HOW SAFE ARE OUR BABIES? AN IN-SIGHT ON EFFECT OF BISPHENOL A (BPA) ON DEVELOPMENT

Globally anthropogenic materials have replaced natural materials. These substances which were industrially useful have proved to be highly deleterious in recent decade. One of these compound is Bisphenol A (BPA), which is used in almost all food cans and containers. This paper focus on little known aspects of BPA which is an endocrine disruptor on oogenesis, gene implants, embryo development, mammary glands, prostate ,testis urethra. Exposure to even small concentrations of BPA have shown severe impact on different stages of embryo development. The behaviour modifications as well as carcinogenic effects are also discussed based on the studies on various animal models. Keywords: Bisphenol A, Leaching, Endocrine disruptor, Development, Carcinogenicity

CTmin_5d_8_23

CTmin_5d_8_23: 5day old flies developed at average temperature 23°C, with an amplitude of +/- 8°C and shifted as adults to opposite treatment regime, assayed for CTmi

Data from: Critical thermal limits affected differently by developmental and adult thermal fluctuations

Means and variances of the environmental thermal regime play an important role in determining the fitness of terrestrial ectotherms. Adaptive phenotypic responses induced by heterogeneous temperatures have been shown to be mediated by molecular pathways independent of the classic heat shock responses, however, an in-depth understanding of plasticity induced by fluctuating temperatures is still lacking. We investigated high and low temperature acclimation induced by fluctuating thermal regimes at two different mean temperatures, at two different amplitudes of fluctuation and across the developmental and adult life stages. For developmental acclimation, we found mildly detrimental effects of high amplitude fluctuations for critical thermal minima, while the critical thermal maxima showed a beneficial response to higher amplitude fluctuations. For adult acclimation involving shifts between fluctuating and constant regimes, cold tolerance was shown to be dictated by developmental temperature conditions irrespective of the adult treatments, while the acquired heat tolerance was readily lost when flies developed at fluctuating temperature were shifted to a constant regime as adults. Interestingly, we also found that effect of fluctuations at any life stage was gradually lost with prolonged adult maintenance suggesting a more prominent effect of fluctuations during developmental compared to adult acclimation in Drosophila melanogaster

CTmax_9d_4_19

CTmax_9d_4_19: 9day old flies developed at average temperature 19°C, with an amplitude of +/- 4°C and shifted as adults to opposite temperature regime, assayed for CTma

CTmax_9d_8_19

CTmax_9d_8_19: 9day old flies developed at average temperature 19°C, with an amplitude of +/- 8°C and shifted as adults to opposite temperature regime, assayed for CTma

CTmax_5d_8_19

CTmax_5d_8_19: 5day old flies developed at average temperature 19°C, with an amplitude of +/- 8°C and shifted as adults to opposite treatment regime, assayed for CTma

CTmax_5d_8_23

CTmax_5d_8_23: 5day old flies developed at average temperature 23°C, with an amplitude of +/- 8°C and shifted as adults to opposite treatment regime, assayed for CTma

CTmax_9d_4_23

CTmax_9d_4_23: 9day old flies developed at average temperature 23°C, with an amplitude of +/- 4°C and shifted as adults to opposite temperature regime, assayed for CTma

CTmin_9d_8_23

CTmin_9d_8_23: 9day old flies developed at average temperature 23°C, with an amplitude of +/- 8°C and shifted as adults to opposite temperature regime, assayed for CTmi

CTmin_9d_8_19

CTmin_9d_8_19: 9day old flies developed at average temperature 19°C, with an amplitude of +/- 8°C and shifted as adults to opposite temperature regime, assayed for CTmi