241 research outputs found
Spatial phase dislocations in femtosecond laser pulses
We show that spatial phase dislocations associated with optical vortices can be embedded in femtosecond laser beams by computer-generated holograms, provided that they are built in a setup compensating for the introduced spatial dispersion of the broad spectrum. We present analytical results describing two possible arrangements: a dispersionless 4 setup and a double-pass grating compressor. Experimental results on the generation of optical vortices in the output beam of a 20 fs Ti:sapphire laser and the proof-of-principle measurements with a broadband-tunable cw Ti:sapphire laser confirm our theoretical predictions.This research was partially supported by the National
Science Fund (Bulgaria), under contract F-1303/2003, and
the Australian Research Council
Momentum distributions of sequential ionization generated by an intense laser pulse
Journals published by the American Physical Society can be found at http://publish.aps.org/The relative yield and momentum distributions of all multiply charged atomic ions generated by a short (30 fs) intense (10(14)-5 x 10(18) W/cm(2)) laser pulse are investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation. We predict a substantial shift in the maximum (centroid) of the ion-momentum distribution along the laser polarization as a function of the absolute phase. This effect should be experimentally detectable with currently available laser systems even for relatively long pulses, such as 25-30 fs. In addition to the numerical results, we present semianalytical scaling for the position of the maximum
Intensity-resolved measurement of above-threshold ionization of Ar-HO
Above-treshold ionization (ATI) by femtosecond laser pulses centered at
515\,nm is studied for a gas mixture containing the Van-der-Waals complex
Ar-HO. By detecting photoions and -electrons in coincidence, the ATI
spectra for Ar, Ar, \HHO, and Ar-\HHO are discerned and measured
simultaneously. Using an intensity-scanning technique, we observe the red-shift
of the ATI spectra as a function of the laser intensity. The
intensity-dependent shift of the ATI peak positions observed for Ar-HO and
HO match but significantly differ from the ones measured for Ar and Ar.
This indicates that the photoelectron is emitted from the \HHO site of the
complex and the vertical ionization potential of Ar-HO is determined as
\,eV. For resacttered electrons, however, an enhancement of
high-order ATI is observed for Ar-HO, as compared to HO, suggesting
that the relatively large Ar atom acts as a scattering center, which influences
the ionization dynamics.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Ellipticity dependence of 400 nm-driven high harmonic generation
We studied the dependence of high harmonic generation efficiency on the ellipticity of 400 nm driving laser pulses at 7.7 x 10(14) W/cm(2) and compared it with the 800 nm driving laser under the same conditions. The measured decrease of high harmonic yield with the ellipticity of the 400 nm laser is similar to 1.5 times slower that of the 800 nm, which agrees well with theoretical predictions based on a semi-classical model. The results indicate that it is feasible to use the generalized double optical gating with 400 nm lasers for extracting single attosecond pulses with high efficiency
Dependence of high-order-harmonic-generation yield on driving-laser ellipticity
High-order-harmonic-generation yield is remarkably sensitive to driving laser ellipticity, which is interesting from a fundamental point of view as well as for applications. The most well-known example is the generation of isolated attosecond pulses via polarization gating. We develop an intuitive semiclassical model that makes use of the recently measured initial transverse momentum of tunneling ionization. The model is able to predict the dependence of the high-order-harmonic yield on driving laser ellipticity and is in good agreement with experimental results and predictions from a numerically solved time-dependent Schrodinger equation
In situ tomography of femtosecond optical beams with a holographic knife-edge
We present an in situ beam characterization technique to analyze
femtosecond optical beams in a folded version of a 2f-2f setup. This
technique makes use of a two-dimensional spatial light modulator (SLM) to
holographically redirect radiation between different diffraction orders. This
manipulation of light between diffraction orders is carried out locally within
the beam. Because SLMs can withstand intensities of up to I~10^11 W/cm,
this makes them suitable for amplified femtosecond radiation. The flexibility of the SLM was demonstrated by producing a diverse assortment of "soft apertures" that are mechanically difficult or impossible to
reproduce. We test our method by holographically knife-edging and
tomographically reconstructing both continuous wave and broadband
radiation in transverse optical modes.This work was partially supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation (grant No. A1546), the National Science Foundation (NSF) (grants Nos. 0722800 and 0555568), the Qatar National Research Fund (grant NPRP30-6-7-35), and the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) (grant FA9550-07-1-0069)
A large aperture reflective wave-plate for high-intensity short-pulse laser experiments
We report on a reflective wave-plate system utilizing phase-shifting mirrors
(PSM) for a continuous variation of elliptical polarization without changing
the beam position and direction. The scalability of multilayer optics to large
apertures and the suitability for high-intensity broad-bandwidth laser beams
make reflective wave-plates an ideal tool for experiments on relativistic
laser-plasma interaction. Our measurements confirm the preservation of the
pulse duration and spectrum when a 30-fs Ti:Sapphire laser beam passes the
system
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Characterization of encapsulated graphene layers using extreme ultraviolet coherence tomography
Many applications of two-dimensional materials such as graphene require the encapsulation in bulk material. While a variety of methods exist for the structural and functional characterization of uncovered 2D materials, there is a need for methods that image encapsulated 2D materials as well as the surrounding matter. In this work, we use extreme ultraviolet coherence tomography to image graphene flakes buried beneath 200 nm of silicon. We show that we can identify mono-, bi-, and trilayers of graphene and quantify the thickness of the silicon bulk on top by measuring the depth-resolved reflectivity. Furthermore, we estimate the quality of the graphene interface by incorporating a model that includes the interface roughness. These results are verified by atomic force microscopy and prove that extreme ultraviolet coherence tomography is a suitable tool for imaging 2D materials embedded in bulk materials
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