A compilation of observations from moored current meters and thermographs. Vol. 5. Oregon continental shelf 31 July-21 September 1969

Observations from an instrument array moored over the continental shelf off Oregon from 31 July to 21 September 1969 are presented. Temperature, current and wind observations were obtained every 20 minutes. First order statistics, histograms, progressive vector diagrams and time series plots are presented. Supplementary wind observations at Newport are also described. It is recommended that wind observations be part of a future coastal current observational program and that thermographs be placed in positions with a large temperature gradient

A compilation of observation[s] from moored current meters, thermographs, and wind instrument. Vol. 4. Peru continental shelf March-April 1969

A summary of moored instrument measurements over the continental shelf of Peru is presented. Measurements of variables were made in an upwelling zone between Pisco and San Juan, from 28 March to 9 April, 1969. Time series of temperature and horizontal current and wind velocities were obtained at several depths and locations by an array of moored, recording instruments. Supplementary hydrographic and drogue measurements were also made

Developing Student Engagement in China Through Collaborative Action Research

As its market and society open up, China has transformed itself from a closed agrarian socialist economy to an urban state and an economic force. This has released accumulated tourism demand, led to the development of a diversified industry, and the spread of university and vocational courses in this field. However, the industry faces challenges to recruit and retain staff, with tourism education in higher education blamed for the shortfall in numbers and quality of candidates with suitable purpose, knowledge, and passion to serve. This chapter provides a background to the development of and problems facing tourism education in China, and suggests how to support student engagement and hence the future workforce

Hydrology of Small Oceanic Islands — Influence of Atmospheric Pressure on the Water Table

There is a spectrum of sea‐level fluctuations that affect the water table of a small, permeable oceanic island. At the high‐frequency end of the spectrum are the semi‐diurnal and diurnal components of the astronomical tides. Also affecting sea‐level elevation are atmospheric pressure and the temperature and salinity (hence density) of the ocean column. Changes in atmospheric pressure cause sea‐level changes on the order of up to about 30 cm, by what oceanographers call the “inverted barometer effect.” As a result, pressure changes, like tides, generate waves that migrate across the water table. Amplitudes of the resultant pressure‐related water‐table fluctuations diminish inland. However, owing to the relatively long period of the pressure‐related fluctuations, their inland attenuation is far less than that of the hydraulically analogous tides. In fact, in Bermuda for example, the pressure‐related water‐table fluctuations completely dominate water‐table statistics that reflect day‐to‐day changes in elevation. Because a drop in pressure and corresponding rise in the water table accompanies passage of a storm front, which also brings a rainfall, there is commonly a coincidental, and very misleading, correlation between rainfalls and water‐table rises. In island and coastal settings, non‐tidal sea‐level changes and their effect on the water table must be taken into account, if recharge is to be correctly evaluated from water‐table data