ©tĂ© ancienne de Mayotte, Ăźle dont le peuplement complexe, caractĂ©ristique des cultures dites « de franges », selon l’expression popularisĂ©e dans cette partie du monde par Paul Ottino, est situĂ©e Ă  la rencontre de grandes aires culturelles : monde africain bantou, monde malgache et monde arabo-persan, hissant cette Ăźle de l’archipel comorien au rang de vĂ©ritable interface culturelle, commerciale et migratoire entre l’Afrique et Madagascar, « plaque tournante et microcosme de l’ocĂ©an Indien » pour reprendre l’expression de Claude Allibert.Through this monograph of Acoua’s archaeological sites - a Kibushi kimaore speaking village located in the northwest of Grande Terre - this research proposes to study the XIIth-XVIth centuries period, in Mayotte. This period is characterized by important cultural, religious and political changes leading to the gradual establishment of a stratified and Islamized society. It will be question here, through the themes explored by our archaeological study (funerary practices, evolutions of material culture, integration in the Indian Ocean trading networks), to determine the cultural affiliations and processes that have contributed to shaping Mayotte’s ancient society, an island whose complex settlement, characteristic of cultures known as "fringes" - according to the expression popularized in this part of the world by Ottino - is located at the meeting of meany great cultural areas: African Bantou world, Malagasy world and Arab-Persian world, hoisting this island of the Comorian archipelago to the rank of true cultural, commercial and migratory interface between Africa and Madagascar : a "hub and microcosm of the Indian Ocean", to use the expression of Claude Allibert

    Le site funĂ©raire d’Antsiraka Boira (Acoua, Grande Terre) : Islamisation et syncrĂ©tisme culturel Ă  Mayotte au XIIe siĂšcle

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    This is a review of six excavation campaigns carried out from 2012 to 2017. They took place at Antsiraka Boira near Acoua village, (North-Western part of Mayotte, Grande Terre). It deals with a 29-graves excavation out of a set of 69. Our research documents the funeral practices of a fishermen/farmers community representative of the Mayotte population at the beginning of the second millennium AD. The burial places bring evidence of the islamization of the population during the twelfth century. Yet beside the usual and permanent marks of Islam, different signs not belonging to Islam such as funeray deposits and wooden coffins can be found. This undoubtedly shows a phase of Islamic syncretism observed for the first time in Mayotte. Those slight but unquestionable funerary practices hint a other cultural influences to be inquired about. They reveal connections to be found in the surrounding of the Comoros archipelago (Africa, Madagascar). They also set questions about the existence of a proto-malagasy cultural area

    Le site funĂ©raire d’Antsiraka Boira (Acoua, Grande Terre) : Islamisation et syncrĂ©tisme culturel Ă  Mayotte au XIIe siĂšcle

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    Cet article prĂ©sente un bilan des six campagnes de fouilles effectuĂ©es entre 2012 et 2017 sur le site archĂ©ologique d’Antsiraka Boira, Ă  Acoua (nord-ouest de Mayotte, Grande Terre). Il s’agit d’un ensemble funĂ©raire datĂ© du xiie siĂšcle. L’échantillonnage de cette Ă©tude se compose de 29 sĂ©pultures fouillĂ©es sur un ensemble de 69 tombes repĂ©rĂ©es dans la zone de fouilles.Nos recherches Ă  Antsiraka Boira documentent les pratiques funĂ©raires d’une population de pĂȘcheurs/agriculteurs/Ă©leveurs reprĂ©sentative de la population mahoraise du dĂ©but du IIe millĂ©naire. Les sĂ©pultures Ă©tudiĂ©es attestent de l’islamisation de cette population durant le xiie siĂšcle mais Ă©galement de la permanence de gestes funĂ©raires Ă©trangers Ă  l’Islam (mobilier funĂ©raire, cercueil en bois), tĂ©moignant, pour la premiĂšre fois Ă  Mayotte, d’une phase de syncrĂ©tisme islamique. La recherche des filiations culturelles de ces pratiques funĂ©raires, encore conservĂ©es en filigrane malgrĂ© l’islamisation, apporte une contribution permettant d’apprĂ©hender les multiples influences culturelles prĂ©sentes Ă  Mayotte, et interroge sur les connexions entretenues par l’archipel des Comores avec l’ensemble rĂ©gional proche (Afrique, Madagascar) et en particulier sur la question de l’existence d’une aire culturelle proto-malgache encore dĂ©celable au dĂ©but du IIe millĂ©naire.This is a review of six excavation campaigns carried out from 2012 to 2017. They took place at Antsiraka Boira near Acoua village, (North-Western part of Mayotte, Grande Terre). It deals with a 29-graves excavation out of a set of 69. Our research documents the funeral practices of a fishermen/farmers community representative of the Mayotte population at the beginning of the second millennium AD. The burial places bring evidence of the islamization of the population during the twelfth century. Yet beside the usual and permanent marks of Islam, different signs not belonging to Islam such as funeray deposits and wooden coffins can be found. This undoubtedly shows a phase of Islamic syncretism observed for the first time in Mayotte. Those slight but unquestionable funerary practices hint a other cultural influences to be inquired about. They reveal connections to be found in the surrounding of the Comoros archipelago (Africa, Madagascar). They also set questions about the existence of a proto-malagasy cultural area

    La mosquée de Tsingoni (Mayotte) PremiÚres investigations archéologiques

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    Suite au classement au titre des Monuments Historiques de la mosquĂ©e de Tsingoni Ă  Mayotte, dĂ©cidĂ© en 2015, l’État et la commune ont engagĂ© un projet de restauration et de mise en valeur du site. En raison de l’importance historique de cette mosquĂ©e, emblĂ©matique de la ville choisie pour capitale par le sultan Issa (ou Ali ?) ben Mohamed vers 1530, le service rĂ©gional d’archĂ©ologie a prescrit un diagnostic archĂ©ologique prĂ©alable aux travaux impactant les bĂątiments et le sous-sol Ă  l’intĂ©rieu..

    Widespread amyloidogenicity potential of multiple myeloma patient-derived immunoglobulin light chains

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    International audienceBackgroundIn a range of human disorders such as multiple myeloma (MM), immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) can be produced at very high concentrations. This can lead to pathological aggregation and deposition of IgLCs in different tissues, which in turn leads to severe and potentially fatal organ damage. However, IgLCs can also be highly soluble and non-toxic. It is generally thought that the cause for this differential solubility behaviour is solely found within the IgLC amino acid sequences, and a variety of individual sequence-related biophysical properties (e.g. thermal stability, dimerisation) have been proposed in different studies as major determinants of the aggregation in vivo. Here, we investigate biophysical properties underlying IgLC amyloidogenicity.ResultsWe introduce a novel and systematic workflow, Thermodynamic and Aggregation Fingerprinting (ThAgg-Fip), for detailed biophysical characterisation, and apply it to nine different MM patient-derived IgLCs. Our set of pathogenic IgLCs spans the entire range of values in those parameters previously proposed to define in vivo amyloidogenicity; however, none actually forms amyloid in patients. Even more surprisingly, we were able to show that all our IgLCs are able to form amyloid fibrils readily in vitro under the influence of proteolytic cleavage by co-purified cathepsins.ConclusionsWe show that (I) in vivo aggregation behaviour is unlikely to be mechanistically linked to any single biophysical or biochemical parameter and (II) amyloidogenic potential is widespread in IgLC sequences and is not confined to those sequences that form amyloid fibrils in patients. Our findings suggest that protein sequence, environmental conditions and presence and action of proteases all determine the ability of light chains to form amyloid fibrils in patients
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