1,566 research outputs found
The Silicon Sensors for the High Granularity Calorimeter of CMS
The installation of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC)
presents unprecedented challenges to experiments like the Compact Muon Solenoid
(CMS) in terms of event rate, integrated luminosity and therefore radiation
exposures. To cope with this new environment, new detectors will be installed
during the CMS Phase 2 Upgrade, including the replacement of the calorimeter
endcaps with the "High Granularity Calorimeter" (HGCAL), which contains silicon
sensors and scintillators as active elements. The silicon sensors will be
produced in an 8" wafer process, which is new for high-energy physics, so it
demands extensive quality verification. A first batch of prototype sensors
underwent electrical tests at the institutes of the CMS Collaboration. Testing
revealed major problems with the mechanical stability of the thin backside
protective layer, that were not seen in earlier 6" prototypes produced by a
different backside processing method. Following these results, the HGCAL group
introduced the concept of "frontside biasing", allowing testing of the sensors
without exposing its backside, verified the applicability, and adapted the
prototype design to apply this method in series production.Comment: 6 pages, 11 figures, proceedings of the "HSTD12: 12th International
"Hiroshima" Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor
Tracking Detectors (HSTD12)", 14-18 Dec 2019, Hiroshima (Japan), to be
submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:
Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipmen
Physical Training Programs After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Exercise-based rehabilitation is considered an important adjunct therapy for secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease, mainly in populations with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention. Thus, the increasing number of cardiac surgeries along the years is enlarging the participation of patients in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Encouraging exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation might decreases in-hospital stay, speeds returns to work and reduces costs in public health. Recently, two training modalities of exercise gained much attention in cardiac rehabilitation programs: continuous exercise and high-intensity interval aerobic training (HIIAT). The aim of this chapter is to review the effects of HIIAT in patients that undergone to CABG or other cardiac surgeries regarding clinical and physiological parameters such as death, cardiovascular outcomes, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, quality of life and other parameters, beyond to evaluate the feasibility and safety of HIIAT in this patient’s group
Hardware efficient monitoring of input/output signals
A communication device comprises first and second circuits to implement a plurality of ports via which the communicative device is operable to communicate over a plurality of communication channels. For each of the plurality of ports, the communication device comprises: command hardware that includes a first transmitter to transmit data over a respective one of the plurality of channels and a first receiver to receive data from the respective one of the plurality of channels; and monitor hardware that includes a second receiver coupled to the first transmitter and a third receiver coupled to the respective one of the plurality of channels. The first circuit comprises the command hardware for a first subset of the plurality of ports. The second circuit comprises the monitor hardware for the first subset of the plurality of ports and the command hardware for a second subset of the plurality of ports
Preliminary evaluation of polarimetric parameters from a new dual-polarization C-band weather radar in an alpine region
The first operational weather radar with dual polarization capabilities was
recently installed in Austria. The use of polarimetric radar variables rises
several expectations: an increased accuracy of the rain rate estimation
compared to standard Z-R relationships, a reliable use of attenuation
correction methods, and finally hydrometeor classification. In this study
the polarimetric variables of precipitation events are investigated and the
operational quality of the parameters is discussed. For the new weather
radar also several polarimetric rain rate estimators, which are based on the
horizontal polarization radar reflectivity, <i>Z</i><sub>H</sub>, the differential
reflectivity, <i>Z</i><sub>DR</sub>, and the specific differential propagation phase
shift, <i>K</i><sub>DP</sub>, have been tested. The rain rate estimators are further
combined with an attenuation correction scheme. A comparison between radar
and rain gauge indicates that <i>Z</i><sub>DR</sub> based rain rate algorithms show an
improvement over the traditional Z-R estimate. <i>K</i><sub>DP</sub> based estimates do
not provide reliable results, mainly due to the fact, that the observed
<i>K</i><sub>DP</sub> parameters are quite noisy. Furthermore the observed rain rates are
moderate, where <i>K</i><sub>DP</sub> is less significant than in heavy rain
A Low-cost Strategic Monitoring Approach for Scalable and Interpretable Error Detection in Deep Neural Networks
We present a highly compact run-time monitoring approach for deep computer
vision networks that extracts selected knowledge from only a few (down to
merely two) hidden layers, yet can efficiently detect silent data corruption
originating from both hardware memory and input faults. Building on the insight
that critical faults typically manifest as peak or bulk shifts in the
activation distribution of the affected network layers, we use strategically
placed quantile markers to make accurate estimates about the anomaly of the
current inference as a whole. Importantly, the detector component itself is
kept algorithmically transparent to render the categorization of regular and
abnormal behavior interpretable to a human. Our technique achieves up to ~96%
precision and ~98% recall of detection. Compared to state-of-the-art anomaly
detection techniques, this approach requires minimal compute overhead (as
little as 0.3% with respect to non-supervised inference time) and contributes
to the explainability of the model
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Investigation into a Layered Approach to Architecting Security-Informed Safety Cases
The paper describes a layered approach to analysing safety and security in a structured way and creating a security-informed safety case. The approach is applied to a case study – a Security Gateway controlling data flow between two different security domains implemented with a separation kernel based operating system in an avionics environment. We discuss some findings from the case study, show how the approach identifies and ameliorates important interactions between safety and security and supports the development of complex assurance case structures
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Security-Informed Safety Case Approach to Analysing MILS Systems
Safety cases are the development foundation for safety-critical systems and are often quite complex to understand depending on the size of the system and operational conditions. The recent advent of security aspects complicates the issues further. This paper describes an approach to analysing safety and security in a structured way and creating security-informed safety cases that provide justification of safety taking into particular consideration the impact of security. The paper includes an overview of the structured assurance case concept, a security-informed safety methodology and a layered approach to constructing cases. The approach is applied to a Security Gateway that is used to control data flow between security domains in a separation kernel based operating system in avionics environment. We show that a clear and structured way of presenting a safety case combining safety and security alleviates understanding important interactions taking into account the impact and, hence, increases safety
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