Subproductos agrícolas, una alternativa en la alimentación de rumiantes ante el cambio climático

The production of ruminants, mainly cattle is estimated to grow from 1500 to 2600 million, as well as the population ofgoats and sheep (1700 to 2700 million), in the years 2000 and 2050. In Ecuador the production of ruminants is limited,availability of resources for education, learning problems in dry and tropical regions, the availability of grasses to covernutritional needs, not for animal information, in order to reduce the extensive grazing areas for feeding. The silvopastoralsystems, the use of post-harvest residues of crops of plant origin, are presented as a cost-effective alternative for sustain- able livestock production, due to the large quantity and quality of the biomass for use, throughout the year, even in timesdry. The foliar mass of trees, shrubs and residues are characterized by being rich in nutrients, however, as regards thepresence of metabolites, especially tannins, which decrease voluntary consumption, the digestibility of nutrients and theProduction of the animals, effects that are associated to the concentration in the diet and the quantity consumed, as wellas the state of health of the animal. Studies indicate that in moderate proportions (20-45 g kg-1 of dry matter) improve- ments in animal performance have been shown by reducing ruminal methanogenesis and degradation of forage protein inthe rumen. The (GHG), CO2 is the one that is in the highest amounts that currently is responsible for the increase inglobal warming compared to other greenhouse gases. The objective of the research is the contribution to knowledge, theuse of agricultural by-products, as well as the implementation of alternative systems in feeding and production of ruminants.La producción de rumiantes, principalmente el ganado vacuno se estima crecerá de 1500 a 2600 millones, así como lapoblación de caprinos y ovinos (1700 a 2700 millones), en los años 2000 y 2050. En el Ecuador la producción de ru- miantes es limitada, por baja disponibilidad y mala calidad de recursos forrajeros, problema que se acrecienta en regionessecas y tropicales, por la escasa disponibilidad de gramíneas para cubrir sus necesidades nutricionales, no obstante, en laactualidad el reto es incrementar el rendimiento del ganado que incrementar la cantidad de animales, con el fin de disminuir las extensas áreas de pastoreo utilizadas para su alimentación. Los sistemas silvopastoriles, el aprovechamiento deresiduos poscosecha de cultivos agrícolas de origen vegetal, se presentan como una alternativa rentable para la produc- ción ganadera sostenible, por la gran cantidad y calidad de biomasa forrajera aprovechable, durante todo el año, inclusiveen épocas secas. La masa foliar de los árboles, arbustos y residuos poscosecha se caracterizan por ser ricos en nutrientes,no obstante, este uso se restringe, por la presencia de metabolitos secundarios, especialmente taninos, que disminuyen elconsumo voluntario, la digestibilidad de los nutrientes y la producción de los animales, efectos que se asocian a la con- centración en la dieta y la cantidad consumida, así como el estado de salud del animal. Estudios indican que en propor- ciones moderadas (20-45 g kg-1 de materia seca) han manifestado mejoras en el rendimiento productivo de los animalesal reducir la metanogénesis ruminal y la degradación de la proteína del forraje en el rumen. Los (GEI), el CO2 es el quese encuentra en cantidades más altas y que en la actualidad es el responsable del aumento al calentamiento global encomparación a los demás gases de efecto invernadero. El objetivo de la investigación es la contribución al conocimientoactualizado del uso de subproductos agrícolas, así como la implementación de sistemas alternativos en la alimentación yproducción de rumiantes

Insulin glargine affects the expression of Igf-1r, Insr, and Igf-1 genes in colon and liver of diabetic rats

Objective(s): The mitogenic effect of the analogous insulin glargine is currently under debate since several clinical studies have raised the possibility that insulin glargine treatment has a carcinogenic potential in different tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the Igf-1r, Insr, and Igf-1 gene expression in colon and liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in response to insulin glargine, neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, and metformin treatments. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were induced during one week with streptozotocin to develop Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and then randomly distributed into four groups. T2D rats included in the first group received insulin glargine, the second group received NPH insulin, the third group received metformin; finally, untreated T2D rats were included as the control group. All groups were treated for seven days; after the treatment, tissue samples of liver and colon were obtained. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to analyze the Igf-1r, Insr and Igf-1 gene expression in each tissue sample. Results: The liver tissue showed overexpression of the Insr and Igf-1r genes (P>0.001) in rats treated with insulin glargine in comparison with the control group. Similar results were observed for the Insr gene (P>0.011) in colonic tissue of rats treated with insulin glargine. Conclusion: These observations demonstrate that insulin glargine promote an excess of insulin and IGF-1 receptors in STZ-induced diabetic rats, which could overstimulate the mitogenic signaling pathways

Peripheral T-lymphocytes express WNT7A and its restoration in leukemia-derived lymphoblasts inhibits cell proliferation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>WNT7a, a member of the Wnt ligand family implicated in several developmental processes, has also been reported to be dysregulated in some types of tumors; however, its function and implication in oncogenesis is poorly understood. Moreover, the expression of this gene and the role that it plays in the biology of blood cells remains unclear. In addition to determining the expression of the <it>WNT7A </it>gene in blood cells, in leukemia-derived cell lines, and in samples of patients with leukemia, the aim of this study was to seek the effect of this gene in proliferation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells, sorted CD3 and CD19 cells, four leukemia-derived cell lines, and blood samples from 14 patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 19 clinically healthy subjects. Reverse transcription followed by quantitative Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis were performed to determine relative <it>WNT7A </it>expression. Restoration of WNT7a was done employing a lentiviral system and by using a recombinant human protein. Cell proliferation was measured by addition of WST-1 to cell cultures.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>WNT7a is mainly produced by CD3 T-lymphocytes, its expression decreases upon activation, and it is severely reduced in leukemia-derived cell lines, as well as in the blood samples of patients with ALL when compared with healthy controls (<it>p </it>≤0.001). By restoring <it>WNT7A </it>expression in leukemia-derived cells, we were able to demonstrate that WNT7a inhibits cell growth. A similar effect was observed when a recombinant human WNT7a protein was used. Interestingly, restoration of <it>WNT7A </it>expression in Jurkat cells did not activate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>To our knowledge, this is the first report evidencing quantitatively decreased <it>WNT7A </it>levels in leukemia-derived cells and that <it>WNT7A </it>restoration in T-lymphocytes inhibits cell proliferation. In addition, our results also support the possible function of <it>WNT7A </it>as a tumor suppressor gene as well as a therapeutic tool.</p

Ecos de la academia: Revista de la Facultad de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología - FECYT Nro 6

Ecos de la academia, Revista de la Facultad de Educación Ciencia y Tecnología es una publicación científica de la Universidad Técnica del Norte, con revisión por pares a doble ciego que publica artículos en idioma español, quichua, portugués e inglés. Se edita con una frecuencia semestral con dos números por año.En ella se divulgan trabajos originales e inéditos generados por los investigadores, docentes y estudiantes de la FECYT, y contribuciones de profesionales de instituciones docentes e investigativas dentro y fuera del país, con calidad, originalidad y relevancia en las áreas de ciencias sociales y tecnología aplicada.Modelos multidimensionales del bienestar en contextos de enseñanza- aprendizaje: una revisión sistemática. Nuevas tendencias para el área académica de la Publicidad en la zona 1 del Ecuador. Propuesta de un curso de escritura académica bajo la base de modelos experienciales. Aproximación al estudio de las emociones. Seguimiento a egresados y graduados para actualizar el perfil de egreso y profesional. Impacto de la Gerencia de Calidad en el clima organizacional en Educación Básica. Comunicación efectiva del gerente educativo orientada al manejo de conflictos en el personal docente. Meritocracia: Democratización o exclusión en el acceso a la educación superior en Ecuador. Asertividad y desempeño académico en estudiantes universitarios. La creatividad en la formación profesional. Aspectos metodológicos en el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje de la gimnasia en estudiantes de Educación Física. English Language Learning Interaction through Web 2.0 Technologies. La sistematización de la práctica educativa y su relación con la metodología de la investigación. El ozono y la oxigenación hiperbárica: una vía para mejorar la recuperación en lesiones deportivas. La labor tutorial: Independencia del aprendizaje en el contexto universitario. Motivación hacia la profesión docente en la Enseñanza Secundaria. El uso académico de Facebook y WhatsApp en estudiantes universitarios... La educación superior en Ecuador: situación actual y factores de mejora de la calidad. El Proyecto de Investigación “Imbabura Étnica”

Concentración e índice de integridad de ADN libre circulante en población general de Jalisco, México

Introduction. The concentration and integrity of cell free DNA (cfDNA) are diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in multiple diseases. Objective. To determine the concentration and integrity index of cfDNA in peripheral blood of individuals from Jalisco, Mexico. Method. Peripheral blood from 117 individuals was analyzed. cfDNA was quantified by Qubit 2.0 fluorometry and by ALU115 q-PCR. Integrity index was determined by the ALU247/ALU115 ratio by q-PCR. Results. The mean concentration of cf-DNA was 294 ng/ml by fluorometry and 108.08 ng/ml by q-PCR. Integrity index, by the ALU247/ALU115 ratio was 0.45. The concentration of cf-DNA showed a significant difference by age group, but not by sex. The integrity index did not show significant differences by sex or age groups. Conclusions. There are wide differences in cf-DNA between the two procedures used here, as well as compared to other populations.Introducción. La concentración e integridad del ADN libre circulante (ADN-lc) son biomarcadores de diagnóstico y pronóstico en múltiples padecimientos. Objetivo. Determinar la concentración e índice de integridad del ADN-lc en una muestra de población general de Jalisco, México. Método. Se analizaron muestras de sangre periférica de 117 personas procedentes de Jalisco. El ADNlc se cuantificó mediante fluorometría Qubit 2.0 y amplificación por q-PCR de ALU115. El índice de integridad se determinó por la relación de los amplificados ALU247/ALU115. Resultados. La concentración media de ADNlc mostró 294 ng/ml por fluorometría Qubit 2.0 y 108.08 ng/ml por q-PCR. El índice de integridad calculado por la relación ALU247/ALU115 fue 0.45. La concentración mostró diferencia significativa por edad pero no por sexo. El índice de integridad no mostró diferencias significativas por edad ni sexo. Conclusiones. Existen amplias diferencias en ADNlc entre los dos procedimientos aquí utilizados, así como comparado con otras poblaciones

46,XX ovotesticular disorder in a Mexican patient with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome: a case report

Abstract Introduction Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome is an overgrowth syndrome that is characterized by hypoglycemia at birth, coarse face, hemihypertrophy and an increased risk to develop embryonal tumors. In approximately 15% of patients, the inheritance is autosomal dominant with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance, whereas the remainder of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome cases are sporadic. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome molecular etiologies are complex and involve the two imprinting centers 1 (IC1) and 2 (IC2) of 11p15 region. This case report describes, for the first time, the unusual association of ovotesticular disorder in a patient from Morelia, Mexico with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome. Case presentation We report the case of a Mexican six-year-old girl with Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome, ambiguous genitalia, and bilateral ovotestes. She has a 46,XX karyotype without evidence of Y-chromosome sequences detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization with both SRY and wcp-Y probes. Conclusion Although a random association between these two conditions cannot be excluded, future analysis of this patient with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and 46,XX ovotesticular disorder may lead to new insights into these complex pathologies. We speculate that a possible misregulation in the imprinted genes network has a fundamental role in the coexistence of these two disorders.</p

NME1 and DCC variants are associated with susceptibility and tumor characteristics in Mexican patients with colorectal cancer

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in cancer incidence globally and is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NME1) and netrin 1 receptor (DCC) genes have been associated with resistance against tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. This study investigates the potential association between NME1 (rs34214448 G > T and rs2302254 C > T) and DCC (rs2229080 G > C and rs714 A > G) variants and susceptibility to colorectal cancer development. Methods Samples from 232 colorectal cancer patients and 232 healthy blood donors underwent analysis. Variants were identified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) methodology. Associations were assessed using odds ratios (OR), and the p values were adjusted with Bonferroni test. Results Individuals carrying the G/T and T/T genotypes for the NME1 rs34214448 variant exhibited a higher susceptibility for develop colorectal cancer (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.76–4.09, P = 0.001 and OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.37–4.47, P = 0.001, respectively). These genotypes showed significant associations in patients over 50 years (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.81–4.54, P = 0.001 and OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.54–5.79, P = 0.001 respectively) and with early Tumor-Nodule-Metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.001), and tumor location in the rectum (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the DCC rs2229080 variant revealed that carriers of the G/C genotype had an increased risk for develop colorectal cancer (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.28–3.11, P = 0.002) and were associated with age over 50 years, sex, and advanced TNM stages (P = 0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest that the NME1 rs34214448 and DCC rs2229080 variants play a significant role in colorectal cancer development

Mutations in CEP57 cause mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome.

Using exome sequencing and a variant prioritization strategy that focuses on loss-of-function variants, we identified biallelic, loss-of-function CEP57 mutations as a cause of constitutional mosaic aneuploidies. CEP57 is a centrosomal protein and is involved in nucleating and stabilizing microtubules. Our findings indicate that these and/or additional functions of CEP57 are crucial for maintaining correct chromosomal number during cell division