Comment on "A centroid molecular dynamics study of liquid para hydrogen and ortho deuterium" [J. Chem. Phys. 121, 6412 (2004)]

We show that the two phase points considered in the recent simulations of liquid para hydrogen by Hone and Voth lie in the liquid-vapor coexistence region of a purely classical molecular dynamics simulation. By contrast, their phase point for ortho deuterium was in the one-phase liquid region for both classical and quantum simulations. These observations are used to account for their report that quantum mechanical effects enhance the diffusion in liquid para hydrogen and decrease it in ortho deuterium

Cessation of deliberate self harm following eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: A case report

We present a case report of an eighteen year old female patient presenting with a psychological trauma related complaint. Part of the manifestation of the complaint included acts of self cutting over a number of years. Following two sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing with one of the authors (DM) her self cutting ceased. This is maintained at thirteen months follow up. We conclude that Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing may be an effective treatment option in reducing repeat self harm where traumatic events are noted to be the precursor to deliberate self harm

Connection between the elastic GEp/GMp and P to Delta form factors

It is suggested that the falloff in Qsq of the P to Delta magnetic form factor GM* is related to the recently observed falloff of the elastic electric form factor GEp/GMp. Calculation is carried out in the framework of a GPD mechanism

Human Papillomavirus Types 16 E6 and E7 Contribute Differently to Carcinogenesis

AbstractHigh-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are etiologically implicated in human cervical cancer. Two viral genes, E6 and E7, are commonly found expressed in these cancer cells. We have previously shown that mice transgenic for the HPV-16 E6 gene or E7 gene, in which the E6 or E7 was expressed in the basal layer of epithelia, developed skin tumors. The spectrum of tumors derived from E6 and E7 mice differed, however; although most tumors derived from the E7-transgenic mice were benign, the majority of the tumors from the E6-transgenic mice were malignant. These findings led us to hypothesize that E6 and E7 play different roles in carcinogenesis. To assess at what stages in carcinogenesis E6 and E7 act, we treated the skin of K14E6- and K14E7-transgenic mice with chemical carcinogens known to contribute to distinct stages in carcinogenesis. Both E6 and E7 were found to synergize with chemical carcinogens in causing tumor formation. E6 was found to act weakly at the promotion stage of carcinogenesis in the formation of benign tumors but strongly at the progression stage which involves the malignant conversion of benign tumors. In contrast, E7 primarily affected the promotion stage of carcinogenesis. These results provide direct evidence that E6 and E7 contribute differently to carcinogenesis; E7 promotes the formation of benign tumors, and E6 acts primarily to accelerate progression of these benign tumors to the malignant stage. Consistent with this model, we found E6 and E7 to cooperate in inducing tumor formation in mice expressing both oncogenes

Atom chips on direct bonded copper substrates

We present the use of direct bonded copper (DBC) for the straightforward fabrication of high power atom chips. Atom chips using DBC have several benefits: excellent copper/substrate adhesion, high purity, thick (> 100 microns) copper layers, high substrate thermal conductivity, high aspect ratio wires, the potential for rapid (< 8 hr) fabrication, and three dimensional atom chip structures. Two mask options for DBC atom chip fabrication are presented, as well as two methods for etching wire patterns into the copper layer. The wire aspect ratio that optimizes the magnetic field gradient as a function of power dissipation is determined to be 0.84:1 (height:width). The optimal wire thickness as a function of magnetic trapping height is also determined. A test chip, able to support 100 A of current for 2 s without failing, is used to determine the thermal impedance of the DBC. An assembly using two DBC atom chips to provide magnetic confinement is also shown.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Estimating Historical Sage-Grouse Habitat Abundance Using a State-and-Transition Model

Use of reference conditions to compare current conditions what managers believed represented healthy and functioning systems has become a common approach to evaluate vegetation and habitat conditions and aid development of land management plans. Often reference conditions attempt to describe landscapes as they existed and functioned prior to about 1850, and often largely rely on expert opinion. We developed reference conditions for sagebrush (Artemisia spp. L.) ecosystems in eastern Oregon based on ecological site descriptions, soil surveys, climate data, wildfire records, expert opinion, and literature using a state-and-transition (STM) modeling framework. Using ecological site descriptions for the Malheur High Plateau Major Land Resource Area (MHP), we divided sagebrush communities into four groups based on grass productivity in low, average and high productivity years. Literature helped us determine which disturbance factors to include, the community phases for each model, and associated seasonal habitat for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). We developed successional timelines in the absence of disturbance, and determined the probable outcomes of a given type of disturbance event. We used fire records and climate data to develop disturbance event probabilities and periodicities. Contrary to our expectations, fire did not appear to be the most important factor influencing sagebrush ecosystems under reference conditions in our models. The modeled historical abundance of sage-grouse breeding and brood-rearing habitat was within range of or greater than the amount recommended by sage-grouse biologists, but the abundance of wintering habitat was less. By using objective criteria as much as possible, our approach should also be repeatable in other locations. Since we used climate criteria to define most disturbance probabilities, our models provide an opportunity to examine how changes in climate could affect plant communities, disturbance regimes, and the quality and quantity of sage-grouse habitat in future modeling efforts

Quantifying fenbendazole and its metabolites in self-medicating wild red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus using an HPLC–MS–MS approach

On red grouse estates in the UK the nematode parasite Trichostrongylus tenuis is often controlled by application of grit medicated with the anthelmintic fenbendazole (FBZ). To date, assessment of the efficacy has been inhibited by the inability to quantify uptake of FBZ by the birds. We have developed a simple and sensitive HPLC–MS–MS method for detecting and quantifying FBZ and its metabolites from a 300 mg sample of red grouse liver. This method could be used to improve the efficacy of medicated grit treatment by allowing the identification of conditions and application methods that optimize the uptake of FBZ. With the necessary modifications, our method will also be applicable to other wildlife species where self-medication is used for parasite control

The Loveland and Peorian Loesses of Iowa

Two Pleistocene eolian deposits, the Loveland loess and the Peorian loess, have wide distribution in Iowa. The Loveland loess, the older, was deposited, wholly or in large part, in an interglacial age - in late Sangamon time; the Peorian loess, the younger, was deposited in a glacial age - in the Iowan phase of the Wisconsin Age