Pressure dependent yield criteria for polymers

Different criteria have been proposed to include the influence of pressure (or mean normal stress) on the yield behavior of polymers. It is difficult to distinguish among them using the type of experiments that produce data used in two-dimensional plots of yield loci. This is due to the fact that the maximum range of values of mean normal stress is relatively small in such experiments. Marked differences between these criteria do occur however as the hydrostatic pressure or mean stress is altered substantially. Experiments that show the effect of applied pressure on tensile and/or compressive yield strength provide one means for describing such differences. This paper considers two forms of a pressure modified von Mises criterion and shows a comparison with available experimental information.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22415/1/0000865.pd

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Homogeneity, social interaction, and consensus: Their impact on organizational commitment

The goal of this research was to demonstrate that organizational commitment is affected by homogeneity, social interaction, and consensus within organizations. A Durkheimian theoretical perspective is combined with Blau\u27s theory of social structure to explain the importance of social solidarity in maintaining commitment to the collective. The theory asserts that society is differentiated along two axes: hierarchical and horizontal. The hierarchical axis consists of characteristics by which people are ranked hierarchically, such as race, income, education, occupation, and gender. The horizontal axis consists of factors which represent differences among people which cannot be ranked (e.g., marital status, age, political views, and beliefs about poverty). Homogeneity in the communities surrounding organizations was hypothesized to foster homogeneity within organizations. Homogeneity within organizations was expected to increase social interaction among members. The theory proposed that a high level of social interaction among members would bring about a high level of consensus regarding the priorities of the organization. A high level of consensus was expected to increase organizational commitment. The hypotheses were tested using a sample of 62 congregations in Central Illinois, Chicago, Northern Indiana, and Indianapolis. Data for communities was drawn from the 1980 United States Census. As expected, congregations with a high level of social interaction among members had a high degree of organizational commitment. Hierarchically homogeneous congregations had greater social interaction among their members. Hierarchically homogeneous communities tended to have hierarchically homogeneous congregations. Priority consensus was not as important as expected. Overall, this study suggests that social interaction among organization members is an extremely important factor in maintaining commitment. It also suggests that hierarchical homogeneity fosters greater social interaction and commitment within organizations

The excommunication published by the L. archbishop of Dublin Thomas Flemming aliáas Barnwell [electronic resource] : friar of the Order of S. Francis, against the inhabitants of the diocesse of Dublin, for hearing the masses of Peter Caddell D. of Divinity, and Paul Harris priests, is proved not onely injust, but of no validity, and consequently binding to no obedience. In which treatise is also discovered that impious plot and policy of the aforesaid archbishop and his friars in supplanting the pastors and priests of the clergy, thereby to bring all into the hands of the friars, of whose disorders and foule abuses (especially in this kingdome) something is noted. The second edition, enlarged. By me Paul Harris priest.

Place and name of publisher from STC.Includes Fleming's excommunication and petitions by Caddell and Harris to Fleming.The first leaf is blank, except for ornamental box on recto.Reproduction of the original in the Cambridge University Library.STC (2nd ed.)Electronic reproduction