VARIABILITY IN UV DISINFECTION OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER

Variability in the performance of UV disinfection systems is hypothesized to be attributable to variability in the parameters that influence the overall performance. Predictability of process performance in UV disinfection systems should be possible, if variability in these input parameters can be defined. The objective of this project was to define variability in parameters that are known to affect the performance of UV disinfection systems so as to inform design and operation conditions for a large-scale UV disinfection system that was recently applied at the Belmont facility in Indianapolis, Indiana, and other systems. The present study focused on quantification of variability in several input parameters, including viable E. coli concentration in undisinfected secondary effluent, UV254 dose-response behavior of the target organism (E. coli ), UV254 transmittance (UVT254 ) of the water, total suspended solids (TSS), flow rate (Q), and precipitation. These data were subjected to correlation analysis to identify dependence among these parameters, and thus have a better understanding of the variability in the performance of this UV system. In addition, measurements of the actual performance of the existing, full-scale UV disinfection system at the Belmont facility were conducted using Ambient Biodosimetry (AB). This method allowed for quantification of E. coli inactivation across the UV system over a range of operating conditions. The results of these experiments indicated that the system consistently exceeds treatment requirements, as defined by the Belmont NPDES permit, with a fraction of the existing hardware. This suggests that the existing system at Belmont may be over-designed, and that opportunities exist to improve the efficiency of the system\u27s operation. In the future, these data will be used in the development of a stochastic model that will predict performance variability. In turn, these model predictions will be used to inform the design and/or operation of UV wastewater disinfection systems

Proposed standards and best practices for technological infrastructure at contact centers in the Dominican Republic

The Contact Center industry in the Dominican Republic has experienced a considerable and fast growth in the last years. The main focus of this industry has been offering services to companies located outside the country. One notorious problem is the lack of written documentation in regards to general requirements needed to set up a Contact Center in the territory. The objective of this research is the presentation of a set of proposed standards and best practices for requirements of Technological Infrastructure for Contact Centers located in the Dominican Republic. These standards and best practices have been developed considering the needs identified within a Contact Center domain model, which was developed for this project. Other factors that were taken into consideration are the technological requirements for the operations of the Contact Center, the reasons why clients outsource their services and the technological challenges faced by Dominican Contact Centers that influence operations from a technological point of view

Resultados de los datos estadísticos obtenidos en las prácticas realizadas en la Fundación Médica Bienestar Faliliar

To carry out this research work is supported by the Family Welfare Medical Foundation, a nonprofit institution whose main objective is to provide specialty medical services and the rural and urban populations nationwide request. Working in a multidisciplinary team in medical areas as: Ophthalmology, Optometry, Dentistry, General Medicine and Cardiology. Supported by the Director of the institution where the performance of neighborhood brigades and care for patients with limited financial resources, in different cities and districts of the country are planned, such as Carchi, Imbabura, Pichincha, Cotopaxi and Santo Domingo de los was requested Tsachilas, where visual examination was performed in different patients aged 1 year and 64 years older.Para la realización de este trabajo de investigación se solicito el apoyo de la Fundación Médica Bienestar Familiar, que es una Institución sin fines de lucro, cuyo objetivo principal es ofrecer servicios médicos y de especialidad a las poblaciones rurales y urbano marginales a nivel nacional. Trabajando en un equipo multidisciplinario en áreas médicas como: Oftalmología, Optometría, Odontología, Medicina General y Cardiología. Se solicito el apoyo del Director de la Institución en donde se planificó la realización de brigadas barriales y atención a pacientes de escasos recursos económicos, en diferentes ciudades y barrios del país, como por ejemplo Carchi, Imbabura, Pichincha, Cotopaxi y Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, en donde se realizó exámenes visuales a diferentes pacientes en edades comprendidas entre 1 año y 64 años en adelante

Relación del Control Glucémico, Función Cognitiva y las Funciones Ejecutivas en el Adulto Mayor con Diabetes Tipo 2: Revisión Sistemática

Aim: To review the available evidence to show the relationship between glycemic control, cognitive function and executive functions in the AM with T2D.Methods: The literature search was conducted in English and Spanish, in 14 databases, Open Access, and the Google search engine. Based on the model proposed by Cooper (2007), for the synthesis of the literature. The studies were assessed for validity through CASPe guide for case-control studies.Results: We analyzed correlation 11estudies 100% of the studies showed glycemic control relationship to cognitive impairment and executive function in AM with DT2. Studies agree that the AM with DT2 have cognitive impairment, compared with AM without DT2, therefore there is a deficit in the AM to perform executive functions.Conclusions: Based on the available evidence there is a significant relationship in glycemic control and cognitive impairment in the AM with DT2, also a lower performance in functional mobility and verbal fluency.Objetivo: Revisar la evidencia disponible que demuestre la relación que existe entre el control glucémico, función cognitiva y las funciones ejecutivas en el AM con DT2.  Métodos: La búsqueda de la literatura se realizó en idioma inglés y español, en 14 bases de datos, Open acces, y en el buscador Google. En base al modelo propuesto por Cooper (2007), para la síntesis de la literatura. Los estudios fueron evaluados para su validez, a través de la guía CASPe para estudios de casos y controles. Resultados: Se analizaron 11estudios de correlación, el 100% de los estudios mostró relación del control glucémico con el deterioro cognitivo y la función ejecutiva en AM con DT2. Los estudios concuerdan que los AM con DT2 presentan deterioro cognitivo, comparado con los AM sin DT2, por lo tanto existe déficit en el AM al realizar las funciones ejecutivas.Conclusiones: Según la evidencia disponible existe una relación significativa en el control glucémico y el deterioro cognitivo en el AM con DT2, así mismo un menor desempeño en la movilidad funcional y la fluidez verbal

Mechanistic Modeling of Nanoparticle-stabilized Supercritical CO2 Foams and its Implication in Field-scale EOR Applications

Previous experimental studies show that nanoparticle-stabilized supercritical CO2 foams (or, NP CO2 foams) can be applied as an alternative to surfactant foams, in order to reduce CO2 mobility in gas injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR). These nanoparticles, if chosen correctly, can be an effective foam stabilizer attached at the fluid interface in a wide range of physicochemical conditions. By using NP CO2 foam experiments available in the literature, this study performs two tasks: (i) presenting how a mechanistic foam model can be used to fit experimental data and determine required model parameters, and (ii) investigating the sweep efficiency in a condition similar to Lisama Field, in Colombia, by using relevant gas mobility reduction data in CMG-STARS simulations, contrasting NP CO2 foams to surfactant foams in both dry and wet foam injection methods. The results show how the model can successfully reproduce coreflood experimental data, creating three different foam states (weak-foam, strong-foam and intermediate states) and two steady-state strong-foam regimes (high-quality and low-quality regimes). When the gas mobility reduction factors ranging up to 10 from the model fit are applied in the field-scale simulations, the use of nanoparticles improves oil recovery compared to gas-water co-injection, but not as efficient as successful surfactant foam injection does. This implies that although nanoparticle-stabilized foams do provide some benefits, there still seems some room to improve stability and strength of resulting foams

La adquisición de empresas. ¿En qué nivel de relación industrial son un modo más apropiado de diversificación empresarial?

El objetivo de este trabajo correlacional es examinar el nivel de relación industrial entre empresas, la adquirente (que se diversifica) y la adquirida, que se asocia con una reacción más positiva por parte del mercado de valores. Para tal fin, se utiliza la metodología de estudios de eventos (o acontecimientos) a través de varios días antes y después del anuncio de una muestra de 460 adquisiciones hechas por empresas estadounidenses durante los a nos 2000 a 2003. Los resultados soportan parcialmente la conje- tura de que el valor de la empresa aumenta en forma más pronunciada cuando los anuncios de adquisición involucran a entidades medianamente relacionadas. No obstante, solo cuando el nivel medio de relación empresarial es bajo (sin llegar a cero) la reacción del mercado de valores es más favorable

Offshoring Decision based on a framework for risk identification

[EN] Offshoring has been a growing practice in the last decade. This involves transferring or sharing management control of a business process (BP) to a supplier in a different country. Offshoring implicates information exchange, coordination and trust between the overseas supplier and the company that means to assume risk. In this paper categories and types of risk have been hierarchically classified using a new approach with the aim to propose a multilevel reference model for Supply Chain Risk evaluation. This classification has been used to analysis the offshoring decision taking into account not only operational and financial risks but other aspects as strategic, compliance, reputation and environmental. The proper risk identification can help to take the correct decision whether or not to bet on offshoring or maintain all the processes in the country of origin.Franconetti Rodríguez, P.; Ortiz Bas, Á. (2013). Offshoring Decision based on a framework for risk identification. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. 408:540-547. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40543-3_57S540547408Aron, R., Singh, J.V.: Getting Offshoring Right. Harvard Bus. Rev. 83, 135–155 (2005)Contractor, F.J., Kumar, V., Sumit, V., Kundu, K., Pedersen, J.: Reconceptualizing the Firm in a World of Outsourcing and Offshoring: The Organizational and Geographical Relocation of High-Value Company Functions. J. Manage. Stud. 47, 1417–1433 (2010)Holweg, M., Reichhart, A., Hong, E.: On risk and cost in global sourcing, Int. J. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 131, 333–341 (2011)Kleindorfer, P.R., Saad, G.H.: Managing Disruption Risks in Supply Chains. Prod. Oper. Manag. 14, 53–68 (2005)Neiger, D., Rotaru, K., Churilov, L.: Supply chain risk identification with value-focused process engineering. J. Oper. Manag. 27, 154–168 (2009)Kumar, S., Kwong, A., Misra, C.: Risk mitigation in offshoring of business operations. J. Manufac. Tech. Manag. 20, 442–459 (2009)Bandaly, D., Satir, A., Kahyaoglu, Y., Shanker, L.: Supply chain risk management –I: Conceptualization, framework and planning process. Risk Management 14, 249–271 (2012)Klimov, R., Merkuryev, Y.: Simulation model for supply chain reliability evaluation. Balt. J. Sust. 14, 300–311 (2008)Chopra, S., Sodhi, M.S.: Managing Risk To Avoid Supply-Chain Breakdown. MIT Sloan management review 53 (2004)Blackhurst, J.V., Scheibe, K.P., Johnson, D.J.: Supplier risk assessment and monitoring for the automotive industry. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. 38, 143–165 (2008)Tang, O., Musa, S.N.: Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply chain risk management, Int. J. Production Economics 133, 25–34 (2011)Christopher, M., Mena, C., Khan, O.: Approaches to managing global sourcing risk. Supply Chain Manag 16, 67–81 (2011)Olson, D.L., Wu, D.: Risk Management models for supply chain: a scenario analysis of outsourcing to China. Supply Chain Manag 16, 401–408 (2011)Supply Chain Council, Inc. SCOR: The Supply Chain Reference ISBN 0615202594Lambert, D.: Supply Chain Management: Processes, Partnerships, Performance, 3rd edn.Kern, D., Moser, R., Hartmann, E.: Supply risk management: model development and empirical analysis. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. 42, 60–82 (2008)Saaty, T.L.: The analytic hierarchy and analytic network measurement processes: Applications to decisions under Risk. Eur. J. Pure. Appl. Math., 122–196 (2008)Lockamy III, A., McCormack, K.: Analysing risks in supply networks to facilitate outsourcing decisions. Int. J. Prod. Res. 48(2), 593–611 (2010

Early Warning System Potential for Single Sourcing Risk Mitigation

[EN] Network governance is described as a framework of policies and business rules, which is applied to manage an extended organization. Risk mitigation is crucial to avoid disruptions. A early warning systems could help to avoid these risk. In the paper a framework ro risk management using an early warning systems is presented.Franconetti Rodríguez, P.; Ortiz Bas, Á. (2014). Early Warning System Potential for Single Sourcing Risk Mitigation. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. 434:610-617. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44745-1_60S610617434Enderwick, P.: Avoiding quality fade in Chinese global supply chains. Bus. Proc. Manag. J. 15(6), 876–894 (2009)Christopher, M., Lee, H.: Mitigating supply chain risk through improved confidence. Int. J. Phys. Dist. Log. Manag. 34, 388–396 (2004)Chopra, S., Sodhi, M.S.: Managing Risk to avoid Supply-Chain breakdown. MIT Sloan Manag. Rev., 53–61 (2004)Zeng, A.Z.: A synthetic study of sourcing strategies. Ind. Manage Data Syst. 100(5), 219–226 (2000)Wu, Z., Jiao, J., He, Z.: A single control chart for monitoring the frequency and magnitude of an event. Int. J. Prod. Econom. 119, 24–33 (2009)Macedo, P., Cardoso, T., Camarinha-Matos, L.M.: Value Systems Alignment in Product Servicing Networks. In: Camarinha-Matos, L.M., Scherer, R.J. (eds.) PRO-VE 2013. IFIP AICT, vol. 408, pp. 71–80. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Tummala, R., Schoenherr, T.: Assessing and managing risks using the Supply Chain Risk Management Process (SCRMP). Suppl. Chain Manag. 16(6), 474–483 (2011)Franconetti, P., Ortiz, A.: Sourcing risk management in industrial collaborative networks. IEEE T. Ind. Inform. (under revision)Blackhurst, J.V., Scheibe, K.P., Johnson, D.J.: Supplier risk assessment and monitoring for the automotive industry. Int. J. Phys. Dist. Log. Manag. 38(2), 143–165 (2008)Scandizzo, S.: Risk Mapping and Key Risk Indicators in Operational Risk Management. Ec. Notes Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena 34(2), 231–256 (2005)Stavrulaki, E., Davis, M.: Aligning products with supply chain processes and strategy. Int. J. Log. Manag. 21, 127–151 (2010)Chakraborty, D., Tah, D.: Real time statistical process advisor for effective quality control. Decision Support Systems 42(2), 700–711 (2006)Guiledge, T., Chavusholu, T.: Automating the construction of supply chain key performance indicators. Ind. Manag. Data Syst. 108(6), 750–777 (2008

Recomendaciones para la adecuada implementación de la figura del tenedor de fauna silvestre, con fundamento en la reglamentación actual.

El tráfico ilegal de fauna silvestre en Colombia presenta importantes problemas logísticos y procedimentales particularmente en la disposición final de los especímenes decomisados o rescatados, que no pueden ser devueltos al entorno natural del que proceden, y que no en todas las ocasiones pueden ser trasladados a zoológicos o a centros que hacen parte de amigos de la fauna. En el presente trabajo se aborda la problemática del tráfico ilegal de fauna silvestre desde el conflicto que se genera en la disposición final de la cual trata la Resolución 2064 de 2010, en donde se presenta la figura de los tenedores de fauna como una alternativa de tenencia legal por parte de los particulares, sin embargo esta presenta vacíos, tanto jurídicos, que no son precisos para el procedimiento administrativo, como en aspectos de manejo y mantenimiento. Para lograr esto inicialmente se realiza el diagnóstico sobre cuáles son los riesgos que enfrentan actualmente la fauna silvestre en Colombia, posteriormente se identifican cuáles son las especies de mayor número de decomisos en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, de los cuales se seleccionan los grupos que tienen más potencial para ser ubicados en potestad de los tenedores de la fauna, figura legal que aparece en Colombia con la ley 1333 de 2009. Seguidamente, se realiza un rastreo normativo con el objeto de identificar elementos complementarios que puedan hacer más efectiva la aplicación del Protocolo Para la Disposición Final de Especímenes de Fauna Silvestre Bajo la Figura de “Tenedor de Fauna” y del Manual Para el Tenedor de Fauna Silvestre Decomisada, de los que trata los anexos 17 y 18 de la Resolución 2064 de 2010 del Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial hoy Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Finalmente y como resultado del análisis realizados en los anteriores temas, se realizan aportes que los autores consideran pertinentes, para complementar la figura legal de tenedores de fauna silvestre, y que esta pueda ser usada de una manera efectiva en el territorio nacional, por parte de las autoridades ambientales, garantizando las necesidades y el bienestar de los individuos de la fauna silvestre, la seguridad de sus tenedores y procurando que disminuya su sustracción del ambiente, tráfico ilegal y comercialización.Illegal Wildlife Trafficking in Colombia presents significant logistical and procedural problems particularly in the final disposal of confiscated or rescued specimens, which cannot be returned to the natural environment from which they came, and not every time can be relocated to zoos or centers that are part of Friends of the fauna. In the present work refers to the problem of illegal wildlife trafficking from the conflict generated in the disposal of which is Resolution 2064 of 2010, in which the figure of the holders of wildlife is presented as an alternative possession of wildlife legally by individuals, however this presents both legal gaps, which are not required for the administrative procedure, and aspects of operation and maintenance of specimens. To achieve this writing it is necessary to begin with a diagnosis about the risks that are currently facing wildlife in Colombia; then it proceeds to identify which are the species most impounded in the metropolitan area of the Aburra Valley (Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburra); from this species are selected groups with more potential to be taken in custody by “Wildlife Holders” (“Tenedor de Fauna”, legal figure in Colombia with the law 1333 of 2009). Subsequently, its necessary to realize a normative tracking, with the aim of identify complementary elements that can make more effective the “Final Disposal of Wildlife Species” protocol, in the image of “Wildlife Holder” an under the “Impounded Wildlife Manual for Wildlife Holders” (“Manual Para el Tenedor de Fauna Silvestre Decomisada”) topics covered in the 17 and 18 annexes of the “2064 Resolution of 2010” in the “Ministry of Environment, Dwelling and Territorial Development”, now called the “Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development”. Finally and as a result of the performed analysis in the previous topics, necessary contributions are made by the authors to complement the legal definition of “Wildlife Holders”, and in order to assure that this definition can be used effective across the country (by Environment Authorities), ensuring the needs and welfare of wildlife individuals and attempting to decrease their environment displacement, trafficking and marketing