EROSÃO URBANA: A PROBLEMÁTICA DAS CRATERAS ASFÁLTICAS.

O espaço geográfico é constituído por um elo entre a sociedade e a natureza e para sua constituição foram necessárias muitas alterações no sistema natural. Esse processo desencadeou inúmeras mudanças, em que, muitas das vezes ocorreram sem o devido planejamento e ocasionaram no engendramento do urbano e nas múltiplas e difusas problemáticas relacionadas a superfície do relevo, a hidrologia e a degradação do pavimento asfáltico. Dessarte, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar de forma exploratória os fatores morfológicos da superfície pavimentada condicionantes para o desenvolvimento das crateras asfálticas em perímetro urbano. Por meio de estudo em campo foram selecionados pontos da cidade de Frutal-MG que apresentavam crateras em níveis acentuados e sobrepostos em morfologias de superfície dessemelhantes, sempre levando em consideração também as feições geomorfológicas presentes. Foi constatado que a morfologia da superfície pode contribuir para aumentar a problemática das crateras urbanas, assim como a falta da percepção sistêmica no planejamento urbano da cidade

EROSÃO URBANA: A PROBLEMÁTICA DAS CRATERAS ASFÁLTICAS.

O espaço geográfico é constituído por um elo entre a sociedade e a natureza e para sua constituição foram necessárias muitas alterações no sistema natural. Esse processo desencadeou inúmeras mudanças, em que, muitas das vezes ocorreram sem o devido planejamento e ocasionaram no engendramento do urbano e nas múltiplas e difusas problemáticas relacionadas a superfície do relevo, a hidrologia e a degradação do pavimento asfáltico. Dessarte, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar de forma exploratória os fatores morfológicos da superfície pavimentada condicionantes para o desenvolvimento das crateras asfálticas em perímetro urbano. Por meio de estudo em campo foram selecionados pontos da cidade de Frutal-MG que apresentavam crateras em níveis acentuados e sobrepostos em morfologias de superfície dessemelhantes, sempre levando em consideração também as feições geomorfológicas presentes. Foi constatado que a morfologia da superfície pode contribuir para aumentar a problemática das crateras urbanas, assim como a falta da percepção sistêmica no planejamento urbano da cidade

A SEGREGAÇÃO E A EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL: EFEITOS PERVERSOS DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO NO ESPAÇO INTRAURBANO

Após a segunda metade do século XX foram intensificadas as mudanças sociais e econômicas, as quais se beneficiaram do desenvolvimento tecnológico e do processo de globalização. Como produto e condição da reprodução da sociedade na divisão internacional do trabalho, o espaço urbano, então, adquire maiores complexidades e contradições. Diante deste contexto, têm-se breves considerações acerca dos aspectos gerais dos processos de globalização, exclusão e segregação social, os quais em decorrência de suas naturezas são de difícil compreensão e conceitualização, apesar de constituírem fenômenos que, globalmente, atingem as pessoas de formas diferenciadas, beneficiando alguns enquanto prejudica outros. As cidades revelam a expansão das desigualdades em suas formas espaciais, cada vez mais diferenciadas e fragmentadas, apesar da proximidade territorial. As áreas periféricas evidenciam claramente esse processo, pois nelas estão de um lado os grupos sociais excluídos e de outro lado, especialmente nos condomínios fechados, estão os grupos sociais beneficiados pela atual conjuntura

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

The biogeography of the Amazonian tree flora

We describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Withinplot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich soils) and central–eastern Amazonia associated with the Guiana and Brazilian Shields (with more ancient geology and poor soils). The second gradient was between the wet forests of the northwest and the drier forests in southern Amazonia. Isolines linking cells of similar composition crossed major Amazonian rivers, suggesting that tree species distributions are not limited by rivers. Even though some areas of relatively sharp species turnover were identified, mostly the tree species composition changed gradually over large extents, which does not support delimiting clear discrete biogeographic regions within Amazonia

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue