Diagnósticos citológicos de tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) na região de Cruz Alta/RS: estudo retrospectivo / Cytological diagnoses of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in the Cruz Alta/RS region: a retrospective study

O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT) apresenta maior prevalência em cães jovens, sem predileção por raça e sexo, ocorrendo com mais frequência em regiões onde os cães circulam livremente. Surge como uma massa irregular hiperêmica e sanguinolenta, transmitido por meio da transferência muco-cutânea de células neoplásicas através do contato durante o coito ou por hábitos de cheirar ou lamber. Essa condição pode acarretar aos animais diminuição da qualidade de vida devido a dor em regiões acometidas, secreção vaginal ou peniana contínuas, prurido intenso, mudança de comportamento visualizados por apatia, anorexia e letargia, além de se tornarem os principais reservatórios dessa neoplasia podendo transmitir a outros animais. Após o diagnóstico conclusivo que pode ser realizado através da citologia, o tratamento quimioterápico com vincristina tem se mostrado eficaz e possibilita a remissão da massa neoplásica. Objetivando analisar a prevalência do TVT e sua distribuição quanto ao sexo, idade, raça, área corporal acometida e formas de coleta das amostras para diagnóstico, avaliou-se 89 caninos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Unicruz no período de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2020. Com base nos dados obtidos concluiu-se que a maioria dos caninos diagnosticados com TVT na região de Cruz Alta, são fêmeas (69,31%), em idade reprodutiva de 1 a 8 anos (30,68%), sem raça definida (80,68%) e com maior número de lesões observadas em região genital (73,87%). A técnica de diagnóstico mais utilizada na rotina clínica foi o imprint (72,72%), seguido da citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (14,77%), swab (4,54%) e imprint associado a citologia (4,54%). Com isso destaca-se a importância desse estudo retrospectivo realizado na região de Cruz Alta e cidades vizinhas, a fim de possibilitar o estudo de dados importantes sobre a epidemiologia dessa neoplasia, formas de coleta de amostras para análise e da possibilidade de realização do diagnóstico definitivo a partir de interpretação citológica de baixo custo.

Constitucionalismo en clave descolonial

La modernidad representó el surgimiento del hombre racional, abstraído de su condición histórica, y en un prisma exclusivamente europeo, como centro del mundo y agente dominante de la naturaleza para perseguir el progreso y el desarrollo. El avance de la cientificidad de la época, que también involucraba a las ciencias sociales y jurídicas, se estableció como el avance de una ciencia de carácter racional y positivo que deseaba objetividad y neutralidad. El constitucionalismo moderno se estructuró en esta línea de razonamiento, sobre una base patriarcal de pensamiento, en una racionalidad instrumental y económica altamente excluyente. Así, se pretende, con la ayuda del método históricodialéctico y con el uso de la investigación bibliográfica, profundizar en el conocimiento sobre la visión crítica del constitucionalismo moderno, con el fin de arrojar luz acerca de la dimensión oscura de la colonialidad, ensombrecida por el pensamiento moderno hegemónico. Al final, la posibilidad de construir un constitucionalismo emancipador apunta al nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano, que trae cambios dentro de una lógica intercultural y pluralista

Individual in vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase in lymphocytes of broiler chickens

The contamination of consumer food and animal feed with toxigenic fungi has resulted in economic losses worldwide in animal industries. Mycotoxins are highly biologically reactive secondary metabolites and can inhibit protein synthesis and cell multiplication. Considering the cytotoxicity of mycotoxins, this experiment was performed to determine the in vitro influence of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes of broiler chickens at different concentrations. This study has also evaluated whether the presence of these mycotoxins changes the acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes, which is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Blood lymphocytes of broiler chickens were isolated through density gradient centrifugation and incubated with the respective mycotoxins at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL. Lipid peroxidation, which was evaluated through the amount of malondialdehyde measured in a thiobarbituric acid-reactive species test, and the enzymatic activity were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Results of the lipid peroxidation evaluation showed an increasing cytotoxicity relation: ochratoxin A > deoxynivalenol > zearalenone. Conversely, cytotoxicity was valued as zearalenone > deoxynivalenol > ochratoxin A in relation to the acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. At a concentration of 1 μg/mL, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol induced the highest cellular oxidative stress levels and the highest enzymatic activity at the majority of time points. However, the same mycotoxins, except at 1 μg/mL concentration, induced a reduction of lymphocytic lipid peroxidation 72 h after incubation, suggesting the action of a compensatory mechanism in these cells

Óleos essenciais como substituintes de antibióticos promotores de crescimento em frangos de corte: perfil de soroproteínas e peroxidação lipídica Essential oils as substitutes for antibiotic growth promoters in broilers: soroproteins profile and lipid peroxidation

Os óleos essenciais são alternativas ao uso de promotores de crescimento antibióticos na avicultura, devido à sua ação antimicrobiana, além de possuírem propriedades antioxidante e imunomoduladora. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de três doses de óleos essenciais (OLES) de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.), sálvia (Salvia officinalis L.), alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) e extrato de pimenta (Capsicum frutescens L.) em frangos de corte, pela análise do perfil eletroforético de soroproteínas e da peroxidação lipídica plasmática. Os animais (n=910) foram alocados de forma aleatória em cinco tratamentos, com sete repetições de 26 aves cada: o grupo controle (Tc), que recebeu dieta basal sem aditivos; o grupo que recebeu promotor de crescimento antibiótico na dieta (Tatb); e os grupos T50, T100 e T150, alimentados com OLES na doses de 50, 100 e 150mg kg-1, respectivamente. Aos 42 dias de idade, sete animais foram aleatoriamente selecionados (um de cada repetição) para o estudo do perfil eletroforético de soroproteínas e para a avaliação da peroxidação plasmática de lipídeos, pelo teste de formação de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Houve diminuição na concentração de globulinas totais no T150 e na fração betaglobulina nos grupos Tatb e T150 em relação ao grupo controle e ao T50 (PEssential oils are an alternative to growth promoters based on antibiotics used in animal diets, due to its antimicrobial potential, and immunomodulatory properties. Serum proteins electrophoresis and plasma lipid peroxidation were evaluated in broilers fed with diets supplemented with antibiotics or essential oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) crude extract (OLES). The animals (n=910) were distributed within five treatment groups and seven replicates containing 26 birds each one: control group (diet without additives); the group receiving an antibiotic growth promoter diet (Tatb); and the groups T50, T100 and T150 (supplemented with 50, 100 and 150mg kg-1 of OLES, respectively). After 42 days, seven animals were randomly selected for serum proteins electrophoretic fractionation and plasma lipid peroxidation evaluation by thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) test. Total globulins (T150), betaglobulin fraction (Tatb and T150) and plasma TBARS levels in the groups that received OLES (P<0.05) presented a decrease in relation to the control group. These results suggests lower stimulus to the humoral immune response at the higher dose of OLES, as occurred in the antibiotic growth promoter group. Moreover, it suggests lower lipid peroxidation and, consequently, lower oxidative damage caused by OLES use in broiler chickens

Strategic feeding supplementation: An alternative for sustainability of beef production in native pastures

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a strategic feeding supplementation protocol on reproductive and economic results of exclusively fixed timed artificial inseminated (FTAI) beef cows from a southern Brazilian herd. The experiment was carried out over 2 consecutive breeding seasons (2016 and 2017, from October to January). Two-hundred, 3 and 4 years old, non-suckled, Angus cows (n=100/year), were divided into two homogeneous groups (by weight and body condition score) 25 days before the first FTAI of the breeding season (First FTAI=Day 0).&nbsp; As a representation of traditional management of herds grazing on natural pastures from Rio Grande do Sul Province, Brazil, cows from control group (CG; n=100; 50 cows in each year) received basic mineral supplementation (without protein an energy) ad libitum during the entire experimental period. As an alternative feeding protocol, supplemented group (SG; n=100; 50 in each year) received a mineral supplementation enriched with protein (23%), energy (44% NDT) and sodium monensin (0.25%) ad libitum from days: –25 to 80 of breeding season. Cows were maintained in 2 separated paddocks of native pasture with similar forage composition and availability. All cows were submitted to a progesterone/estradiol-based estrus synchronization protocol on day -10, and cows not pregnant at diagnosis were resynchronized on days 28 and 76 using the same hormonal treatment. There was no year effect (P&gt;0.1) on weight gain and reproductive results, data from both breeding seasons were polled together for further analyzes. Cows from SG presented higher average daily weight gain and gained more weight than cows from CG (p&lt;0.001).&nbsp; Conception rate was higher for SG than CG at the first FTAI cycle (p&lt;0.05). No differences between groups were detected on final pregnancy rates (CG=80% and SG=88%; p&gt;0.1). Cows from SG became pregnant earlier (p&lt;0.01) during the breeding seasons. Also, the feeding supplementation provided an opportunity to increase gross margin. In conclusion, strategic feeding supplementation of beef cows grazing in natural pasture and submitted exclusively to fixed timed artificial insemination increases cows’ weight gain, anticipates pregnancies during the breeding season and can increase profit margin when compared to traditional management adopted in southern Brazil

Individual in vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase in lymphocytes of broiler chickens

The contamination of consumer food and animal feed with toxigenic fungi has resulted in economic losses worldwide in animal industries. Mycotoxins are highly biologically reactive secondary metabolites and can inhibit protein synthesis and cell multiplication. Considering the cytotoxicity of mycotoxins, this experiment was performed to determine the in vitro influence of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes of broiler chickens at different concentrations. This study has also evaluated whether the presence of these mycotoxins changes the acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes, which is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Blood lymphocytes of broiler chickens were isolated through density gradient centrifugation and incubated with the respective mycotoxins at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL. Lipid peroxidation, which was evaluated through the amount of malondialdehyde measured in a thiobarbituric acid-reactive species test, and the enzymatic activity were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Results of the lipid peroxidation evaluation showed an increasing cytotoxicity relation: ochratoxin A > deoxynivalenol > zearalenone. Conversely, cytotoxicity was valued as zearalenone > deoxynivalenol > ochratoxin A in relation to the acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. At a concentration of 1 μg/mL, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol induced the highest cellular oxidative stress levels and the highest enzymatic activity at the majority of time points. However, the same mycotoxins, except at 1 μg/mL concentration, induced a reduction of lymphocytic lipid peroxidation 72 h after incubation, suggesting the action of a compensatory mechanism in these cells