Charge Transfer vs Mass Transfer Mechanism in Electrodeposition of Copper thin films: A Structural Exploration

Nucleation and growth mechanism can be classified into mass or diffusion controlled and charge or interfacial controlled. In mass control, the growth is limited by the rate at which the material is transported through the solution to the electrode surface, while in charge control the growth rate is limited by the rapidity with which the ions are incorporated into the new phase. In this project, Cu thin films have been synthesized on graphite substrate using electrodeposition technique which occurs by a process of nucleation and growth. The deposition of Copper thin films on the rough face of the graphite substrate is performed with two different solutions – a mass controlled one (with Na2SO4), and a charge controlled one (without Na2SO4). The analysis of the corresponding potentiostatic j/t transients suggests a deposition according to 3D instantaneous nucleation. Further, a structural exploration was done into the deposition structure using AFM and SEM technique differentiating the deposition quality via grain based properties

Deciphering the genetic identity and fidelity of banana through inter simple sequence repeats fingerprinting

Bananas and plantains are a major staple food and export product in many countries. The success and pace of progress of crop-improvement program depend to a large extent on the availability of diverse germplasm and information on their characteristics. Somaclonal variation in the tissue culture is a common phenomenon which makes it mandatory to monitor for genetic stability of plants. Present study aimed to assess the genetic identity of 16 different banana varieties and true-to-type conformity of micro-propagated banana. In the present investigation, genetic relationships of 16 bananas, including some exotic varieties, were assessed based on inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Out of 26 ISSR primers screened, 18 ISSR primers were produced totally 2168 clear, reproducible and scorable band classes resulting in a total of 1608 polymorphic bands. The number of scorable bands for ISSR primers varied from 1 [(AC)8 YT] to 13 [(GA)8 YC and (AG)8 YT], with an average of 7bands per primer. Cluster analysis classified varieties into clusters, showing similarities for evaluated banana. Further, micro-propagated banana plantlets of Musa acuminata cv. Bantala and cv. Grand Naine that were developed from suckers were screened for genetic variation, if any, using ISSR markers. Similarly, the mother maintained in the field was also subjected for genetic analysis, where the banding patterns for each primer was highly uniform and monomorphic to the field grown mother clone from which the culture had been established. The preset study demonstrated the utility of ISSR markers in assessing both genetic variability among 16 different banana varieties and genetic uniformity of micro-propagated banana. Further, our study confirmed the true-totype  nature of micro-propagated clones

Genetic diversity and latency status of betanodavirus in wild seeds of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch) sampled along Indian coasts

288-293Piscine nodavirus is the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in marine and freshwater fish worldwide. The present investigation was carried out to know the persistence and diversity of betanodavirus in wild healthy seabass seeds around east and west coasts of India from three major landing sites. The seeds obtained from two coasts were detected positive by nested PCR using RNA2 coat protein gene-specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed all the three Indian coast sample sequences as close to Indian strain of betanodavirus reported earlier and those belong to red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). These results indicate a strong latency or persistency of betanodavirus among wild healthy seeds of Asian seabass available along Indian coasts that remain as a source of viral inoculum for spreading disease in farm reared fish

Carp edema virus in ornamental fish farming in India: A potential threat to koi carps but not to co-cultured Indian major carp or goldfish

254-262Koi sleepy disease caused by carp edema virus (CEV) of pox virus is a potential carp killer and poses a constant threat to co-cultured fish. Only limited studies are available on its occurrence from the eastern part of India. Here, we report a large-scale mortality of koi carps (Cyprinuscarpio koi)in ornamental fish farm of Choudwar, Cuttack, Odisha. The fish showed clinical signs of ulcers on body, patchy haemorrhages, massive necrosis of gills, and observed sleeping at the bottom of tanks before death. However, the goldfish maintained in the same tanks did not show any clinical signs or mortality. We noticed Trichodina infestation in the gills of affected animals and secondary bacterium Aeromonashydrophila in kidney tissue. The gills, liver and kidneys of koi carp were found positive for carp edema virus (CEV) (Poxviridae) in PCR followed by sequencing and blast search, and phylogenetic analysis. The damages to the gills and kidney along with the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in gill epithelial cells upon histopathology suggested viral association. Experimental challenge with CEV failed to reproduce the disease in Indian major carp and goldfish, the commonly co-cultured fish species with koi carp, though, the disease was reproduced in koi carp. To our best knowledge, it is the first report of CEV infection from the farm of the eastern part of the country. Another mortality incidence in ornamental shop retailer in the same locality also revealed the presence of CEV in koi carp and pointed possibly towards its wide spread. Observations from this study suggest the need for CEV disease surveillance in the country

Carp edema virus in ornamental fish farming in India: A potential threat to koi carps but not to co-cultured Indian major carp or goldfish

254-262Koi sleepy disease caused by carp edema virus (CEV) of pox virus is a potential carp killer and poses a constant threat to co-cultured fish. Only limited studies are available on its occurrence from the eastern part of India. Here, we report a large-scale mortality of koi carps (Cyprinuscarpio koi)in ornamental fish farm of Choudwar, Cuttack, Odisha. The fish showed clinical signs of ulcers on body, patchy haemorrhages, massive necrosis of gills, and observed sleeping at the bottom of tanks before death. However, the goldfish maintained in the same tanks did not show any clinical signs or mortality. We noticed Trichodina infestation in the gills of affected animals and secondary bacterium Aeromonashydrophila in kidney tissue. The gills, liver and kidneys of koi carp were found positive for carp edema virus (CEV) (Poxviridae) in PCR followed by sequencing and blast search, and phylogenetic analysis. The damages to the gills and kidney along with the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in gill epithelial cells upon histopathology suggested viral association. Experimental challenge with CEV failed to reproduce the disease in Indian major carp and goldfish, the commonly co-cultured fish species with koi carp, though, the disease was reproduced in koi carp. To our best knowledge, it is the first report of CEV infection from the farm of the eastern part of the country. Another mortality incidence in ornamental shop retailer in the same locality also revealed the presence of CEV in koi carp and pointed possibly towards its wide spread. Observations from this study suggest the need for CEV disease surveillance in the country