Brain Transcriptional Profiles of Male Alternative Reproductive Tactics and Females in Bluegill Sunfish

We thank Scott Colborne for his help in collecting bluegill, Dave Bridges for providing the R script to convert Ensemble IDs to stickleback homologs, and David Winter and Jeramia Ory for providing Python script used in the bioinformatics analyses. We thank Doug Haywick for producing Fig 1. We also thank Shawn Garner, Tim Hain, Lauren Kordonowy, and Lindsay Havens, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) are one of the classic systems for studying male alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) in teleost fishes. In this species, there are two distinct life histories: parental and cuckolder, encompassing three reproductive tactics, parental, satellite, and sneaker. The parental life history is fixed, whereas individuals who enter the cuckolder life history transition from sneaker to satellite tactic as they grow. For this study, we used RNAseq to characterize the brain transcriptome of the three male tactics and females during spawning to identify gene ontology (GO) categories and potential candidate genes associated with each tactic. We found that sneaker males had higher levels of gene expression differentiation compared to the other two male tactics. Sneaker males also had higher expression in ionotropic glutamate receptor genes, specifically AMPA receptors, compared to other males, which may be important for increased spatial working memory while attempting to cuckold parental males at their nests. Larger differences in gene expression also occurred among male tactics than between males and females. We found significant expression differences in several candidate genes that were previously identified in other species with ARTs and suggest a previously undescribed role for cAMP-responsive element modulator (crem) in influencing parental male behaviors during spawning.Yeshttp://www.plosone.org/static/editorial#pee

Propiedades de compuestos binucleares puenteados por cianuro

En este trabajo se abordó el estudio de tres series de compuestos binuclearesasimétricos puenteados por cianuro de fórmula general: [X(NC)4M"-CN-RuᵐY]ᴺ con M = Fe, Ru, Os Serie X Y m n Primera CNˉ (NH3)5 III -l Segunda CNˉ (edta)4- III —5 Tercera NO+ (NH3)5 II,III 0.1 Algunos de los miembros de la primera y segunda serie habían sido obtenidospreviamente. Todos los compuestos fueron caracterizados por métodos espectroscópicos (UV-Visible, IR cercano, IR y Raman) y electroquímicos. Los miembros de las dos primeras series son compuestos de valencia mixta conbandas de transferencia de intervalencia (TI) en el Visible-IR cercano. El análisis de susespectros indicó que son del tipo de "valencia localizada”. Sin embargo, los valores delparámetro de acoplamiento electrónico (1400-1600 cmˉ¹) son significativamente mayoresque los encontrados para compuestos de esta clase con otros ligandos puente (50-780cmˉ¹). Esto los ubica como un grupo especial dentro de los de su tipo, con unacoplamiento moderado entre los centros metálicos y una buena comunicaciónelectrónica. Además de las propiedades ópticas intramoleculares, los resultados de losestudios electroquímicos han puesto en evidencia efectos intermoleculares. Estos últimosdemostraron ser importantes también para interpretar los mecanismos de reacción conoxidantes externos. Los compuestos de la tercera serie fueron diseñados con el objetivo de controlarla reactividad del “NO” coordinado en fiinción el estado de oxidación del centro de Ru(NH3)5. Los compuestos con M = Os fueron obtenidos al estado sólido y, se encontróen ellos una diferencia de 5 órdenes de magnitud en la reacción de adición de base (OHˉ)al grupo “NO” según el valor de m.In this thesis we have studied three series of cyanide bridged asymmetricbinuclear compounds, described by the following general formula: [X(NC)4M"-CN-RuᵐY]ᴺ where M = Fe, Ru, Os Serie X Y m n First CN' (NH3)5 III -1 Second CN" (edta)4ˉ III -5 Third NO‘ (NH3)5 II,III 0,1 Some first and second series compounds had been obtained previously. All thecompounds were spectroscopically (UV-Visible, NIR and Raman) and electrochemicallycharacterized. The first and second series members are mixed valence compounds with NIR-Visibleintervalence transfer (IT) bands. Their spectral analysis has shown that theybelong to the “localized valence” type. However, the electronic coupling parametervalues (1400-1600 cmˉ¹) are significantly higher than those found for other compoundsof this type with other bridging ligand (50-780 cmˉ¹). This means that these compoundsare a special group among those of their type, with a moderate coupling between theirmetallic centers and they present a good electronic communication. Besides of the intramolecular optical properties, electrochemical results haveshown the existence of intermolecular effects. These studies were also important ininterpreting the external oxidant reaction mechanisms. The third series compounds were designed to control the reactivity ofcoordinated “NO” depending on the oxidation state of the Ru(NH3)5center. Compoundswith M = Os were obtained in solid state and a difference of 5 orders of magnitude wasfound for the (OHˉ) base addition reaction to “NO” according to the value of m.Fil: Forlano, Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina