Macro y micropropagación de peperina de las lomas (Hedeoma multiflorum Benth)

La extracción intensiva de plantas aromático-medicinales (PAMs) de sus ambientes naturales coloca a muchas especies en una situación de gran vulnerabilidad ecológica. Este es el caso de la “peperina de las lomas” (Hedeoma multiflorum Benth. (Lamiaceae) (Elechosa, 2009). Esta especie, además de sufrir sobreexplotación, debe hacer frente al deterioro poblacional y ambiental provocado por otras acciones antrópicas, como la expansión de la frontera agrícola-ganadera, el avance de la urbanización, el desarrollo de emprendimientos turísticos, etc. En este contexto es importante resaltar que esta especie no solo es colectada en forma no sustentable, sino que también, por sus características morfológicas como planta de pequeño porte y de tallos múltiples, es levantada indiscriminadamente durante la recolección de otras aromáticas. Por todo lo expuesto anteriormente, se consideró relevante ajustar su propagación en función de disponer de materiales para generar una colección que sirva tanto para una reintroducción como para comenzar un proceso de domesticación.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Peralta, Patricia Angelica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Guariniello, Julian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Bach, Hernán Gerónimo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Escandon, Alejandro Salvio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentin

Incayuyo (Lippia integrifolia (Gris.) Hier.): Ensayo exploratorio de domesticación 2016/17

El éxito de un desarrollo biotecnológico se mide a través de la obtención de productos y su transferencia al sector productivo. El desarrollo y la obtención de la variedad Tawa-INTA (Iannicelli et al., 2016) de incayuyo tiene por finalidad cambiar el paradigma extractivo de esta especie por uno productivo. Esto implica que necesariamente el paquete tecnológico a transferir sea evaluado y confrontado a campo con el genotipo que le dio origen.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Guariniello, Julian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Iannicelli, Jesica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Peralta, Patricia Angelica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Rubio, Esteban Julian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Rosselot, Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Escandon, Alejandro Salvio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentin

Review of situation of Hedeoma multiflora Benth (Peperina de las lomas): an aromatic - medicinal Argentine species at risk

Aromatic and medicinal plants (AMPs) have great potential for the synthesis of secondary metabolites, which are used by the pharmaceutical and food industry. In addition, they are part of ancestral medicine and the livelihood of many families in regional economies. Argentina has a high number of AMPs. However, the intensive extraction system (overexploitation), together with other anthropic actions, puts them at risk. The "peperina de las lomas" (Hedeoma multiflora Benth. (Lamiaceae)) is within this problem. This native species, xerophyte, is distributed in central Argentina, in stony mountain areas, forming small bushes. In this work, the existing information of the species was collected, covering from its environmental problems to the most recent investigations, oriented towards its conservation and the development of its germplasm. These data will serve to promote activities aimed at preventing the degradation of this resource and promoting its sustainable use. Las plantas aromáticas y medicinales (PAMs) tienen un gran potencial para la síntesis de metabolitos secundarios, los cuales son utilizados por la industria farmacéutica y alimentaria. Además, son parte de la medicina ancestral y el sustento de muchas familias de las economías regionales. Argentina posee un alto número de PAMs. Sin embargo, el sistema de extracción intensivo (sobreexplotación), junto a otras acciones antrópicas, las coloca en riesgo. La “peperina de las lomas” (Hedeoma multiflora Benth. (Lamiaceae)) se encuentra dentro de esta problemática. Esta especie nativa, xerófita, se distribuye en el centro de Argentina, en zonas pedregosas serranas, formando pequeñas matas. En este trabajo se recopiló la información existente de la especie abarcando, desde su problemática ambiental hasta las investigaciones más recientes, orientadas a su conservación y al desarrollo de su germoplasma. Estos datos servirán para promover actividades destinadas a evitar la degradación de este recurso y propiciar su aprovechamiento sustentable.Las plantas aromáticas y medicinales (PAMs) tienen un gran potencial para la síntesis de metabolitos secundarios, los cuales son utilizados por la industria farmacéutica y alimentaria. Además, son parte de la medicina ancestral y el sustento de muchas familias de las economías regionales. Argentina posee un alto número de PAMs. Sin embargo, el sistema de extracción intensivo (sobreexplotación), junto a otras acciones antrópicas, las coloca en riesgo. La “peperina de las lomas” (Hedeoma multiflora Benth. (Lamiaceae)) se encuentra dentro de esta problemática. Esta especie nativa, xerófita, se distribuye en el centro de Argentina, en zonas pedregosas serranas, formando pequeñas matas. En este trabajo se recopiló la información existente de la especie abarcando, desde su problemática ambiental hasta las investigaciones más recientes, orientadas a su conservación y al desarrollo de su germoplasma. Estos datos servirán para promover actividades destinadas a evitar la degradación de este recurso y propiciar su aprovechamiento sustentable.Fil: Peralta, Patricia Angelica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. ArgentinaFil: Guariniello, Julian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Escandon, Alejandro Salvio.Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentin

Mechanism of azole resistance in Candida vulturna , an emerging multidrug resistant pathogen related with Candida haeumulonii and Candida auris

Background: Candida vulturna is an emerging pathogen belonging to the Metshnikowiaceae family together with Candida auris and Candida haemulonii species complex. Some strains of this species were reported to be resistant to several antifungal agents. Objectives: This study aims to address identification difficulties, evaluate antiungal susceptibilities and explore the molecular mechanisms of azole resistance of Candida vulturna. Methods: We studied five C. vulturna clinical strains isolated in three Colombian cities. Identification was performed by phenotypical, proteomic and molecular methods. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed following CLSI protocol. Its ERG11 genes were sequenced and a substitution was encountered in azole resistant isolates. To confirm the role of this substitution in the resistance phenotype, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with a chimeric ERG11 gene were created. Results: Discrepancies in identification methods are highlighted. Sequencing confirmed the identification as C. vulturna. Antifungal susceptibility varied among strains, with four strains exhibiting reduced susceptibility to azoles and amphotericin B. ERG11 sequencing showed a point mutation (producing a P135S substitution) that was associated with the azole-resistant phenotype. Conclusions: This study contributes to the understanding of C. vulturna's identification challenges, its susceptibility patterns, and sheds light on its molecular mechanisms of azole resistance.Fil: Macedo, Daiana. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Berrio, Indira. Hospital General de Medellin Luz Castro de Gutierrez; ColombiaFil: Escandon, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Salud; ColombiaFil: Gamarra, Soledad. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Effron, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentin

La biotecnología como herramienta para la conservación y el cuidado de la biodiversidad de las especies aromático-medicinal nativas

En este capítulo se tomaron 11 especies diferentes de PAMs y se muestra una revisión de sus usos populares, sus potenciales aplicaciones, sus correspondientes estados de conservación, y el grado de aplicación de las herramientas biotecnológicas para la propagación, conservación y/o mejoramiento de las mismasInstituto de GenéticaFil: Iannicelli, Jesica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Guariniello, Julian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret"; ArgentinaFil: Peralta, Patricia Angelica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret"; ArgentinaFil: Pitta Alvarez, Sandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Escandon, Alejandro Salvio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret"; Argentin

Caracterización molecular en el género Mecardonia Ruiz & Pav. (Plantaginaceae) utilizando marcadores ISSR

En el marco del programa de desarrollo de germoplasma ornamental nativo del INTA se incluyó el estudio del género Mecardonia. El género en cuestión se caracteriza por su forma compacta, la variabilidad en el tamaño y color de sus flores, su largo período de floración y su fácil propagación. Con la finalidad de estimar la diversidad genética presente en veinticinco individuos pertenecientes a dos especies del género Mecardonia, se emplearon siete microsatélites anclados, los cuales generaron un total de 557 loci polimórficos, con un promedio de 80 loci por iniciador. Los valores de Rp variaron entre 11,923 y 25,231; el promedio del PIC fue de 0,130 y el MI varió de 5,875 a 12,160. A partir de la matriz de similitud genética entre individuos, obtenida mediante la aplicación del coeficiente de Dice y el análisis de agrupamiento (UPGMA) se construyó un fenograma que permitió separar a los 25 individuos en 3 grupos bien definidos, uno de los cuales incluye a los individuos de M. procumbens var. tenella, otro agrupa a los individuos de M. procumbens var. flagellaris, mientras que el último incluye a los individuos de Mecardonia sp junto a individuos de M. procumbens var. Flagellaris. Se calculó un valor de coeficiente de correlación cofenética de r=0,99 entre la matriz de similitud y el fenograma generado. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo permitieron diferenciar inequívocamente la totalidad de los individuos analizados, pudiéndose inferir un alto grado de variabilidad en la población bajo estudio. Los ISSRs constituyen una herramienta molecular eficaz cuando se requiera una manipulación simple, confiable y de bajo costo.Twenty five individuals of Mecardonia Ruiz & Pav. genus (Plantaginaceae, ex-Scrophulariaceae) were selected for their ornamental traits into the context of the native ornamental germplasm breeding program of INTA. Seven Inter-Simple Sequences Repeats primers (ISSRs) were used for fingerprinting diagnosis. The molecular marker used revealed high levels of polymorphism, and they generated 557 loci. The average number of loci per primer was 80; Rp values ranged from 11.923 to 25.231, the average of PIC value was 0.130, whereas MI values varied from 5.875 to 12.160. Similarity matrix was constructed with Dice coefficient, following UPGMA cluster analysis. ISSR showed an “r” value of 0.99 for similarity and cophenetics matrixes comparison. These results allowed the genetic discrimination between the accessions analyzed, inferring a high variability degree. In the same way, the obtained results suggested that ISSRs are a good choice for molecular analysis in Mecardonia when simple, reliable and low cost manipulation is required.Instituto de FloriculturaFil: Perez De La Torre, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Zirilli, Patricia Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Ulrich, Maria Noelia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Setten, Lorena. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "César Milstein"; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Escandon, Alejandro Salvio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura e Instituto de Genética; Argentin

Knowledge, attitudes and practices in health personnel who provide care to patients with SARS-COV2

Objective: To identify knowledge, attitudes and practices in health personnel who provide care to patients with SARS-COV2. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out that included 362 participants, discriminated against health professionals (213) and health technicians (149) who provided first-line health services for the care of suspected or positive patients for SARS Cov 2, the technique Sampling was at convenience, the questionnaire they answered to participate was self-completed electronically using the Google Docs tool after designing, validating and applying a KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices) survey. An analysis with descriptive statistics was performed, bivariate associations were made using the Chi-square test where p<005 was taken as the level of significance. Results: In the KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices) survey, factors, protective and risk behaviors emerged; In these results, it is important to highlight that some of them vary in the responses of the participants, because what for some may constitute a risk factor or behavior, for others it may be a risk or protective factor. Conclusion: For the participants Having security in knowledge, personal coping resources, availability of personal protection elements and resources for care, at the time of carrying out the interventions in the patients they become protective behaviors, and the participants’ perception of risk was influenced by values, beliefs, feelings, knowledge and their sources. It is important to highlight that some of them vary in the responses of the participants, because what for some may constitute a risk factor or behavior, for others it may be a risk or protective factor. conclusions. For the participants Having security in knowledge, personal coping resources, availability of personal protection elements and resources for care, at the time of carrying out the interventions in the patients they become protective behaviors, and the participants’ perception of risk was influenced by values, beliefs, feelings, knowledge and their sources. It is important to highlight that some of them vary in the responses of the participants, because what for some may constitute a risk factor or behavior, for others it may be a risk or protective factor. conclusions. For the participants Having security in knowledge, personal coping resources, availability of personal protection elements and resources for care, at the time of carrying out the interventions in the patients they become protective behaviors, and the participants’ perception of risk was influenced by values, beliefs, feelings, knowledge and their sources.Salud Humana y Anima

Knowledge and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors of Chilean adolescents attending urban and rural schools. Is it necessary to focus the prevention strategies according to territorial relevance?

Background: HIV infection has sustained increased in the Chilean young population. In order to focus on sexual education in adolescents, it is first necessary to establish the degree of knowledge and risk behaviors in this group. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the degree of knowledge and HIV/ AIDS risk behaviors in adolescents from rural and urban schools. Material and Methods: The study included 385 adolescents between 14 and 18 years old. Through an anonymous survey, sociodemographic data, knowledge about HIV/ AIDS, risk behaviors, and ways of accessing information were collected. Results: A third of the adolescents surveyed (33.6%) reported having initiated sexual activity, primarily men. Rural students showed lower knowledge of HIV/AIDS. 32.2% of individuals who initiated sexual activity reported nonuse or rarely use of condoms, and only 4.4% of students have had an HIV detection/diagnostic test. Although the students had received information mainly from their teachers, they reported that if they needed help, they would go to health centers, youth programs, and, to a lesser extent, to teachers. They also preferred access to information in workshops, on the Internet, and social networks. Conclusions: We observed regular knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescents. Rural students showed less knowledge and several risk behaviors. These findings emphasize the need to establish sexual education strategies in adolescents, considering the territory and the use of new technologies

Multilocus sequence typing analysis reveals that Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans is a recombinant population

International audienceCryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) represents about 30% of the clinical isolates in Europe and is present less frequently in the other continents. It is the prevalent etiological agent in primary cutaneous cryptococcosis as well as in cryptococcal skin lesions of disseminated cryptococcosis. Very little is known about the genotypic diversity of this Cryptococcus subtype. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic diversity among a set of clinical and environmental C. neoformans var. neoformans isolates and to evaluate the relationship between genotypes, geographical origin and clinical manifestations. A total of 83 globally collected C. neoformans var. neoformans isolates from Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Turkey, Thailand, Japan, Colombia, and the USA, recovered from different sources (primary and secondary cutaneous cryptococcosis, disseminated cryptococcosis, the environment, and animals), were included in the study. All isolates were confirmed to belong to genotype VNIV by molecular typing and they were further investigated by MLST analysis. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic as well as network analysis strongly suggested the existence of a recombinant rather than a clonal population structure. Geographical origin and source of isolation were not correlated with a specific MLST genotype. The comparison with a set of outgroup C. neoformans var. grubii isolates provided clear evidence that the two varieties have different population structures

S8.5c MLST genotyping and phylogenetics of AD-hybrids

S8.5 GENOTYPING OF CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS AND C. GATTII, SEPTEMBER 23, 2022, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM:   OBJECTIVES: In a previous study a set of new molecular-type specific primers were designed to apply the standard ISHAM consensus multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to Cryptococcus neoformans AD hybrids. In the present study, we report the preliminary results of the investigation by MLST of a large number of AD hybrids with the aim to identify the circulating genotypes, their phylogenesis, and population genetics. METHODS: A total of 50 AD-hybrid isolates from different parts of the world and from different sources were genotyped by MLST. Minimum spanning trees using GoeBurst algorithm were generated by comparing hybrid genotypes and by comparing separately either allele-A and allele-D portions of the hybrid genotypes to the haplotypes recorded in the MLST global database. RESULTS: Analysis identified 32 hybrid genotypes grouped in three distinct main clusters (CC12, CC21, and CC30) including 12 isolates each. Both CC12 and CC21 clusters included isolates from different countries and continents but the former grouped only isolates with mating type aADalpha whereas the latter those with mating type alphaADa. Cluster CC30 included only isolates from Ivory Coasts. Heterozygous allelic combinations in each of the seven MLST loci presented two or three combinations more frequent than the other ones. In some isolates, one or more alleles were not amplified after multiple attempts, and therefore, they were considered as lacking. A total of 22 MLST profiles were identified by analyzing separately the allele-A combinations of the hybrids. Comparison with all MLST profiles of VNI, VNII, and VNB included in the MLST global database showed that the allele-A portion of the hybrid genotypes was grouped in few VNI or VNB clusters. In none of the investigated hybrids, the allele-A portion originated from VNII genotypes. Similarly, when the MLST profile of allele-D portion of hybrids was compared to all VNIV genotypes present in the global MLST database, few clusters were identified but, in this case, mostly originated from genotypes not yet found among VNIV haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that the AD hybrids here investigated originated from the mating of A haploids very common in both clinical and environmental isolates and D haploids that are not circulating at present or are very rare. Therefore, it is likely that hybrids originated in the environment where VNIV genotypic diversity is higher and suitable AD combinations can occur. Sequencing of further AD hybrids is in progress to confirm these results