Intervenções sobre a linguagem: a produção de um esquecimento na colônia-brasilis

Starting from the lacanian notion that the unconscious is structured as a language, the intention of this article is to reflect from the formal prohibition of the Língua Geral Brasílica that occurred in the 18th century and its replacement by the Portuguese language as a result of a directive from the empire colonial. It is a psychoanalytic essay on this event, with contributions from linguistics, anthropology, sociology, decolonial studies, Tupi grammar and parallel texts on the subject. Not restricted to a historical debate, it is signaled how a forbidden language continues, unconsciously, being spoken, extracting from this an articulation between psychoanalysis, the unconscious and the radicality of the symbolic.Partiendo de la noción lacaniana de que el inconsciente se estructura como un lenguaje, la intención de este artículo es reflexionar sobre la prohibición formal de la Língua Geral Brasílica ocurrida en el siglo XVIII y su sustitución por la lengua portuguesa a raíz de una directriz del imperio colonial. Se trata de un ensayo psicoanalítico sobre este acontecimiento, con aportes de la lingüística, la antropología, la sociología, los estudios decoloniales, la gramática tupí y textos paralelos sobre el tema. No restringida a un debate histórico, muestra cómo se sigue hablando, inconscientemente, un lenguaje prohibido, extrayendo de allí una articulación entre el psicoanálisis, el inconsciente y la radicalidad de lo simbólico.En partant de la notion lacanienne selon laquelle l'inconscient est structuré comme un langage, l'intention de cet article est de réfléchir sur l'interdiction formelle de la Língua Geral Brasílica survenue au XVIIIe siècle et son remplacement par la langue portugaise à la suite d'une directive de l'empire colonial. Il s'agit d'un essai psychanalytique sur cet événement, avec des contributions de la linguistique, de l'anthropologie, de la sociologie, des études décoloniales, de la grammaire tupi et de textes parallèles sur le sujet. Ne se limitant pas à un débat historique, il montre comment un langage interdit continue, inconsciemment, à être parlé, en extrayant une articulation entre la psychanalyse, l'inconscient et la radicalité du symbolique.Partindo da noção lacaniana de que o inconsciente é estruturado como linguagem, a intenção deste artigo é a de refletir sobre a proibição formal da Língua Geral Brasílica ocorrida no século XVIII e a da sua substituição pela língua portuguesa por efeito de uma diretiva do império colonial. Trata-se de um ensaio psicanalítico sobre esse evento, contando para isso com aportes também da linguística, da antropologia, da sociologia, dos estudos decoloniais, da gramática do tupi e de textos paralelos sobre o tema. Não se restringindo a um debate histórico, sinaliza-se como uma língua proibida continua, inconscientemente, sendo falada, extraindo-se daí uma articulação entre a psicanálise, o inconsciente e a radicalidade do simbólico

Isolation of novel microsatellite markers for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier 1818), an important freshwater fish of the Amazon.

Colossoma macropomum is an endemic species from Amazon basin. It is widely commercialized as food, becoming one of the main items in Amazonian fisheries. Despite its economic importance, genetic information of small captivity populations is not currently available. The present contribution describes 14 new microsatellite loci used to analyze 30 individuals of C. macropomum. The number of alleles for each locus ranged from 4 to 24. The observed (Ho) and expected (HE) heterozygosity values ranged from 0.318 to 1.000 and 0.729 to 0.949, respectively. Out of 14 polymorphic loci, nine did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. These new microsatellite loci will contribute towards the genetic of small artificial populations, as well as pedigree control of fish farms of C. macropomum

Antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of Neoglaziovia variegata (Bromeliaceae)

Antioxidant activities of Neoglaziovia variegata were evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching and was compared with ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The total phenolics content of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total flavonoid was also determined. The most significant total phenolic content was of 543.50 ± 9.38 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g for ethyl acetate extract (AcOEt), which presented the best antioxidant activity (IC50 5.08 ± 0.20 μg/ml) for DPPH scavenging. The acute toxicity of Nv-EtOH was performed 2.0 g/kg intraperitoneally and 5.0 g/kg orally in mice. No mortality and no toxicity signs were observed, indicating low toxicity of the extract. Blood was removed after 14 days for laboratory analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters. Alterations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine were observed. The data obtained showed that the doses induced microscopic alterations in the liver and kidney. In conclusion, the Nv-EtOH can be considered of low toxicity.Keywords: Antioxidant activity, acute toxicity, Neoglaziovia variegata, Bromeliacea

Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations from Ceará, Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Organophosphates and pyrethroids are used widely in Brazil to control <it>Aedes aegypti</it>, the main vector of dengue viruses, under the auspices of the National Programme for Dengue Control. Resistance to these insecticides is widespread throughout Brazil. In Ceará the vector is present in 98% of districts and resistance to temephos has been reported previously. Here we measure resistance to temephos and the pyrethroid cypermethrin in three populations from Ceará and use biochemical and molecular assays to characterise resistance mechanisms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Resistance to temephos varied widely across the three studied populations, with resistance ratios (RR₉₅) of 7.2, 30 and 192.7 in Juazeiro do Norte, Barbalha and Crato respectively. The high levels of resistance detected in Barbalha and Crato (RR₉₅≥ 30) imply a reduction of temephos efficacy, and indeed in simulated field tests reduced effectiveness was observed for the Barbalha population. Two populations (Crato and Barbalha) were also resistant to cypermethrin, whilst Juazeiro do Norte showed only an altered susceptibility. The <it>Ile1011Met kdr </it>mutation was detected in all three populations and <it>Val1016Ile </it>in Crato and Juazeiro do Norte. <it>1011Met </it>was significantly associated with resistance to cypermethrin in the Crato population. Biochemical tests showed that only the activity of esterases and GSTs, among the tested detoxification enzymes, was altered in these populations when compared with the Rockefeller strain.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that two <it>A. aegypti </it>populations from Ceará are under strong selection pressure by temephos, compromising the field effectiveness of this organophosphate. Our results also provide evidence that the process of reducing resistance to this larvicide in the field is difficult and slow and may require more than seven years for reversal. In addition, we show resistance to cypermethrin in two of the three populations studied, and for the first time the presence of the allele <it>1016Ile </it>in mosquito populations from northeastern Brazil. A significant association between <it>1011M</it>et and resistance was observed in one of the populations. Target-site mechanisms seem not to be implicated in temephos resistance, reinforcing the idea that for the studied populations, detoxification enzymes most likely play a major role in the resistance to this insecticide.</p

Increasing Students’ Interest With Low-Cost CellBots

This paper introduces the use of a flexible and affordable\ud educational robot specifically developed for the practical experimentation\ud inherent to technological disciplines. The robot has\ud been designed to be reconfigurable and extendible, serving as an\ud experimental platform across several undergraduate courses. As\ud most students have a mobile cell phone, this was used as the main\ud control computer for the so-called CellBot, thus avoiding any need\ud to deal with the details of microcontrollers or other embedded computing\ud devices. Assessment results are also presented, based on a\ud pre- and post-survey of student opinion administered to 204 science\ud and engineering students from several universities. Among\ud the conclusions are that 83% of the students prefer to use these\ud low-cost robots as tools to improve their learning of the theory in\ud several disciplines, and 71% of the students stated that they prefer\ud to have their own robot to experiment with, instead of using a didactic\ud kit loaned to them by the universityCNP

Severe Plasmodium vivax Malaria, Brazilian Amazon

We describe a case series of 17 patients hospitalized in Manaus (western Brazilian Amazon) with PCR-confirmed Plasmodium vivax infection who were treated with chloroquine and primaquine. The major complications were jaundice and severe anemia. No in vivo chloroquine resistance was detected. These data help characterize the clinical profile of severe P. vivax malaria in Latin America

Population dynamics of methanogenic archea in co-digestion systems operating different industrial residues for biogas production.

This study aimed to analyze the population dynamics of methanogenic archaea in codigestion systems operated under different concentrations of industrial waste such as ricotta whey and brewery waste sludge in association with bovine manure. It was believed that the association of these residues from the food industry combined with bovine manure can contribute to improve the production of biogas. To identify the archaea, DNA extractions and the sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene were performed from 38 samples of influents and effluents. The results indicated that Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina were predominant in the co-digestion of ricotta cheese whey and that Methanosaeta, Methanocorpusculum, and Methanobrevibacter prevailed in the co-digestion of residual brewery sludge. The three ricotta cheese whey biodigesters demonstrated efficiency in methane production; in contrast, residual sludge of brewery biodigesters only showed efficiency in the system operated with 20% co-substrate

Vulnerabilidade estrutural dos hospitais e cemitérios e crematórios da cidade de São Paulo à COVID-19

This is the first report by the COVID19 Observatory - Group: Contagion Networks analyzing mortality data from the city of São Paulo. In this report, we integrated mortality data for the city of São Paulo between 04/02/2020 and 04/28/2020, with information on the flow of victims between hospitals and cemeteries/crematoriums. We included in our analyzes both confirmed and suspected deaths from COVID-19. The main objectives of this report were: (1) to describe the structure of the flow of victims between locations and (2) to suggest changes in the current flow based on geographical distances in order to avoid a potential overload of the mortuary system. We suggest that the city of São Paulo should plan for a potential overload of the mortuary system (that is, the number of burials), based on the presented results. Thus, our results reinforce the need to adopt specific planning for the management of the extraordinary number of victims of this pandemic. Our predictions are based on the structural analysis of the COVID-19 victim flow network, which shows several hotspots with high vulnerability to system overload. These hotspots concentrate with either the greatest number of deaths (hospital) or of burials (cemetery or crematorium), and therefore have high potential to become overwhelmed by receiving many bodies due to the increase in victims of the pandemic. We recommend special attention to be given to localities on the east side of São Paulo, which has both the most vulnerable hospitals in the city, and also houses cemeteries and crematoriums that have a central role in the network and / or are vulnerable. Based on our optimization analysis, we suggest logistical changes in the current flow of bodies from hospitals to cemeteries/crematoriums so as not to overload the funeral system and minimize transportation costs. In this sense, our results are potentially useful for improving the operational planning of the Municipality of São Paulo, ratifying or rectifying actions underway at the municipal level.Este é o primeiro relatório do Observatório COVID19 - Grupo: Redes de Contágio analisando os dados de óbitos da cidade de São Paulo. Neste relatório, integramos os dados de óbitos da cidade de São Paulo entre os dias 02/04/2020 e 28/04/2020 com informações sobre o fluxo de vítimas entre os hospitais e os cemitérios e crematórios da cidade de São Paulo. Incluímos em nossas análises óbitos confirmados e óbitos suspeitos de COVID-19. Os principais objetivos deste relatório são: (1) descrever a estrutura do fluxo de vítimas entre localidades e (2) sugerir mudanças no fluxo com base em distâncias geográficas de maneira a evitar uma potencial sobrecarga do sistema funerário.&nbsp;Sugere-se à prefeitura da cidade de São Paulo que seja realizado um planejamento para uma potencial sobrecarga do sistema funerário (isto é, número de sepultamentos) da cidade de São Paulo com base nos resultados apresentados. Desta forma, nossos resultados reforçam a necessidade de ser adotado planejamento específico para a gestão dos casos extraordinários visualizados no contexto da pandemia. Esta previsão está baseada na análise estrutural da rede de fluxos de vítimas da COVID-19, que indica a concentração de vários locais com alta vulnerabilidade à sobrecarga do sistema. Tais locais concentram a maior quantidade de óbitos (hospitais) ou a maior concentração de sepultamentos (cemitérios ou crematórios) e tem portanto alto potencial de tornarem-se sobrecarregados por receberem muitos corpos devido ao aumento de vítimas da pandemia. Recomenda-se especial atenção à localidades da zona leste de São Paulo, que apresenta os hospitais mais vulneráveis da cidade e abriga cemitérios e crematórios que possuem papel central na rede e/ou encontram-se vulneráveis. Com base em nossa análise de otimização, sugerimos mudanças logísticas no atual fluxo de corpos de hospitais para cemitérios/crematórios de modo a não sobrecarregar o sistema funerário e minimizar os custos de transporte. Neste sentido, nossos resultados são potencialmente úteis ao aperfeiçoamento do planejamento operacional da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, ratificando ou retificando ações em curso no âmbito municipal