Dari Pekerja ke Wirausaha: Migrasi Internasional, Dinamika Tenaga Kerja, dan Pembentukan Bisnis Migran Indonesia di Taiwan

This paper focuses on the issue of international migration, labor dynamics, and the emergence of independent business (self-employment or entrepreneurship) among Indonesian migrant communities in Taiwan. In addition to contribute the cultural exchange or mix of culture transnationally, the development of cross-border migration also encourages the emergence of social networks and economic activities at regional and global level. The economic dimension that has been linked to international migration issue is dynamics of social change among migrant workers who work for remittances (migrant remittances) to the self optimization (entrepreneurship migrant), that resulted one of them to the creation of one stop service for migrant needs (one stop service). Through observation and interviews conducted to Indonesian entrepreneurs of migrant communities in Taiwan, it shows that: (1) migrants entrepreneurship in recent situation is no longer as a side-job in economic activity, compared to being migrant workers themselves, (2) the financial crisis in 2009 had triggered the growing of migrants entrepreneurship significantly. Therefore, the practice of migrants entrepreneurship has shown its importance not only - to accommodate basic needs, social, and psychological migrant workers, but also to expand the dynamics of Indonesian migrant diaspora living in Taiwan, acculturation among society, speeding the trade flows between regions, and of course increasing economic prosperity among entrepreneurs and migrant workers. Although migrants-entrepreneurs in Taiwan had been criticized more or less for taking advantage the ideas of migrants needs, however this can be understood as a form of adjustment to the businesses they run. Furthermore, migrant entrepreneurship can be seen also as a form of adjustment to the economic potential and socio-cultural they experienced in Taiwan, one of which, by creating a variety of business models and maintain social networks individually or in other groups.Keywords: international migration, Indonesian workers, entrepreneurship

From Entrepreneurship to Social Activist: The Role of Indonesian Migrant Entrepreneurs in Taiwan and Socio- Economic Functions of Return-Migrant Entrepreneurship in Malang, East Java

In the case of Taiwan, Indonesian migrant entrepreneurs’ active in social activities; they are linked strongly to the petty conditions of co-migrants. In various cases, entrepreneurs play the role of friends in need, acting as third-party resources, to co-migrants, who turn to the former for help and self-actualization. Their activities contribute to bridging the relations between the larger community and Indonesian migrants living as a minority and as marginal foreign newcomers in Taiwan. Meanwhile, the case study of Indonesian return-migrant entrepreneurship at the home village of Malang found that migration and returning home experiences increase socio-economic mobility and develop socio-economic activities at home villages. The migrants’ experiences and enterprise activities have emerged as a critical source of sustainable livelihoods, migration knowledge of production application, self-transformation, and the economic reintegration process for return migrants in their home villages, all of which can create a new life for returnees after migration. Practically and theoretically speaking, the manner in which migrant and return-migrant entrepreneurs perform economic adaptation or social adjustment, indicates that the socio-economic function, comprising valuable ties that cut across classes, can prevent the social and economic isolation of disadvantaged entrepreneurs, co-migrants, and return migrants in the community

INDONESIAN MIGRATION INDUSTRY IN TAIWAN: SOME SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS AND IMPROVEMENT CHALLENGES

Institutional placement mechanisms are inevitable in migrant services industries. However, some business components in the recruitment process are unbalanced, whereby the migrant workers are entirely responsible for their departure costs and fees. Individual and institutional actorsbanks, insurance companies, brokers, and private or even state recruitment institutionsare involved in the migrant workers sales market, and these conditions are faced by Indonesian migrant workers in general. As a result, debt bondage and slavery are typically characteristic of Indonesian migrant workers. Using existing literature and a qualitative approach through case studies of Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan, this article demonstrates the role of brokers (agencies) in managing and controlling migrant labor abroad. Even some of the placement and fiancial policies designed to help migrants with their debt bondage and agency exploitation are also prone to manipulation. Therefore, this article also explores what circumstances and conditions might lead Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan to debt bondage and suggests improvements for migrant empowerment. Keywords: debt, slavery, migration industry, brokers (agency

Masalah Globalisasi di Indonesia: Antara Kepentingan, Kebijakan, dan Tantangan

There are two fundamental issues facing globalization problem todays, namely the economic competition and the threat of the nations unity as the question of regional conflict. Indonesia, in this context, is expected more conscious and aware to various challenges of globalization. To respond the globalization challenges, since 2006, through a variety of research from research centers under Social and Humanities Deputies, Indonesia Institute of Science has addressed these challenges. Through a study of literature on all those conducted research, the availability of information and the institutional arrangement for the stakeholders (local and national) with reference to globalization problem has still become a fundamental issue. This paper aimed to recommendation policy on globalization in Indonesia, regarding the need for cooperation in the form of joint ventures and strategic alliances between governments, transnational actors and civil society. Al those stakeholder are required to and obliging in order to face competition and also as part of disputes solutions as well as capacity building to prepare rough leader cadres. The Government could facilitate such efforts.Keywords: Globalization, Stakeholder, Policy, Challenge

SIASAT BERTAHAN, MODEL PENGELOLAAN REMITANSI, DAN USAHA MIKRO KELUARGA BURUH MIGRAN

Tulisan ini menjelaskan pemahaman para tenaga kerja migran terhadap masalah, terutama yang terkait dengan kehidupan keseharian mereka, juga strategi mereka untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah yang muncul. Data yang digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan wawancara terhadap keluarga tenaga kerja migran di Pulau Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Remitan dari migran, strategi mengatasi masalah dalam rumah tangga, dan institusi lokal adalah hal-hal yang penting diketahui untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang menyeluruh terhadap isu tenaga kerja migran. Hal-hal inilah yang perlu diketahui oleh organisasi tenaga kerja migran yang ada. Memahami persoalan tentang kondisi migran yang sebenarnya akan berimplikasi pada pengorganisasian mereka agar dapat menjadi aset di masa depan

Partisipasi, Dependensi Dan Interelasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembangunan Berbasis Komunitas di Papua

Pembangunan berbasis komunitas di pedesaan Papua sedikit banyak telah membuka pengetahuan pembangunan dan ruang keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatannya. Namun Tridaya pembangunan (bantuan keuangan, pembangunan infrastruktur dan pemberdayaan sosial-ekonomi) terkendala persoalan internal dan eksternal. Di sisi internal, program pembangunan belum mampu mengaktifkan partisipasi seluruh kelompok masyarakat dalam kegiatan pembangunan dan mendorong terintegrasinya kegiatan sosial-ekonomi. Sebabnya adalah program kegiatan pembangunan masih terpusat pada sektor infrastruktur, kemudian informasi berada pada kelompok elit kampung dan pelaksanaan bersifat proyek. Di sisi eksternal, program bantuan yang diberikan bersifat karitatif dan tidak banyak menambah pasar maupun hasil produksi warga, malah membuat ketergantungan atas bantuan yang diberikan. Pembangunan pedesaan di Papua juga menimbulkan sentimen negatif di masyarakat—antara kelompok asli dengan pendatang maupun antara kelompok elit dengan masyarakat bawah—yang memicu persinggungan di dalam masyarakat maupun dengan negara. Kata Kunci: Pembangunan Komunitas, Partisipasi, Dependensi, InterelasiPembangunan berbasis komunitas di pedesaan Papua sedikit banyak telah membuka pengetahuan pembangunan dan ruang keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatannya. Namun Tridaya pembangunan (bantuan keuangan, pembangunan infrastruktur dan pemberdayaan sosial-ekonomi) terkendala persoalan internal dan eksternal. Di sisi internal, program pembangunan belum mampu mengaktifkan partisipasi seluruh kelompok masyarakat dalam kegiatan pembangunan dan mendorong terintegrasinya kegiatan sosial-ekonomi. Sebabnya adalah program kegiatan pembangunan masih terpusat pada sektor infrastruktur, kemudian informasi berada pada kelompok elit kampung dan pelaksanaan bersifat proyek. Di sisi eksternal, program bantuan yang diberikan bersifat karitatif dan tidak banyak menambah pasar maupun hasil produksi warga, malah membuat ketergantungan atas bantuan yang diberikan. Pembangunan pedesaan di Papua juga menimbulkan sentimen negatif di masyarakat—antara kelompok asli dengan pendatang maupun antara kelompok elit dengan masyarakat bawah—yang memicu persinggungan di dalam masyarakat maupun dengan negara.  Kata Kunci: Pembangunan Komunitas, Partisipasi, Dependensi, Interelasi

人を繋ぎ、未来を掴む : 台湾におけるインドネシア人起業家と東ジャワ・マランにおける帰還移民の起業家精神

首都大学東京, 2016-09-30, 博士（社会人類学）首都大学東

Partisipasi, Dependensi Dan Interelasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembangunan Berbasis Komunitas di Papua

Pembangunan berbasis komunitas di pedesaan Papua sedikit banyak telah membuka pengetahuan pembangunan dan ruang keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatannya. Namun Tridaya pembangunan (bantuan keuangan, pembangunan infrastruktur dan pemberdayaan sosial-ekonomi) terkendala persoalan internal dan eksternal. Di sisi internal, program pembangunan belum mampu mengaktifkan partisipasi seluruh kelompok masyarakat dalam kegiatan pembangunan dan mendorong terintegrasinya kegiatan sosial-ekonomi. Sebabnya adalah program kegiatan pembangunan masih terpusat pada sektor infrastruktur, kemudian informasi berada pada kelompok elit kampung dan pelaksanaan bersifat proyek. Di sisi eksternal, program bantuan yang diberikan bersifat karitatif dan tidak banyak menambah pasar maupun hasil produksi warga, malah membuat ketergantungan atas bantuan yang diberikan. Pembangunan pedesaan di Papua juga menimbulkan sentimen negatif di masyarakat—antara kelompok asli dengan pendatang maupun antara kelompok elit dengan masyarakat bawah—yang memicu persinggungan di dalam masyarakat maupun dengan negara. Kata Kunci: Pembangunan Komunitas, Partisipasi, Dependensi, InterelasiPembangunan berbasis komunitas di pedesaan Papua sedikit banyak telah membuka pengetahuan pembangunan dan ruang keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatannya. Namun Tridaya pembangunan (bantuan keuangan, pembangunan infrastruktur dan pemberdayaan sosial-ekonomi) terkendala persoalan internal dan eksternal. Di sisi internal, program pembangunan belum mampu mengaktifkan partisipasi seluruh kelompok masyarakat dalam kegiatan pembangunan dan mendorong terintegrasinya kegiatan sosial-ekonomi. Sebabnya adalah program kegiatan pembangunan masih terpusat pada sektor infrastruktur, kemudian informasi berada pada kelompok elit kampung dan pelaksanaan bersifat proyek. Di sisi eksternal, program bantuan yang diberikan bersifat karitatif dan tidak banyak menambah pasar maupun hasil produksi warga, malah membuat ketergantungan atas bantuan yang diberikan. Pembangunan pedesaan di Papua juga menimbulkan sentimen negatif di masyarakat—antara kelompok asli dengan pendatang maupun antara kelompok elit dengan masyarakat bawah—yang memicu persinggungan di dalam masyarakat maupun dengan negara.  Kata Kunci: Pembangunan Komunitas, Partisipasi, Dependensi, Interelasi

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN KELAYAKAN USAHA TANI JAGUNG DI DESA POOPO KECAMATAN PASSI TIMUR KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW

This study aims to determine determine the amount of corn farming income and whether corn farming is feasible to be cultivated by corn farmers in Poopo Village, Modoinding District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020. The data used are primary data obtained through interviews with 30 (thirty) respondents of scallion farmers. The method used in this research uses descriptive quantitative and is presented in tabular form. The data analyzed included: income analysis and contribution analysis. The results showed that The average income of corn farmers in Poopo Village, East Passi Subdistrict, is Rp 2.786,363,89 / farmer and Rp 2.604,078,40 / ha, with an      R / C value generated per farmer of 1.06. The value of R / C ratio produced is more than one, indicating that maize farming in Poopo Village, Passi Timur District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency is profitable and feasible to operate