RESÍDUOS DE PESTICIDAS EM ALIMENTOS

This work had as objective to compare the levels of pesticide residues found in foods investigated for the of Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Foods Program (APRFP) of the National Agency of Sanitary Monitoring (ANVISA) and to evaluate the possible toxic risk of their ingestion. This work compared the data of the reports of the APRFP of 2001 and 2003, where 2.647 samples of nine cultures of vegetables and fruits had been analyzed. The toxic risk for the population of the ingestion of these residues using data of the maximum limit of residue for each pesticide and data of alimentary consumption was calculated. Also it was determined the number of pesticides which exceeded the maximum limit allowed of pesticides found in cultures where its use is not allowed. The results showed that no significant modifications in the number of residues were found in the two evaluations made for the APRFP in the years of 2001 and 2003. Amongst the 2.647 analyzed samples 2.256 pesticide residues had been detected, of these, 68% were of regular use and 32% of irregular use(89% not authorized use and 11% above of the Maximum Limit of Residues). The pesticide number that presented toxic risk for the population was of 19 in the evaluation of the report of 2001 and 16 in the 2003 report. This data allowed to conclude that foods with pesticide residues would not have to present risk for the population, requiring better supervision practices of pesticides use in agriculture. .Este trabalho teve como objetivos comparar os níveis de resíduos de pesticidas encontrados em alimentos investigados pelo Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Pesticidas em Alimentos da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (PARA/ANVISA) e avaliar o possível risco tóxico da sua ingestão. Para tanto, foram comparados os dados dos relatórios do PARA de 2001 e 2003, quando 2647 amostras de nove culturas de hortaliças e frutas foram analisadas. Calculou-se o risco tóxico da ingestão desses resíduos pela população utilizando dados do limite máximo de resíduo para cada pesticida e do consumo alimentar. Também determinou-se o número de pesticidas que ultrapassaram o limite máximo de resíduos (LMR) permitido e pesticidas encontrados em culturas cujo uso não é permitido. Os resultados indicaram que não houve modificações significativas no número de resíduos encontrados nas duas avaliações efetuadas pelo PARA entre os anos de 2001 e 2003. Dentre as 2.647 amostras analisadas foram detectados resíduos de 2.256 pesticidas, sendo 68% envolvendo o uso regular e 32% o uso irregular (não-autorizado 89% e uso acima do LMR 11%). Dezenove pesticidas apresentaram risco tóxico para a população na avaliação do relatório de 2001 e 16 no relatório de 2003. Esses dados permitem concluir que alimentos com resíduos de pesticidas não deveriam apresentar risco para a população, exigindo melhoria na fiscalização do uso de pesticidas na agricultura

Exposição pré e perinatal ao herbicida glifosfato (Roundup) em ratos Wistar

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Prolonged Diuretic Activity and Calcium-Sparing Effect of Tropaeolum majus

Although several studies indicate high effectiveness in the use of the hydroethanolic extract from Tropaeolum majus (HETM) as a diuretic, the impact of its prolonged use in the presence of low estrogen levels remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the diuretic effects of prolonged administration of HETM in ovariectomized rats and their interrelationship between calcium excretion and bone turnover. Forty-two female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated orally with different doses of HETM (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. On the first day of treatment and at weekly intervals for four weeks the diuretic activity was evaluated. Electrolyte concentrations and creatinine levels were estimated from urine sample of each rat. The serum lipids, urea, creatinine, and osteocalcin were also measured at the end of the experiment. The data revealed that the HETM was able to sustain its diuretic effect after prolonged treatment. Moreover, its use has not affected the urinary calcium or potassium excretion, reduces lipid levels, and maintains osteocalcin levels similarly to untreated rats. These findings support the potential of HETM as a candidate to be used in clinical conditions in which the renal loss of calcium is not desired

Ninety-Day Oral Toxicity Assessment of an Alternative Biopolymer for Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems Obtained from Cassava Starch Acetate

The large consumption of biodegradable films from cassava starch acetate (FCSA) as ingredients in food and pharmaceutical products requires the assessment of the possible toxicity of these products. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of biodegradable film from cassava starch acetate after oral exposure of Wistar rats for 90 days. The amount of food consumed and the body weight were weekly monitored. Blood and urine samples were obtained for the assessment of serum parameters and renal function. Histopathological analyses in target organs were also performed. No evidence of clinical toxicity in hematological, biochemical, or renal parameters in the FCSA-treated animals was found. In addition, relative organ weight and histopathological evaluations did not differ between groups treated with FCSA and control. Data obtained suggest that the subchronic exposure to FCSA does not cause obvious signs of toxicity in Wistar rats, indicating possible safety of this biofilm

Qualidade e Consumo do Leite Bovino do Vale do Ribeira

Preocupados con el perfil del consumo de leche en la región de Vale do Ribeira/PR el proyecto pertenecienteal programa “Universidade Sem Fronteras” de la SETI/PR en sociedad con el PROLAC – ProjetoLeite, Alimento de Criança, decidió mejorar la calidad de leche bovina y analizar el perfil del consumode leche y derivados de la población de la región. Para alcanzar los objetivos fueron realizadas visitas en39 propiedades rurales, evidenciando los problemas higiénico-sanitarios siendo estos corregidos. Resultoen la mejora de 33% en la producción de leche y considerables mejorías en la calidad de leche. También,como herramienta de la acción, fueron dadas conferencias en escuelas municipales y estatales de primariay secundaria, para el análisis del perfil de la consumición de leche de los alumnos de la región. Todos losalumnos de Adrianópolis (100%) con hasta 10 años dicen injerir 2 vasos de la leche por día, mientras que30.3% de los alumnos de Bocaiúva do Sul con esta venda del etária consumen cantidad inferior recomendadapara los nutricionistas. Importantes cantidad de individuos (40.89% en Adrianópolis y 21.3% en Bocaiúvadel Sul) consume derivados de origen casera y artesanal, sin garantías higiénicas y sanitarias. El consumode leche es inferior al recomendado por el “National Institute of Heath” (Instituto Nacional de la Salud),para los niños de hasta 12 años, siendo aproximadamente 4 y 5 vasos de leche por día. Hace necesaria lacontinuación del trabajo para concientizar el producto rural de la importancia para mejorar la calidad deleche producida y estimular el consumo de leche y derivados de la derivación de estas características.Worried about the profile of milk consumption in the region of the Vale do Ribeira/PR, the pertaining Projectof the Program Universidade sem Fronteiras from SETI/PR, in partnership with the PROLAC – Projeto Leite,Alimento de Criança, targeted to improve the quality of bovine milk and to analyze the profile of the milkconsumption and derivatives of the population of the Region. To reach the objectives, visits in 39 countryproperties had been carried through, evidencing hygienical-sanitary problems,wich were solved. This redisposultedin the improvement of 33% in the production of milk and considerable improvements in the qualityof this milk. Also, as action tools, lectures in municipal and state elementary and high schools been given,to an analysis of the profile of milk consumption of the pupils from the region. All the pupils of Adrianópolis(100%) under 10 years old reported that they ingested 2 cupsoper day, while 30.3% of the children fromBocaiúva do Sul uder that age consumed an inferior amount i relation to the recommended nutritionists.Some important parcel of individuals (40.89% in Adrianópolis and 21.3% in Bocaiúva do Sul) consumesdairy products from homemade and artisanal origin, without hygienical-sanitary guarantees. The daily milkconsumption is inferior to what is recommended byf the National Institute of Health for children up to 12years old, that is approximately 4-5 cups of milk per day. The continuation of that work becomes necessaryto the agricultural producer’s awareness of the importance in improving the productive quality of milk andstimulating the consumption of milk and dairy products which come from those properties.Preocupados com o perfil de consumo de leite na região do Vale do Ribeira/PR, o Projeto pertencente aoPrograma Universidade Sem Fronteiras da SETI/PR em parceria com o PROLAC - Projeto Leite, Alimentode Criança, objetivou melhorar a qualidade do leite bovino e analisar o perfil do consumo de leite e derivadosda população dessa Região. Para alcançar os objetivos foram realizadas visitas em 39 propriedadesrurais, constatando problemas higiênico-sanitários e corrigindo-os. Isso resultou na melhora de 33% naprodução de leite e consideráveis melhorias na qualidade. Também, como ferramentas de ação, foramministradas palestras em escolas municipais e estaduais de nível fundamental e médio, para análise doperfil do consumo de leite dos alunos da região. Todos os alunos de Adrianópolis (100%) com até 10 anosrelatam ingerir 2 copos leite/dia, enquanto 30,3% dos alunos de Bocaiúva de Sul, com esta faixa etária,consomem quantidade inferior à recomendada por nutricionistas. Importante parcela de indivíduos (40,89%em Adrianópolis e 21,3% em Bocaiúva do Sul) consome derivados de origem caseira e artesanal, semgarantias higiênico-sanitárias. O consumo de leite diário é inferior ao recomendado pelo National Instituteof Health para crianças de até 12 anos, que é de aproximadamente 4 a 5 copos leite/dia. Faz-se necessáriauma intensa ação extensionista para conscientizar o produtor da importância de melhorar a qualidadeprodutiva e estimular o consumo de leite e derivados oriundos dessas propriedades

Sodium fluoride does not alter sperm production or sperm morphology in rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the male reproductive system. Adult male rats were exposed to NaF in drinking water for 30 days at three concentrations: 1.54 (control, tap water), 50 and 100 ppm. Body and organ weights, daily sperm production, sperm number and morphology were investigated. No difference was observed on the sperm number and morphology among the groups, as well as body weight and organ absolute and relative weights. Overall, despite the presence of a mild degree of dental fluorosis in the higher dose group, the results indicated that exposure to NaF at the doses used in the present study did not adversely affect sperm production and morphology of male rats

Malformações esqueléticas em fetos de ratos expostos ao herbicida glifosato (ROUNDUP R) durante a prenhez

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Exposição pré e perinatal ao herbicida glifosfato (Roundup) em ratos Wistar

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