The wellbeing of adolescents and the role of greenness: A cross-sectional study among Italian students

IntroductionAdolescence is a critical period of life, and the level of wellbeing acquired during this stage might have an influence on health status in adulthood. The wellbeing of adolescents is associated with both biological and environmental determinants. To date, few studies have evaluated the effect of exposure to urban green spaces (i.e., greenness) on adolescents' wellbeing. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the association between exposure to greenness and the wellbeing of adolescents, accounting for the level of urbanization surrounding schools.MethodsIn the frame of the 2018 Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC), we analyzed cross-sectional data from the Piedmont Region. Exposure to greenness was quantified by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Schools were geocoded, and a fixed buffer (radius 1,500 m) centered on each school was then built to enable average NDVI calculations. Adolescents' wellbeing was assessed by self-reported psychological, somatic, and psychosomatic health complaints as follows. Respondents were asked how often, in the last 6 months, they had experienced: (a) headache, (b) stomachache, (c) backache, (d) dizziness, (e) feeling low, (f) irritability or bad temper, (g) feeling nervous, and (h) difficulties getting to sleep using the HBSC Symptom Checklist (HBSC-SCL), an eight-item tool. Multivariable, multilevel logistic regression models tested the association between exposure to NDVI and psychosomatic, somatic, and psychological health complaints, one at a time, using schools as a random intercept.ResultsIn total, 2065 subjects (47.6% girls) aged 11 (48.4%) and 13 (51.6%) years were involved. Greenness was found to be inversely associated with reported psychosomatic (OR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53–0.98) and psychological health complaints (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49–0.92) in boys only, adjusting for age, urbanization level, and socioeconomic status, and stratifying by gender.DiscussionOur results support the implementation of future policies for urban environmental design supporting the increase of green spaces, as suggested by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings

GEN-O-MA project: an Italian network studying clinical course and pathogenic pathways of moyamoya disease—study protocol and preliminary results

Background: GENetics of mOyaMoyA (GEN-O-MA) project is a multicenter observational study implemented in Italy aimed at creating a network of centers involved in moyamoya angiopathy (MA) care and research and at collecting a large series and bio-repository of MA patients, finally aimed at describing the disease phenotype and clinical course as well as at identifying biological or cellular markers for disease progression. The present paper resumes the most important study methodological issues and preliminary results. Methods: Nineteen centers are participating to the study. Patients with both bilateral and unilateral radiologically defined MA are included in the study. For each patient, detailed demographic and clinical as well as neuroimaging data are being collected. When available, biological samples (blood, DNA, CSF, middle cerebral artery samples) are being also collected for biological and cellular studies. Results: Ninety-eight patients (age of onset mean ± SD 35.5 ± 19.6 years; 68.4% females) have been collected so far. 65.3% of patients presented ischemic (50%) and haemorrhagic (15.3%) stroke. A higher female predominance concomitantly with a similar age of onset and clinical features to what was reported in previous studies on Western patients has been confirmed. Conclusion: An accurate and detailed clinical and neuroimaging classification represents the best strategy to provide the characterization of the disease phenotype and clinical course. The collection of a large number of biological samples will permit the identification of biological markers and genetic factors associated with the disease susceptibility in Italy

Small vessel disease and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction after ischaemic stroke

Abstract Introduction: Although pathogenesis of small vessel disease is poorly understood, increasing evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction may have a relevant role in development and progression of small vessel disease. In this crosssectional study, we investigated the associations between imaging signs of small vessel disease and blood biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction at two different time points in a population of ischaemic stroke patients. Patients and methods: In stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, we analysed blood levels of von Willebrand factor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Three reviewers independently assessed small vessel disease features using computed tomography. At baseline and 90 days after the index stroke, we tested the associations between single and combined small vessel disease features and levels of blood biomarkers using linear regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoke. Results: A total of 263 patients were available for the analysis. Mean age (SD) was 69 (13) years, 154 (59%) patients were male.We did not find any relation between small vessel disease and endothelial dysfunction at baseline. At 90 days, leukoaraiosis was independently associated with intercellular adhesionmolecule-1 (b¼0.21; p¼0.016) and vascular cell adhesionmolecule- 1 (b¼0.22; p¼0.009), and lacunes were associated with vascular endothelial growth factor levels (b¼0.21; p¼0.009) whereas global small vessel disease burden was associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (b¼0.26; p¼0.006). Discussion: Leukoaraiosis and lacunes were associated with endothelial dysfunction, which could play a key role in pathogenesis of small vessel disease

Unbalanced metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases ratios predict hemorrhagic transformation of lesion in ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombolysis: Results from the MAGIC study

Background Experimentally, metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a detrimental role related to severity of ischemic brain lesions. Both MMPs activity and function in tissues reflect the balance between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We aimed to evaluate the role of MMPs/TIMPs balance in the setting of rtPA treated stroke patients Methods Blood was taken before and 24-hours after rtPA from 327 patients (mean age 68 years, median NIHSS 11) with acute ischemic stroke. Delta median values of each MMP/TIMP ratio [(post rtPA MMP/TIMP-baseline MMP/TIMP)/(baseline MMP/TIMP)] were analyzed related to symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) according to NINDS criteria, relevant hemorrhagic transformation (HT) defined as hemorrhagic infarction type 2 or any parenchimal hemorrhage, stroke subtypes (according to Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project) and 3-month death. The net effect of each MMP/TIMP ratio was estimated by a logistic regression model including major clinical determinants of outcomes Results Adjusting for major clinical determinants, only increase in MMP9/TIMP1 and MMP9/TIMP2 ratios remained significantly associated with sICH (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.67 [1.17 – 2.38], p = 0.005; 1.74 [1.21 – 2.49], p=0.003 respectively). Only relative increase in MMP9/TIMP1 ratio proved significantly associated with relevant HT (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.74 [1.17 – 2.57], p=0.006) with a trend towards significance for MMP9/TIMP2 ratio (p=0.007).Discussion Our data add substantial clinical evidence about the role of MMPs/TIMPs balance in rtPA treated stroke patients. These results may serve to generate hypotheses on MMPs inhibitors to be administered together with rtPA in order to counteract its deleterious effect

P-195 Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in health care workers, Milan, Italy

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Bollettino Sismico Italiano: Analisys of Early Aftershocks of the 2016 MW 6.0 Amatrice, MW 5.9 Visso and MW 6.5 Norcia earthquakes in Central Italy

The Amatrice-Visso-Norcia seismic sequence is the most important of the last 30 years in Italy. The seismic sequence started on 24 August, 2016 and still is ongoing in central Apennines. At the end of February 2017 more than 57,000 events were located, 80,000 events up to the end of September 2017 (Fig. 1). The mainshocks of the sequence occurred on 24 August 2016 (Mw 6.0 and Mw 5.4), 26 October 2016 (Mw 5.4 and Mw 5.9), 30 October 2016 (Mw 6.5), 18 January 2017 (four earthquakes Mw≥ 5.0). In this seismic sequence, all the waveforms recorded by temporary stations deployed by the SISMIKO emergency group (stations T12**; Moretti et al., 2016) where available in real- time at the surveillance room of INGV. Because of the high level of seismicity and the dense seismic network installed in the region, more than 150 events per day were located at the end of February 2017; still 60 events per day were located up to the end of August 2017.The Amatrice-Visso-Norcia is the most important seismic sequence since 2015, the time when the analysis procedures of the BSI group (Bollettino Sismico Italiano) were revised (Nardi et al., 2015). BSI is now available every four months on the web: bulletins contain revised earthquakes (location and magnitude) with ML≥ 1.5, quasi-real time revision of ML≥ 3.5 earthquakes and phase arrivals from waveforms recorded on seismic stations available from the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA), (Mazza et al., 2012). These last procedures allow the integration of signals from temporary seismic stations (Moretti et al., 2014) installed by the emergency group SISMIKO (Moretti and Sismiko working group, 2016), even when they are not in real time transmission, if they are rapidly archived in EIDA, together with real time signals from the seismic stations of the permanent INGV network. The analysis strategy of the BSI group for the Amatrice -Visso - Norcia seismic sequence (AVN.s.s in the following) was to select the earthquakes located in the box with min/max latitude: 42.2/43.2 - and min/max longitude: 12.4/14.1 to prepare a special volume of BSI on the seismic sequence.PublishedTrieste, Italy1SR. TERREMOTI - Servizi e ricerca per la Societ

Rapporto Sulle Attività Svolte Dal Gruppo Bollettino Sismico Italiano A Seguito Della Sequenza Sismica Del Centro Italia 2016-2017 Nel Periodo Tra Il 23-9-2016 Ed Il 16-01-2017

La sequenza sismica del centro Italia, successivamente al terremoto di Amatrice di fine agosto, è stata caratterizzata da altri forti terremoti alla fine del mese di ottobre 2016. Il 26 ottobre due eventi di Mw 5.4 e 5.9 hanno interessato l’area posta al confine Marche-Umbria tra i Comuni di Castelsantangelo sul Nera (MC), Norcia (PG) e Arquata del Tronto (AP). La mattina del 30 ottobre un terremoto di Mw 6.5 con epicentro non lontano da Norcia ha interessato l’intera area già profondamente colpita dalla sequenza; questo è stato il più forte terremoto registrato negli ultimi 30 in Italia. A 5 mesi dall’inizio dell’emergenza sismica, il Bollettino Sismico Italiano ha portato a termine la revisione di tutti gli eventi con ML≥ 3.5: parte di questi (insieme alla revisione delle ore che hanno seguito il primo mainshock) sono stati oggetto del primo report (3 ottobre 2016) e del lavoro Marchetti et al. (2016), un’altra parte degli eventi “forti” è stata pubblicata il 17 novembre in ISIDe e nella pagina CNT.ingv.it (insieme anche alla revisione delle prime ore del 30 ottobre, fino alle 7:30 UTC) con relativo comunicato fatto dal funzionario INGV. I restanti eventi già rivisti dagli analisti del BSI sono elencati in questo report e saranno pubbicati a fine gennaio. Gli eventi rivisti integrano all’interno del BSI tutte le stazioni i cui dati sono archiviati nello European Integrated Data Archive, cioè oltre alle stazioni delle varie reti permanenti che costituiscono la Rete Sismica Nazionale Italiana vengono integrate le stazioni delle reti permanenti presenti nelle Marche e le stazioni temporanee installate dal gruppo di emergenza SISMIKO, le cui registrazioni vengono archiviate in EIDA, in tempi brevi, insieme alle stazioni trasmesse in real-time. Durante la sequenza molti degli analisti del BSI sono stati impegnati a coprire la turnazione prevista per lo svolgimento del servizio di sorveglianza nella sala sismica dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) di Roma e in DICOMAC; questa esigenza non ha consentito di procedere rapidamente nella revisione dell’intera sequenza ma grazie al supporto di personale INGV generalmente non impiegato nel BSI si sta organizzando la revisione della stessa che sarà realizzata nel corso del 2017. A partire dal 23 settembre 2016 (facendo quindi riferimento all’ultimo report del BSI) fini al 16 gennaio 2017 sono stati analizzati e ricontrollati 221 eventi in generale di magnitudo ML≥ 3.5 (con qualche eccezione...INGV DPCPublished1SR. TERREMOTI - Servizi e ricerca per la Societ

Rapporto Sulle Attività Svolte Dal Gruppo Bollettino Sismico Italiano A Seguito Della Sequenza Sismica Del Centro Italia 20162017 Relativo Agli Eventi Nel Periodo Tra Il 17/01/2017 E Il 26/02/2017

La sequenza sismica del centro Italia ha avuto una importante ripresa il 18 gennaio 2017 quando quattro eventi di Mw≥5.0 hanno interessato l’area posta al confine tra Lazio e Abruzzo vicino ai Comuni di Barete, Capitignano e Montereale (AQ). A 8 mesi dall’inizio dell’emergenza sismica, il Bollettino Sismico Italiano ha portato a termine la revisione di tutti gli eventi con ML≥ 3.5: parte di questi (insieme alla revisione delle ore che hanno seguito il primo mainshock) sono stati oggetto del primo report (3 ottobre 2016) e del lavoro Marchetti et al. (2016), un’altra parte degli eventi “forti” già rivisti dagli analisti del BSI sono stati oggetto del report del 31 gennaio. Gli eventi rivisti ad oggi integrano all’interno del BSI tutte le stazioni i cui dati sono archiviati nello European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA), cioè oltre alle stazioni delle varie reti permanenti che costituiscono la Rete Sismica Nazionale Italiana vengono integrate le stazioni delle reti permanenti presenti nelle Marche e le stazioni temporanee installate dal gruppo di emergenza SISMIKO, le cui registrazioni vengono archiviate in EIDA, in tempi brevi, insieme alle stazioni trasmesse in real-time. A partire dal 31 gennaio 2017 (facendo quindi riferimento all’ultimo report del BSI) sono stati revisionati tutti gli eventi forti avvenuti dal 17 gennaio al 26 febbraio 2017; sono stati analizzati e rilocalizzati 37 eventi in generale di magnitudo ML≥ 3.5. Inoltre, sono state modificate alcune delle procedure che selezionano la magnitudo mostrata nella lista dei terremoti pubblicata nel sito web del CNT (cnt.rm.ingv.it) e utilizzata nei conteggi relativi alle diverse classi di magnitudo nelle relazioni di sequenza che vengono inviate giornalmente. Questa revisione, che fa si che la magnitudo mostrata sia sempre quella rivista dal BSI, comporta una lieve variazione nel numero di eventi attribuiti alle diverse classi.INGV- DPCPublished1SR. TERREMOTI - Servizi e ricerca per la Societ

Analisi Del Bollettino Sismico Italiano A Seguito Del Terremoto Di Amatrice Mw 6.0 (24 Agosto 2016, Italia Centrale)

La sequenza sismica che ha seguito il terremoto di magnitudo momento MW= 6.0 di Amatrice del 24 agosto 2016 è la prima sequenza rilevante che avviene da quando, all’inizio del 2015, le modalità di analisi del Bollettino Sismico Italiano (BSI) sono state aggiornate (Nardi et al., 2015). Queste modalità prevedono la pubblicazione del BSI ogni quattro mesi, la revisione solo degli eventi con ML≥ 1.5, la revisione rapida degli eventi con ML≥ 3.5 e l’integrazione all’interno del BSI di tutte le stazioni i cui dati sono archiviati nello European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA). Quest’ultima procedura permette di integrare nel BSI anche le stazioni temporanee (Moretti et al., 2014) installate dal gruppo di emergenza SISMIKO (Sismiko working group, 2016), le cui registrazioni vengono archiviate, in tempi brevi, in EIDA (Mazza et al., 2012) insieme alle stazioni trasmesse in real-time. I quadrimestri del BSI 2015 e il primo del 2016 sono attualmente disponibili (http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/bsi) in formato QuakeML; tale formato contiene le localizzazioni con la stima degli errori, le magnitudo (MW, ML, Md), le letture delle fasi P ed S e i Time Domain Moment Tensor (TDMT). Sono stati inoltre sviluppati alcuni webservices (http://webservices.rm.ingv.it/ws_fdsn.php) per facilitare la lettura dei QuakeML e per rendere il bollettino fruibile alla comunità scientifica. Il terremoto di MW 6.0, avvenuto nella notte del 24 agosto 2016, alle ore 01:36 UTC, nell’area al confine tra l’Umbria, il Lazio, l’Abruzzo e le Marche, ha dato inizio a una sequenza sismica che al 23 settembre 2016 contava circa 11000 eventi.PublishedLecce, Italy4IT. Banche dat