New Structural Variants of Aeruginosin Produced by the Toxic Bloom Forming Cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena

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Tavoite tuottaa elämyksellistä palvelua myymälässä

Tämä opinnäytetyö on tehty pohjautuen työn tekijän omiin mielenkiinnonkohteisiin, joita ovat palvelu ja sen eri tasot. Case yrityksenä toimii Alko Oy, jossa kirjoittaja itse työskentelee. Alko Oy sopii strategisilta tavoitteiltaan tutkimuksen kohteeksi. Alkon strategiana on pyrkiä olemaan vastuullisuudellaan ja asiakaspalvelullaan Suomen paras vähittäiskauppa. Työn tavoitteena on tutkia millaisen palvelun asiakkaat kokevat hyväksi palveluksi. Työ pyrkii myös selvittämään myymäläsuunnittelun vaikutuksia koettuun palvelun tasoon. Teorian tavoitteena on tutkia miten asiakkaalle voidaan tarjota elämyksellistä palvelua. Tavoitteen työvälineeksi on otettu palvelumuotoilu. Palvelumuotoiluprosessista tarkempaan tarkasteluun on otettu asiakasymmärrys, jonka avulla pyritään saamaan mahdollisimman tarkkaa kuvaa todellisten käyttäjien tarpeista. Asiakkaiden erilaisia palvelukäsityksiä on pohdittu arvon muodostuksen kautta. Hyvän palvelun toteuttamiskeinoja on lähdetty pohtimaan elämystalouden avulla. Tutkimus on toteutettu kahdessa eri Alkon myymälässä. Toisessa myymälässä havainnoitiin asiakaspalvelutilanteita osallistumalla Alkon tarjoamaan henkilöstökoulutukseen. Toisessa tutkimuksessa keskityttiin asiakkaiden havainnointiin myymäläympäristössä. Näin saatiin tietoa palveluympäristön vaikutuksesta elämyksen syntyyn. Molempien tutkimusten tuloksia avattiin ryhmäkeskustelulla. Tutkimus osoitti, että Alkon tarjoama palvelu on hyvällä tasolla. Mutta mikäli yritys haluaa erottua kilpailijoistaan, sen tulee kiinnittää enemmän huomiota pieniin yksityiskohtiin joilla normaali palvelu muutetaan elämykseksi.This study was based on the author's own interests, which are service and its various levels. The case company is Alko Oy, in which the author herself is working. Alko’s strategic objectives are suitable to research on. Alko's strategy is to be the best retailer in Finland in responsibility and customer service. The aim is to explore what kinds of service customers experience as good service. The work also aims to clarify the impact of store design on perceived service levels. The aim of the theory is to investigate how we can provide experiences for the customers through service. The tool has been Service Design. Customer understanding has been taken to closer examination in the service design process, which is used to gain the most accurate picture of the real needs of the users. Customers' different perceptions of the service have been considered via value formation. The realization of good service is analyzed with experience economy. The research was conducted in two different Alko stores. In one observation store customer service situations were monitored by participating in Alko's staff training. The other study focused on the observation of customers in retail environment. This provided information on the service environment, the effect on the creation of the experience. The results of both researches were opened in a group discussion. The investigation showed that Alko’s service is on a good level. But if the company wants to stand out from its competitors, it should pay more attention to the small details to change the normal service to an experience

Phylogenetic analyses of the condensation and epimerase domains from the <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> CCY9414 aeruginosin gene cluster.

<p>The condensation domain of AerB clusters with the starter condensation domains of nostopeptolide (NosA) and cyanopeptolin (McnA) which load short chain fatty acids and forms a well-supported group. The phylogenetic tree includes all condensation subtypes, including condensation (^LC_L, ^DC_L), condensation and heterocyclization catalyzed by heterocyclization domains, epimerization followed by condensation catalyzed by a Dual E/C domain, and loading condesation domains which are found on initiation modules <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0073618#pone.0073618-Rausch1" target="_blank">[29]</a>. The phylogeny was reconstructed using phyml, employing the JTT model of amino acid substitution and a gamma-distributed rate variation with four categories. The support values are based on 100-fold bootstrapping.</p

The identity of the C-terminal fatty acid determined using GC-MS.

<p>Chromatographic behavior of the hexanoic acid standard and the hydrolysed aeruginosin NOL3. Commercial hexanoic acid and hydrolysis product from NOL3 had identical retention times, 4.089 and 4.090 min, respectively, and identical mass spectra which unambiguously prove the first moiety of the NOL3 aeruginosin. (A) hydrolysed aeruginosin NOL3 (B) hexanoic acid standard.</p

Proposed functions of genes in the suspected aeruginosin gene cluster.

<p>The assignment of proposed functions to gene products is based upon BLASTp searches.</p

Representatives of the aeruginosin and spumigin families.

<p>These tetrapeptides are produced by strains of <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> isolated from brackish water bodies in Australia and the Baltic Sea. (A) aeruginosin NAL2, (B) an aeruginosin NOL6 containing <i>O</i>-linked pentose, (C) spumigin E.</p

The production of aeruginosins, spumigins, nodularin, nodulapeptin and suomilide by <i>N. spumigena, N. sphaerocarpa, and N. harveyana</i>.

<p>A maximum-likelihood tree based on the 16S rRNA gene with bootstrap values based on 1000 bootstrap replicates. The taxonomy of the strains follows Lyra et al. 2005 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0073618#pone.0073618-Lyra1" target="_blank">[30]</a> and Lehtimäki et al. 2000 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0073618#pone.0073618-Lehtimki1" target="_blank">[31]</a>. See also Table S3 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0073618#pone.0073618.s001" target="_blank">File S1</a>.</p

Chemical variation of aeruginosins detected from <i>Nodularia spumigena</i>.

<p>Structure, ion mass, retention time and abundance of aeruginosin identified from <i>N. spumigena</i> AV1, CCY9414 and CH307.</p>a<p>Unit mass from ion trap, accurate mass from Q-TOF. Ac = acetic acid, Bu = butyric acid,</p><p>Hex = hexanoic acid, Oct = octanoic acid, Dec = decanoic acid, P = pentose.</p

Location of the spumigin and aeruginosin gene clusters on the circular genome of <i>N. spumigena</i> CCY9414.

<p>The <i>N. spumigena</i> CCY9414 genome encodes 5 non-ribosomal peptide gene clusters. The spumigin (<i>spu</i>) and aeruginosin (<i>aer</i>) gene clusters are encoded 133 kb apart. The spumigin and nodulapeptin (<i>anp</i>) gene clusters are encoded 11 kb apart. The nodularin (<i>nda</i>) gene cluster and a cryptic NRPS gene cluster (unk) are encoded at separate locations on the chromosome.</p