Generalized Number Systems and Application to Hyperoctahedral Groups

In this work, we generalize the integer enumeration basis. We also construct bijections between the elements of special sets and the elements of some groups, and treat the special case of the hyperoctohedral groups. Then, we find a code analogous to the Lehmer code for the hyperoctahedral groups

Development of supplementary material using Wordwall for 12th-grade students in learning relative clauses

The study aimed to develop supplementary material using Wordwall-based learning media for learning relative clauses and examined the experiences of 12th-grade students in using Wordwall. The study employed Design and Development (DnD) research method which conducted design, development, and evaluation steps. This study used the topic of the relative clause as a result of pre-observation in tackling an existing problem in learning relative clauses. This research used two instruments: a blueprint of supplementary material and a User Evaluation Questionnaire (UEQ). The UEQ examined 5 dimensions of users’ experiences in using a digital product: attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, stimulation, and novelty. The data were collected by analyzing the syllabus, preparing the Wordwall platform, distributing the questionnaire, and analyzing the questionnaire’s results. The questionnaire was filled with 32 students and 1 teacher who are taking English Language and Literature (Concentration) subjects. The data collected was analyzed and explained qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the user experiences were attractiveness gained excellent (2.1), perspicuity gained above average (1.68), the efficiency gained excellent (1.88), dependability gained excellent (2.25), stimulation gained good quality (1.55), and novelty gained excellent quality (2.13). These results indicate that the developed supplementary material brings students attractive, fun, motivating, efficient, and fresh experiences in using Wordwall for learning relative clauses. Therefore, the developed Wordwall-based supplementary material for learning relative clauses material is very good to be implemented for the learning and teaching process for 12th-grade students

Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project

First identified in 1947, Zika virus took roughly 70 years to cause a pandemic unusually associated with virus-induced brain damage in newborns. Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus, both colonizing a large strip encompassing tropical and temperate regions. As part of the international project ZIKAlliance initiated in 2016, 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 countries were experimentally infected with different Zika viruses. Here, we show that Ae. aegypti is mainly responsible for Zika virus transmission having the highest susceptibility to viral infections. Other species play a secondary role in transmission while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible. Zika strain is expected to significantly modulate transmission efficiency with African strains being more likely to cause an outbreak. As the distribution of Ae. aegypti will doubtless expand with climate change and without new marketed vaccines, all the ingredients are in place to relive a new pandemic of Zika.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project

First identified in 1947, Zika virus took roughly 70 years to cause a pandemic unusually associated with virus-induced brain damage in newborns. Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus, both colonizing a large strip encompassing tropical and temperate regions. As part of the international project ZIKAlliance initiated in 2016, 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 countries were experimentally infected with different Zika viruses. Here, we show that Ae. aegypti is mainly responsible for Zika virus transmission having the highest susceptibility to viral infections. Other species play a secondary role in transmission while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible. Zika strain is expected to significantly modulate transmission efficiency with African strains being more likely to cause an outbreak. As the distribution of Ae. aegypti will doubtless expand with climate change and without new marketed vaccines, all the ingredients are in place to relive a new pandemic of Zika

Long‐term care facilities' response to the COVID ‐19 pandemic: An international, cross‐sectional survey

Aims To (i) assess the adherence of long‐term care (LTC) facilities to the COVID‐19 prevention and control recommendations, (ii) identify predictors of this adherence and (iii) examine the association between the adherence level and the impact of the pandemic on selected unfavourable conditions. Design Cross‐sectional survey. Methods Managers (n = 212) and staff (n = 2143) of LTC facilities (n = 223) in 13 countries/regions (Brazil, Egypt, England, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand and Turkey) evaluated the adherence of LTC facilities to COVID‐19 prevention and control recommendations and the impact of the pandemic on unfavourable conditions related to staff, residents and residents' families. The characteristics of participants and LTC facilities were also gathered. Data were collected from April to October 2021. The study was reported following the STROBE guidelines. Results The adherence was significantly higher among facilities with more pre‐pandemic in‐service education on infection control and easier access to information early in the pandemic. Residents' feelings of loneliness and feeling down were the most affected conditions by the pandemic. More psychological support to residents was associated with fewer residents' aggressive behaviours, and more psychological support to staff was associated with less work–life imbalance. Conclusions Pre‐pandemic preparedness significantly shaped LTC facilities' response to the pandemic. Adequate psychological support to residents and staff might help mitigate the negative impacts of infection outbreaks. Impact This is the first study to comprehensively examine the adherence of LTC facilities to COVID‐19 prevention and control recommendations. The results demonstrated that the adherence level was significantly related to pre‐pandemic preparedness and that adequate psychological support to staff and residents was significantly associated with less negative impacts of the pandemic on LTC facilities' staff and residents. The results would help LTC facilities prepare for and respond to future infection outbreaks. Patient or public contribution No Patient or Public Contribution

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Influence of pre-shearing on the crystallisation of conventional and metallocene polyethylenes

International audienceThe influence of pre-shearing on the crystallisation of a conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysed and a metallocene catalysed linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) samples was studied by a rheo-optical method, coupling light scattering and steady shear flow. Experiments were performed on a high-temperature shearing cell, with a pair of parallel quartz plate windows. The polymers were sheared at a melt temperature Ts (ranging from 190 to 150 °C) at a constant shear rate (γ̇) for a duration time ts. After cessation of shear (at a given deformation of γ̇ts unit), the sample was maintained at the selected melt temperature for a waiting time tw (ranging from 0 to 10 min) before it was cooled down to 90 °C. Small-angle light scattering (SALS) patterns were recorded during the whole process. It was shown that the pre-shear history thus investigated has no measurable influence on crystallisation of the linear metallocene LLDPE. For the Ziegler-Natta sample, the influence of pre-shear on its crystallisation is larger when the shear rate (γ̇) and strain (γ̇ts) are large, the waiting time tw is smaller or the temperature Ts is lower. The consequence of shear is giving ellipsoidally deformed spherulites, elongated in the flow gradient direction, which originate from oriented nuclei. Crystallisation, following flow in particular, is shown to be a very good probe of chain orientation and it turns out to be more sensitive than classical linear rheological methods. It can detect if the sheared sample is in a steady state or if all chains have relaxed after a flow. For example, it is surprisingly shown that chain orientation for the Ziegler-Natta sample requires a large amount of shear deformation, in the order of 1000 strain units, to reach a steady state

Arboreal mouse lemurs discovered sleeping in a burrow on the ground

Finding sleeping sites is important for the fitness of many mammal species. Like most nonhuman primates, Madagascar's mouse lemurs (genus: Microcebus) are thought to exclusively use arboreal sleeping sites. The rufous mouse lemurs (Microcebus rufus) in Ranomafana National Park (southeastern Madagascar) have always been documented to sleep in either tree holes or leaf nests. However, in our recent field expedition, we observed, with the help of telemetry technologies, an unprecedented event of M. rufus sleeping in a burrow on the rainforest ground, curled up with a very slow heartbeat. Thus far, such behavior has not been observed in any other Microcebus species but is common in high-altitude dwarf lemurs (genus: Cheirogaleus), a closely related genus to the mouse lemurs. We believe that this discovery could illustrate an ecophysiological response strategy to habitat changes, which warrants further investigation

Paralysie faciale périphérique de l´enfant: une manifestation inhabituelle d´un corps étranger de l´oreille

Les corps étrangers de l´oreille, fréquents chez l´enfant, se compliquent rarement. Nous rapportons un cas rare de paralysie faciale de l´enfant compliquant un corps étranger toxique de graine d´Abrus precatorius. Il s´agissait d´une enfant de 4 ans qui avait introduit ce type de corps étranger dans l´oreille, ayant entrainé, 15 jours plus tard une paralysie faciale homolatérale. Des signes de nécroses locaux associés à une otite externe étaient retrouvés sans atteinte systémique. L´extraction du corps étranger était effectuée au micro crochet. Des traitements locaux et généraux ainsi qu´une corticothérapie et une kinésithérapie faciale avaient permis une bonne évolution de la paralysie faciale au bout de trois semaines. Le séjour prolongé du corps étranger dans l´oreille et l´infection locale qui en résulte favorisent la survenue des complications fonctionnelles. L´extraction précoce et les soins locaux constituent les bases de leur traitement