Desconto sexual e comportamento sexual de risco em uma amostra de jovens adultos da Colômbia

The goal of this study was to describe the rate of sexual discounting and its correlation with the self-report of Sexual Risk Behavior in a sample of young adults from Colombia. To achieve this goal, a correlational cross-sectional non-experimental study was done. 139 young adults’ participants were exposed to a self-report of Sexual Risk Behavior questionary, a Sexual Delay Discounting Task (SDDT) and a Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ). The results suggest that the value of the safe sex option decreases with delay to obtain a condom (i.e. sexual discounting). Additionally, was observed that the sexual discounting rate was associated with the self-report of sexual risk behavior, like, the number of sexual partners and sexual encounters in the last 3 months. Was also observed a different pattern of sexual discounting between man and woman.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir la tasa de descuento sexual y evaluar la relación entre el autorreporte de Conductas Sexuales Arriesgadas (CSA) y el descuento sexual en una muestra de adultos jóvenes en Colombia. Para esto, se realizó una investigación no experimental de corte transversal y correlacional. 139 participantes fueron sometidos a un cuestionario de Autorreporte de Conductas de Riesgo Sexual, la Tarea de Descuento Sexual (SDDT) y el Cuestionario de Elección Monetaria (MCQ). Los análisis de la curva de descuento sexual demuestran que el valor de la opción de tener sexo seguro disminuye con el incremento en la demora en la obtención de un condón (i.e. descuento sexual). Adicionalmente, se observa que el grado de descuento sexual está asociado con CSA, como el número de parejas sexuales y el número de relaciones sexuales en los últimos 3 meses y que hay una diferencia en el patrón de descuento sexual entre hombres y mujeres.O Objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever a taxa de desvalorização sexual pela demora e avaliar a relação entre o autoreporte de Comportamentos Sexuais de Risco (CSA) e a desvalorização sexual numa mostra de adultos jovens da Colômbia. Para isso, se realizo uma investigação não experimental, transversal correlacional na qual 139 participantes foram submetidos a um questionário de Autorreporte de Comportamentos Sexuais de Risco, a uma tarefa de Desvalorização Sexual pela Demora (SDDT) e o Questionário de Escolha Monetária (MCQ). As análises da curva de desvalorização sexual mostram que o valor da opção de ter sexo seguro diminui com o aumento da demora para obter um preservativo (i.e. desvalorização pela demora). Se observa que o grau de desvalorização sexual está associado com CSA, com o número de parceiros sexuais e de relações sexuais nos últimos 3 meses. Adicionalmente, os dados sugerem uma diferença no padrão de desvalorização sexual entre homens e mulheres. &nbsp

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

American College of Rheumatology Provisional Criteria for Clinically Relevant Improvement in Children and Adolescents With Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

10.1002/acr.23834ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH715579-59

Rhizoctonia solani AG-3PT is the major pathogen associated with potato stem canker and black scurf in Colombia

Stem canker and black scurf diseases of potatoes are caused by the basidiomycetous fungus Tanatephorus cucumeris (ana-morphic species complex Rhizoctonia solani). Tese diseases have worldwide distribution wherever potato is grown but their etiology varies depending on the predominance of distinct R. solani anastomosis groups (AGs) in a particular area. Within the species complex, several AGs have been associated with stem canker or black scurf diseases, including AG-1, AG-2-1, AG-2-2, AG-3, AG-4, AG-5 and AG-9. Tis article reports on the most comprehensive population-based study, providing evidence on the distribution of R. solani AGs in Colombian potato fields. A total of 433 isolates were sampled from the main potato cropping areas in Colombia from 2005 to 2009. Isolates were assigned to AGs by conventional PCR assays using specific primers for AG-3, sequencing of the ITS-rDNA and hyphal interactions. Most of the isolates evaluated were assigned to AG-3PT (88.45%), and a few to AG-2-1 (2.54%). Te remaining isolates were binucleate Rhizoctonia (AG-A, E, and I). Pathogenicity tests on the stems and roots of different plant species, including the potato, showed that AG-3PT affects the stems of solanaceous plants. In other plant species, damage was severe in the roots, but not the stems. AG-2-1 caused stem canker of Solanum tuberosum cv. Capiro and in R. raphanistrum and B. campestris subsp. Rapa plantlets and root rot in other plants. Te results of our study indicated that R. solani AG-3PT was the principal pathogen associated with potato stem canker and black scurf diseases of potatoes in Colombia

Rhizoctonia solani GA-3PT es el principal patógeno asociado con el chancro del tallo y la sarna negra de la papa en Colombia

Stem canker and black scurf diseases of potatoes are caused by the basidiomycetous fungus Tanatephorus cucumeris (ana-morphic species complex Rhizoctonia solani). Tese diseases have worldwide distribution wherever potato is grown but their etiology varies depending on the predominance of distinct R. solani anastomosis groups (AGs) in a particular area. Within the species complex, several AGs have been associated with stem canker or black scurf diseases, including AG-1, AG-2-1, AG-2-2, AG-3, AG-4, AG-5 and AG-9. Tis article reports on the most comprehensive population-based study, providing evidence on the distribution of R. solani AGs in Colombian potato fields. A total of 433 isolates were sampled from the main potato cropping areas in Colombia from 2005 to 2009. Isolates were assigned to AGs by conventional PCR assays using specific primers for AG-3, sequencing of the ITS-rDNA and hyphal interactions. Most of the isolates evaluated were assigned to AG-3PT (88.45%), and a few to AG-2-1 (2.54%). Te remaining isolates were binucleate Rhizoctonia (AG-A, E, and I). Pathogenicity tests on the stems and roots of different plant species, including the potato, showed that AG-3PT affects the stems of solanaceous plants. In other plant species, damage was severe in the roots, but not the stems. AG-2-1 caused stem canker of Solanum tuberosum cv. Capiro and in R. raphanistrum and B. campestris subsp. Rapa plantlets and root rot in other plants. Te results of our study indicated that R. solani AG-3PT was the principal pathogen associated with potato stem canker and black scurf diseases of potatoes in Colombia