Cutaneous/Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis Treatment for Wound Healing: Classical versus New Treatment Approaches

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML) show clinical spectra that can range from a localized lesion (with a spontaneous healing process) to cases that progress to a generalized systemic disease with a risk of death. The treatment of leishmaniasis is complex since most of the available drugs show high toxicity. The development of an effective topical drug formulation for CL and ML treatment offers advantages as it will improve patient’s compliance to the therapy given the possibility for self-administration, as well as overcoming the first pass metabolism and the high costs of currently available alternatives. The most common dosage forms include solid formulations, such as membranes and semi-solid formulations (e.g., ointments, creams, gels, and pastes). Topical treatment has been used as a new route of administration for conventional drugs against leishmaniasis and its combinations, as well as to exploit new substances. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of using topical drug delivery for the treatment of these two forms of leishmaniasis and the relevance of combining this approach with other pharmaceutical dosage forms. Emphasis will also be given to the use of nanomaterials for site-specific delivery.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Sergipe (FAPITEC) 88887.159533/2017-00Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) CNPq 301964/2019-0 01/2019 06/2019Fundacao Carolin

Detection of clinically relevant yeast in blood: evaluation of methods for RNA extraction and amplification

Objectives: To evaluate different methods of extraction andpurification of RNA from yeast in blood samples to be used inmolecular-based diagnosis. Methods: Different combinations ofcommercially available kits were tested with blood samplesartificially inoculated with yeast cultures. Results: Qiagen kitsperformed better when compared to other commercial kits bothfor RNA extraction and one-step RT-PCR. Conclusions: Kits using ahot-start approach are better; the choice of kits has an importantimpact on the final result of a test

Natural Products as a Source for New Leads in Cancer Research and Treatment

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O ambiente ensina, a rotina organiza

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi analisar alguns documentos a respeito da Educação Infantil, disponíveis no site MEC, destacando as questões relacionadas ao espaço e tempo e compará-las com a realidade escolar. A metodologia de pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa, com procedimento da Análise Documental e da Observação Direta em três escolas. A observação se deu com base numa pauta formulada a partir do documento “Esta creche respeita a criança” (BRASIL, 1995). Os resultados apontaram que, os usos dos espaços nas instituições não coincidem com o que está estabelecido nos documentos analisados. Quanto às rotinas, foram percebidas mais como disciplinadoras do que mediadoras da aprendizagem. Entende-se que são necessárias mudanças e espera-se que, as ações do PIBID promovam-nas em algum grau. Mas, também é preciso um olhar mais sistemático, por parte dos órgãos responsáveis, sobre nossas instituições de ensino de Educação Infanti

Nanopesticides in agriculture: benefits and challenge in agricultural productivity, toxicological risks to human health and environment

Nanopesticides are nanostructures with two to three dimensions between 1 to 200 nm, used to carry agrochemical ingredients (AcI). Because of their unique properties, the loading of AcI into nanoparticles offers benefits when compared to free pesticides. However, with the fast development of new engineered nanoparticles for pests control, a new type of environmental waste is being produced. This paper describes the nanopesticides sources, the harmful environmental and health effects arising from pesticide exposure. The potential ameliorative impact of nanoparticles on agricultural productivity and ecosystem challenges are extensively discussed. Strategies for controlled release and stimuli-responsive systems for slow, sustained, and targeted AcI and genetic material delivery are reported. Special attention to different nanoparticles source, the environmental behavior of nanopesticides in the crop setting, and the most recent advancements and nanopesticides representative research from experimental results are revised. This review also addresses some issues and concerns in developing, formulating and toxicity pesticide products for environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture.FDA—Sorocaba University; PROPEIN 013_19info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biosurfactants: properties and applications in drug delivery, biotechnology and ecotoxicology

Surfactants are amphiphilic compounds having hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in their structure. They can be of synthetic or of microbial origin, obtained respectively from chemical synthesis or from microorganisms activity. A new generation of ecofriendly surfactant molecules or biobased surfactants is increasingly growing, attributed to their versatility of applications. Surfactants can be used as drug delivery systems for a range of molecules given their capacity to create micelles which can promote the encapsulation of bioactives of pharmaceutical interest; besides, these assemblies can also show antimicrobial properties. The advantages of biosurfactants include their high biodegradability profile, low risk of toxicity, production from renewable sources, functionality under extreme pH and temperature conditions, and long-term physicochemical stability. The application potential of these types of polymers is related to their properties enabling them to be processed by emulsification, separation, solubilization, surface (interfacial) tension, and adsorption for the production of a range of drug delivery systems. Biosurfactants have been employed as a drug delivery system to improve the bioavailability of a good number of drugs that exhibit low aqueous solubility. The great potential of these molecules is related to their auto assembly and emulsification capacity. Biosurfactants produced from bacteria are of particular interest due to their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties with therapeutic and biomedical potential. In this review, we discuss recent advances and perspectives of biosurfactants with antimicrobial properties and how they can be used as structures to develop semisolid hydrogels for drug delivery, in environmental bioremediation, in biotechnology for the reduction of production costs and also their ecotoxicological impact as pesticide alternative.This work was supported by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT/MCT) and from European Funds (PRODER/COMPETE) through the grants M-ERA-NET/0004/2015 (PAIRED), UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), and UIDB/04033/2020 (CITAB), cofinanced by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020. T. Pashirova acknowledges the financial support received from the government assignment for FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Deep-frying purple potato Purple Majesty using sunflower oil: effect on the polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity

The potato is a root vegetable native to the Americas; it consists of the starchy tuber of the plant Solanum tuberosum. There are many varieties, and the flesh can have different colour ranging from yellow to red and purple. Coloured varieties have a denser texture and slightly nuttier, earthier flavour than other potatoes. The desirable quality characteristics of potatoes depends on the intended use, and the acceptability of raw potatoes is determined by size, shape, colour, and the quality of can be evaluated in terms of colour, flavour, and texture. Deep-frying is the century-old and it is among the most common cooking processes, still being used to prepare a variety of food products on both industrial and domestic scales. Frying the potatoes is among the tastiest and appreciated way to cook this vegetable. Purple fleshed potatoes are widely considered one of the best-tasting purple potatoes varieties, they have a nice taste and add colour to a meal. They are a source of beneficial health compounds which makes them interesting as functional food. The anthocyanins present in the Purple Majesty variety are interesting for their health promoting abilities, anti-oxidative activity, and even other health beneficial effects, e.g. anti-influenza virus activity, and anti-stomach cancer activity. The aim of this study has been to assess the effect of deep-frying of purple potato Purple Majesty using sunflower oil on the polyphenols, anthocyanins and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the cooked matrix compared to the fresh one. The results seem to suggest that the healthy characteristics of this functional food are retained after the cooking by frying

Atividade antioxidante, cito- e fototoxicidade do extrato das sementes de romã (Punica granatum L.)

In the present work, a hydroethanolic extract was prepared from the entire seeds of pomegranate [Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)] with Cachaça, a distilled Brazilian alcoholic beverage, protected from light for an 80-hour period. The desorption curve of the seeds, presented an optimal time extraction of approximately 24 hours. The extract was divided into two samples: protected from light, (Extract 1), or not, (Extract 2). The extracts were characterized by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, quantification of total phenolics by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH quenching method. Extract 2 presented 9.8% less total polyphenols than Extract 1. The pomegranate seeds extract lost 79% of its antioxidant activity during light exposure. Extract 1 up to 3% (w/v) showed neither cyto nor phototoxicity in the Hela cells. In conclusion, Punica granatum L. seeds contain a significant total polyphenol and TEAC amount and they can be used in simple extractive process, by direct contact with Cachaça in up to 80 hours in the darkness, which gives it good coloration, taste, and smell. This extract showed neither cytotoxicity nor post-irradiation phototoxicity with solar simulator even though the extract proved photoinstable.Neste trabalho, foi realizada a extração de sementes inteiras de romã (Punica granatum L. - Punicaceae) com cachaça durante 80 horas no escuro. A curva de dessorção do extrato apresentou um tempo ótimo de extração das sementes de aproximadamente 24 horas. O extrato obtido foi dividido em duas amostras, uma delas foi mantida protegida da luz ambiente (extrato 1) e a outra não (extrato 2). As amostras foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia Ultravioleta-Visível, quantificação de polifenóis totais pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu e pela atividade antioxidante utilizando o ensaio de inibição do radical DPPH. A exposição do extrato à luz ambiente, o fez perder 9,8% do seu teor de polifenóis totais (de 0,353 para 0,322 g.L-1). Por outro lado, a atividade antioxidante caiu a 20,7% (de 3,4 para 0,7 mM de trolox). A adição de até 3% do extrato 1 de sementes de romã não afetou significativamente a viabilidade de células epiteliais in vitro. As mesmas células tratadas com o extrato 1 e irradiadas com um simulador solar não apresentaram fototoxicidade na mesma faixa de concentração. Assim, foi possível concluir que os componentes das sementes de Punica granatum L. (romã) podem ser extraídos por contato direto com cachaça por um período de 80 horas no escuro, conferindo-lhe uma boa coloração e também propriedades organolépticas agradáveis. Tal extrato não apresenta citotoxicidade e nem fototoxicidade, embora o extrato tenha se mostrado fotoinstável.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.): Focus on Nutraceutical Aspects

Medicinal plants have been globally exploiting as an alternative to chemical drugs in the treatment of several diseases due to low unwanted side effects, environmentally friendly nature, and low production costs. Therefore, it is important to analyze the therapeutic properties of various medicinal plants to understand their potential bioactivity. Uncaria tomentosa is one of these medicinal plants with many health-promoting effects. Although the geographical resources of cat's claw go back to the remote tropics of the Amazon, industrialized countries use the plant extensively in trade. Various parts of the plants such as flowers, leaves, Stem, hooks, and seeds are mainly used medicinally to treat inflammation, asthma, allergies, skin impurities, microbial infections, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cirrhosis, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, heart disease, rheumatism, and fever. The endpoint of this review article is to prospectively scrutinize in vitro and in vivo the therapeutic potential of this plant, especially in terms of its nutritional applications and healthbeneficial effects. © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio