60 research outputs found
Mantle dynamics of the Andean Subduction Zone from continent-scale teleseismic S-wave tomography
The Andean Subduction Zone is one of the longest continuous subduction zones on Earth. The relative simplicity of the two-plate system has makes it an ideal natural laboratory to study the dynamics in subduction zones. We measure teleseismic S and SKS traveltime residuals at >1000 seismic stations that have been deployed across South America over the last 30 yr to produce a finite-frequency teleseismic S-wave tomography model of the mantle beneath the Andean Subduction Zone related to the Nazca Plate, spanning from ~5°N to 45°S and from depths of ~130 to 1200 km. Within our model, the subducted Nazca slab is imaged as a fast velocity seismic anomaly. The geometry and amplitude of the Nazca slab anomaly varies along the margin while the slab anomaly continues into the lower mantle along the entirety of the subduction margin. Beneath northern Brazil, the Nazca slab appears to stagnate at ~1000 km depth and extend eastward subhorizontally for >2000 km. South of 25°S the slab anomaly in the lower mantle extends offshore of eastern Argentina, hence we do not image if a similar stagnation occurs. We image several distinct features surrounding the slab including two vertically oriented slow seismic velocity anomalies: one beneath the Peruvian flat slab and the other beneath the ParanĂĄ Basin of Brazil. The presence of the latter anomaly directly adjacent to the stagnant Nazca slab suggests that the plume, known as the ParanĂĄ Plume, may be a focused upwelling formed in response to slab stagnation in the lower mantle. Additionally, we image a high amplitude fast seismic velocity anomaly beneath the Chile trench at the latitude of the Sierras Pampeanas which extends from ~400 to ~1000 km depth. This anomaly may be the remnants of an older, detached slab, however its relationship with the Nazca-South America subduction zone remains enigmatic.Fil: RodrĂguez, Emily E.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Portner, Daniel Evan. No especifĂca;Fil: Beck, Susan L.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Rocha, Marcelo P.. Universidade do BrasĂlia; BrasilFil: Bianchi, Marcelo B.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Assumpção, Marcelo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ruiz, Mario. Escuela PolitĂ©cnica Nacional; EcuadorFil: Alvarado, Patricia Monica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FĂsicas y Naturales. Departamento de GeofĂsica y AstronomĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FĂsicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: Condori, Cristobal. Universidade do BrasĂlia; BrasilFil: Lynner, Colton. University Of Delaware; Estados Unido
Excess mortality associated with eating disorders : a population-based cohort study.
Background Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) have a high mortality risk. Few population-based studies have estimated mortality risk in EDs other than anorexia nervosa. Aims To investigate all-cause mortality within a population-based cohort of individuals who received hospital-based care for any ED (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or ED not otherwise specified) in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a retrospective-cohort study of 19,041 individuals with an ED from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2013 using administrative healthcare data. The outcome of interest was death. Excess mortality was assessed using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and potential years of life lost (PYLL). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine socio-demographic and medical comorbidities associated with greater mortality risk. Results The ED cohort had 17,108 females (89.9%) and 1,933 males (10.1%). The all-cause mortality for the entire ED cohort was five times higher than expected compared to the Ontario population (SMR = 5.06; 95% CI:4.82-5.30). SMRs were higher for males (SMR=7.24; 95% CI: 6.58- 7.96) relative to females (SMR=4.59; 95% CI: 4.34-4.85), overall and in all age groups in the cohort. For both sexes, the ED cohort PYLL was more than 6 times higher than the expected PYLL in the Ontario population. Conclusions and Relevance Patients with EDs experience five to seven times higher mortality rates compared to the overall population. There is an urgent need to understand the mortality risk factors to improve health outcomes among individuals with eating disorders
Bodily Expression of Social Initiation Behaviors in ASC and non-ASC children: Mixed Reality vs. LEGO Game Play
This study is part of a larger project that showed the potential of our
mixed reality (MR) system in fostering social initiation behaviors
in children with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). We compared
it to a typical social intervention strategy based on construction
tools, where both mediated a face-to-face dyadic play session between
an ASC child and a non-ASC child. In this study, our first
goal is to show that an MR platform can be utilized to alter the
nonverbal body behavior between ASC and non-ASC during social
interaction as much as a traditional therapy setting (LEGO). A second
goal is to show how these body cues differ between ASC and
non-ASC children during social initiation in these two platforms.
We present our first analysis of the body cues generated under two
conditions in a repeated-measures design. Body cue measurements
were obtained through skeleton information and characterized in
the form of spatio-temporal features from both subjects individually
(e.g. distances between joints and velocities of joints), and
interpersonally (e.g. proximity and visual focus of attention). We
used machine learning techniques to analyze the visual data of eighteen
trials of ASC and non-ASC dyads. Our experiments showed
that: (i) there were differences between ASC and non-ASC bodily
expressions, both at individual and interpersonal level, in LEGO
and in the MR system during social initiation; (ii) the number of features
indicating differences between ASC and non-ASC in terms of
nonverbal behavior during initiation were higher in the MR system
as compared to LEGO; and (iii) computational models evaluated
with combination of these different features enabled the recognition
of social initiation type (ASC or non-ASC) from body features in
LEGO and in MR settings. We did not observe significant differences
between the evaluated models in terms of performance for LEGO
and MR environments. This might be interpreted as the MR system
encouraging similar nonverbal behaviors in children, perhaps more
similar than the LEGO environment, as the performance scores in
the MR setting are lower as compared to the LEGO setting. These
results demonstrate the potential benefits of full body interaction
and MR settings for children with ASC.EPSR
Transition metals on the (0001) surface of graphite: Fundamental aspects of adsorption, diffusion, and morphology
In this article, we review basic information about the interaction of transition metal atoms with the (0001) surface of graphite, especially fundamental phenomena related to growth. Those phenomena involve adatom-surface bonding, diffusion, morphology of metal clusters, interactions with steps and sputter-induced defects, condensation, and desorption. General traits emerge which have not been summarized previously. Some of these features are rather surprising when compared with metal-on-metal adsorption and growth. Opportunities for future work are pointed out
Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS
Aim: To harmonize two ascertainment and severity rating instruments commonly used for the clinical high risk syndrome for psychosis (CHR-P): the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS) and the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS). Methods: The initial workshop is described in the companion report from Addington et al. After the workshop, lead experts for each instrument continued harmonizing attenuated positive symptoms and criteria for psychosis and CHR-P through an intensive series of joint videoconferences. Results: Full harmonization was achieved for attenuated positive symptom ratings and psychosis criteria, and modest harmonization for CHR-P criteria. The semi-structured interview, named Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS (PSYCHS), generates CHR-P criteria and severity scores for both CAARMS and SIPS. Conclusions: Using the PSYCHS for CHR-P ascertainment, conversion determination, and attenuated positive symptom severity rating will help in comparing findings across studies and in meta-analyses
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